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Molecular imprinting is a novel technique for preparing specific absorbents with selective sites for binding to the target molecule. Molecularly imprinted polymers, because of their high selectivity and stability, low cost and easy methods of preparation, have been widely employed in separation procedures. In this study, we evaluated the synthesized electrospun imprinted membrane (MIM) as a specific sorbent for herbicide mecoprop (MCPP). The films were prepared using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a main part of polymeric solution and in the presence of dichloromethane (DCM) and Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as the solvents. The template was extracted through washing, results in the free specific memory sites within the films. Then, the synthesized electrospun imprinted membrane (MIM) was evaluated as a specific sorbent for herbicide mecoprop (MCPP). The results showed that the solution with 20% w/v of PET was the optimal solution for electrospinning process and at all different MCPP/MAA molar ratios (1:2, 1:4. 1:6 and 1:8), MIM had higher removal ability for template molecule (p<0.05) compared to NIM. The template/monomer ratio of 1:4 had the best binding amount. We also investigated the capability of MIM to be used as sorbent for pesticide 2,4-D, that is, the analogue of the main template molecule and diazinon, that is, the pesticide with different structure to the template. In addition, we used synthesized MIM and NIM films to extract MCPP analyte from environmental aqueous samples (bottled water and groundwater) and the results indicated successful performance of MIM compared to NIN.

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This paper presents the results of a study on the radiation characteristics of a plasma triangular antenna in the VHF band (30-300MHz) applying the method of moment. Deriving the current distribution of the antenna, it shows the relationship between radiation characteristics of the plasma antenna and the plasma parameters. Both theoretical and numerical results indicate that if the plasma frequency is sufficiently higher than the operating frequency and the collision frequency is correspondingly low, the radiation treatment of the plasma antenna will be close to a metal one. Also the consequence of simulations reveals the proposed plasma antenna has better peak gain than the conventional plasma column on the operating band. The results of the current study are checked by using full wave HFSS simulator.    

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In this paper, we construct a Symmetric Input-Output Table (SIOT), which has no negative elements and preserves balance of table. For this purpose, we apply Almon's mathematical algorithm and use the Make and Use Matrices of 2001, which are provided by the Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). The estimated SIOT is compared with the SIOT of SCI. Our findings reveal that required adjustments in SIOT derived by Almon's algorithm are less than adjustments made by the SCI for eliminating negative elements. We propose this method for the calculation of future Input-output Tables of Iran.

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    Provisional measures such as injunction, securing evidence, freezing injunction and suspension of releas are among the most important legal measures adopted in fair and equitable proceedings related to the intellectual property rights, which have been considered in the third chapter of the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) . In the Iranian legal system, this subject is more or less given attention. This study, however, reveals that the new law not only did not put us in a better situation in comparison with the previous law, but also created imperfections and ambiguities that didn’t exist in the previous law. The executive regulations of the new law, sporadically and in a disorderly way have adopted some of the provisions of the previous regulations as part of efforts to remove the existing imperfections and flaws. Actually, it has exceeded the legal limits in some cases. In this research, the author draws a comparison between the new law and the TRIPs Agreement while challenging the new law and its executive regulations. Finally, it sets forth some proposals for amending the existing law.      

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Hydrokinetic turbine performance depends on different parameters such as blade geometrical parameters (i.e. chord length, blade pitch angle, hydrofoil shape, blade yaw angle and etc.) Kinematic parameters (i.e. water speed, rotational speed and etc.) and another important parameters include tip speed ratio (TSR) and The location of turbine in the Channel or river bed. In this project Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and commercial software ANSYS Fluent 16 are used to simulate hydrokinetic turbine. In numerical simulation used multiple reference frame (MRF) model and the shear-stress transport k-ω SST turbulence model. the grid independency is studied To ensure of numerical results. Also the results are validated with experimental data. At first, for investigate the effect of blade pitch angle and chord length on power coefficient, three different chord length were considered and blade pitch angle over a range of blade pitch angles (0° to 16°) with TSR (2.17 to 6.22) are studied and The results show that maximum power coefficient was found at 10 ° blade pitch angle with 1.676 cm chord length. Based on the results, stall delay depends on blade pitch angle and chord length.

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In compound channels, in addition to shear flow originated from the bed (boundary layer flow), other forces are generated by momentum transform between the main channel and the floodplain (free shear layer). Due to such special type of momentum transport, a complicated three-dimensional flow structure forms in a compound channel. Previous studies showed that in a compound channel, secondary currents are enhanced for shallow overbank flow and consequently the complexity of flow structure increases. However, this complexity has not be described properly. To explore turbulent structure of a shallow overbank flow, flow field is measured in a compound channel with vertical walls using Particle Image Velocimetry. The results show that in the main channel, the maximum amount of streamwise velocity occurs below the floodplain level. Whereas in previous studies in compound channels with inclined transitional wall, turbulence intensities profiles in the main channel showed two different trends at lower and higher elevations of the floodplain invert, in the present study three different increasing or decreasing trends were observed for Reynolds shear stress and longitudinal turbulence intensity profiles and four different trends was observed for vertical turbulence intensity. Bed shear velocity was approximately constant in the floodplain but it increased near the interaction zone.

