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To compare the seed characteristics in accessions of Atriplex canescens under exclosure and non-exclosure conditions, two even-aged sites were selected with an area of 400 ha as the exclosure and 1000 ha as non-exclosure area. To conduct the study, 30 species were randomly selected in autumn 2009 in reference area of the sites and seeds were collected. Some important seed characteristics were studied in the laboratory. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17 software and mean comparisons were performed by Duncan's Multiple Range Tests. Results showed that the winged seeds did not germinate under all studied treatments in both sites. Moreover, maximum seed germination was recorded for the seeds soaked in cold water for 24 hours and placed in the shade for 48 hours. According to the results of the independent t-test, no significant differences were observed for germination percentage, germination rate, and vigor index in both sites at both 1 and 5% probability levels. In other words, the seeds collected from the exclosure and non-exclosure areas were similar in terms of the mentioned characteristics. However, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and seed moisture content showed significant differences at 1% probability level with higher amount in exclosure area.

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This paper studies the concept of metafiction in Charmshir’s play Dastan-e door vaderaz-e safar-e sultan … be diyar-e farang (1998). Metafiction, as a result of an analytical perspective emerged first in modern novels, attempts to challenge the conventional frame of fictional reference to the reality of the external world as it is suggested in literary Realism. In this type of stories, narrative elements such as plot, character, time, and place are no longer representatives of imagined reality, but they in fact reflect a perpetual conflict between art and reality. However, it can be suggested that reality here is subordinated by the referents of the external world. Linguistically, metalanguage and poetic functions of drama would dominate its object language. The story then will be directed toward its narrative elements as well as its own process of creation. Adaptation and meta-historiographyare some of the other features of this style of writing stories which is associated with parody and irony. Charmshir’s play is not really a narrative of the king’s long journey to Europe;rather it is a challenge for the playwright to realize a metafictional probability in form of a postmodern drama. This play is an artwork about the process of building an alternative story and is a new exploration on narrative facts.The elements such as characters, structure, plot, the authority of the narrator, and the style of narrative are no longer the hidden parts of drama in the representation of the story and meaning;in fact, they are the story in itself. The foregrounding of language here is an ironic reference to literary and dramatic texts while it is a fictional device for fabricating history and manipulating data by which the reader expects to receive narrative information. This studyunravels new aspects of narrative structure in Iraniandrama using an analytic-descriptive approach.

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Induction heating is widely used in metal industry for melting or heating thin slabs in a continuous casting plant. The wide application is based on good efficiency, high production rate and non-polluting conditions. For designing a parallel resonant induction heating system, calculating the capacitance for the resonant circuit is important, because its value affects resonance frequency, output power, power quality factor, heating efficiency and power factor. In this paper, phase controlled rectifier and H-bridge inverter are modeled. Then a method of finding an optimal value for the capacitance under voltage constraint is presented. This value is selected for maximizing output power of an induction heater, while minimizing the power loss of capacitor at the same time. For this purpose, the role of equivalent series resistance in the choice of capacitance value is significantly recognized. In this regard, the heating coil and the load of induction heating are modeled at first, and then the optimal value of capacitance is selected. Finally a complete model of heater and its power is simulated and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

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The aim of the present study was to identify the phytoplankton species which producing domoic acid and okadaic acid toxins in coastal waters of Banar Abbas city, and to determine the concentration of domoic acid and okadaic acid toxins in water and shellfish samples.Water sampling was performed in winter 2015 and summer 2016 from coastal areas overlooking the discharge of municipal and industrial effluents. Shellfish were collected from the coasts of Bandar Abbas and Bandar-e- Lengeh. Phytoplankton toxins were measured by kit method and instrumental analysis based on ELIZA method.Pseudonitzschia delicatissima, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens and Pseudo-nitzschia seriata were identified in the production of domoic acid, while Dinophysis caudate and Prorocentrum Lima were recorded as okadaic acid producers in the coastal waters of Bandar Abbas. Water-soluble okadaic acid showed significantly higher concentrations than domoic acid. Instudied shellfish samples (Circenita callipyga, Barbatia candida, Telescopium telescopiumandThalessa savignyi), the measured concentrations of okadaic acid ranged from 59.8 ± 2.38 to 121.96 ± 28.25 μg / kg. This value for domoic acid was from 0.85 to 83.59 ± 38.72 μg / kg.Compared to the guideline values, the observed concentrations of okadaic acid and domoic acid toxins in the studied shellfish were lower than the allowable level.  But this value was recorded for the water-soluble domoic acid above the allowable value, which requires continuous monitoring to achieve the quantitative and qualitative pattern of phytoplankton toxins in order to support the safety of the marine ecosystem users in Hormozgan province.