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One of the practical and useful techniques for the flow field measurement in open channels is Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Presence of ADV probe and its holding system against flow disturb natural flow pattern which can change turbulent flow structure. Thus, the error of the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter is consist of its intrinsic error and the presence of ADV against flow. To have better understating about this effect, in this paper, flow field in an open-channel is measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique and side-looking ADV probe. The results show that sreamwise velocity obtained from both methods are in good agreement and on average, there is 5 percent difference, while vertical and lateral components of velocity are considerably different. Also, comparison of sreamwise and lateral turbulence intensities and the Reynolds shear stress shows lower differences for measured points near the water surface and the differences increase approaching to the bed.

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Most natural open-channel and overland flows belong to the class of hydraulically rough-bed flows. Although hydrodynamics of such flows has been studied extensively for the last two decades, there are still many unsolved problems awaiting clarification. In general, turbulent flow is modeled and studied through Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. Despite the ability of these equations in modeling of turbulent flows, they have some deficiencies in natural flows (such as atmospheric flow or water flows in rivers and estuaries) where flow characteristics vary in multiple time and length scales. In addition, in some situations, these equations are not practicable due to the highly three-dimensional small-scale structure of the mean flow and turbulence, especially in the near bed region. Moreover, RANS equations are locally resolved the flow characteristics, which is in contrast to many hydraulics fundamental concepts such as uniformity, Manning coefficient, water discharge. To resolve this problem, the time averaging of the Navier-Stokes equations should be supplemented by spatial averaging in a plane parallel to the mean bed surface. After such an averaging a new system of equations will be obtained which are known as double averaged, or spatially averaged, Navier-Stokes equations. The double-averaging procedure gives new momentum and continuity equations for fluid, which are averaged in both time and space domains and which explicitly contain important additional terms such as form-induced stresses and, for the flow region below roughness tops, form and viscous drag terms. These type of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations have various applications in hydraulic studies. One of the main application of these equations is in heterogeneous turbulent flow above rough surfaces such as vegetated or gravel bed flow. The present study demonstrates applications of double averaged equations in study of rough bed flows. To this end, laboratory measurement were conducted in an open-channel laboratory flume. Experimental measurements cover an appropriate range of the bed roughness characteristics so that the channel aspect ratios, the ratio between the channel width and water depth (B⁄H), are 6.2 and 7.7. Bottom of the channel is roughened using two series of crushed stone which are spread randomly at the bed and then glued to the bed. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) is used to measure three components of velocity field. Both velocity profile and Reynolds shear stress are estimated based on the measured velocity time series. Results of these measurements show that velocity field in the near bed region shows strong spatial variation due to the rough bed elements protrusions. To properly take in to account this spatial variation in shear velocity, spatially averaged Reynolds shear stress profile can be reliably used for determination of the bed shear stress. Furthermore, a new method for determination of the vertical logarithmic profile of streamwise velocity is introduced using the bed shear velocity obtained from spatial averaging. This method is an iterative process in which parameters of logarithmic profile, i.e. zero-plane displacement (the bed origin displacement due to the rough elements presence) and constant if integration will be estimated based on the measured velocity profile. Results of experimental data analysis, using the new method, show that the logarithmic profile parameters can be efficiently determined.

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One of the most challenging hydraulic topics is the study mountainous river flow in natural condition where the relative submergence (the ratio of water depth to the bed roughness length characteristics) is low and Reynolds number is too high. Most of the rivers that cross the mountainous areas have coarse aggregates of sand aggregates. In natural flow conditions, usually depth of water is not high and as a result existence of roughness affects the flow field and velocity profile specially roughness sublayer. Investigation of flow field in this types of rivers and understanding the important parameters of turbulent flow helps to better exploit these types of rivers. In shallow currents, the relative submergence is often less than 20. However, there is an uncertainty regarding this range. Present study, which will be continued by Mohajeri et al. (2015), has investigated the numerical simulation of this type of flow. For this purpose, the gravel bed was modeled physically by importing a digital model into the Flow-3D software. One of the innovations of this research was the importing of a rough bed in a physical manner while in similar researches, the roughness equivalent coefficient was imported as an effective roughness parameter and the bed was not physically modeled. In present study, the study of parts of the flow in numerical simulation order that in laboratory study Due to laboratory limitations was not investigated, was considered. Actually, the main purpose in present study is investigation of turbulent flow characteristics in a low relative submergence in near sandy stone. One of the other points of this research is the investigation of low relative submergence, while most studies had done on high relative submergence. It should be noted, for simulating the k-ԑ RNG that is two equations model and having Medium computing cost, has been used in Flow-3D Software. After validation it was found that Flow-3D was able to simulate these types of flows. After validation and at the end of modeling, it was found that existence of sand stones in these conditions, it affects severely on flow field, turbulent intensity and shear stress. Quantitative investigation of region under sandy sandstone shows that roughness sublayer region not only changes in location, but also vary according to the parameter being studied. Such an observation makes the region's precise and comprehensive definition very difficult and complicated. also existence of  changes  in longitudinal velocity and medium turbulent kinetic energy (T.K.E) is  the  cause  of  formation of  longitudinal strings of variations in velocity and kinetic energy across the channel .According to  the type of turbulent  modeling in this study which was k-ԑ RNG, existence this strings Attributed  to  Swirling together and Arranged sequences near sandy sandstone because these model  Based on isotropic turbulence assumption and  it  hasn’t  ability to investigating and modeling the secondary currents. Finally with investigation of shear velocity contours in bed channel, it was found that maximum shear velocity occurred near maximum elevation sandstone. Also, maximum drag force occurred in this region. Finally, due to small flow fields in near of walls and colliding Flow currents to these walls, the mean of shear velocity and friction increases.

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