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In this study, the possibility of including probiotic starter cultures for making yoghurt was investigated. Set yoghurts were made using three bio-cultures, all containing Bifido-bacterium spp.. The effects of these starter cultures and total solids (i.e. addition of 0, 1 and 2% skim milk powder) on the rheological and sensory characteristics of the bio-yoghurts were compared with a standard starter culture (CH1) on the day of production (Day 0) and after 7 and 14 days storage at 4oC. The rheological properties were evaluated using a Universal Texture Analyser and sensory analyses were carried out using a five point hedonic scale. The results of texture studies showed that the type of starter culture had a significant effect on the rheological parameters including hardness, springiness, co-hesiveness, adhesiveness, chewiness and gumminess (P<0.05). It was also concluded that addition of skim milk powder (at the levels tested) did not change the hardness and springiness significantly, while adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were statistically different at P<0.05. The results of sensory analysis indicated that the overall acceptance of bio-yoghurts was higher compared with the control. The higher sen-sory and textural scores of bio-yoghurts as well as their potential therapeutic effects may well be encouraging for the Iranian dairy industry.

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Aims: A strong association has been documented between diabetes mellitus (DM) and oral diseases. Since dental clinicians are mainly responsible for the oral health of the general population, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of dental students in Tehran regarding the oral health of diabetic patients.
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a researcher-designed questionnaire with 3 domains and 32 questions (5 demographic, 21 knowledge, and 6 practice questions) was used for data collection. After assessing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, 130 senior dental students attending Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Shahed, and Islamic Azad University dental schools were requested to fill it out. Data were analyzed by the linear regression model using SPSS version 20.
Findings: The mean age of the participants was 24.6±2.47 years. The response rate was 94%. Half of the students were females (n=70, 53%). The mean knowledge and practice scores of the students were 15.29±2.32 out of 21, and 4±1.19 out of 6, respectively. The students with a higher grade point average score acquired higher knowledge and attitude scores (p=0.00). A significant inverse correlation was found between the practice and the age of students (p=0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate the moderate level of knowledge and practice of dental students in Tehran regarding the oral health of diabetic patients. Educational interventions and revision of dental curricula may enhance the knowledge and practice of dental students in this respect.
 

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To improve the behavior of building structures subjected to lateral loads, such as wind and earthquake excitations, tuned mass damper (TMD) has been used extensively theoretically and experimentally in previous researches. To increase the effectiveness of TMD mechanism, different methods have been proposed to determine the optimal values of TMD parameters including its mass, stiffness and damping. In using single TMD on the structures subjected to external vibrations, the mistuning of TMD, variation of TMD damping and changes in structural dynamic characteristics cause significant reduction in the effectiveness of TMD. Multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) have been proposed to overcome the shortcomings of single TMD where each TMD has different dynamic characteristics. Based on the results of different researches, it has been concluded that the performance of MTMDs is less sensitive to uncertainty of structural dynamic parameters than that of a single TMD. In the previous researches, for designing MTMDs on the linear structures subjected to various external excitations, several methods have been proposed based on different kinds of design criteria. In most of the proposed methods, to simplify the design procedure of MTMDs, some limitations such as identical masses and damping ratios for TMDs or uniform distribution for the frequency or damping of TMDs have been considered. Also these methods require extensive numerical analysis. To generalize the design problem of MTMDs, in this paper, an effective method has been proposed for optimal design of MTMDs on the multi-degree-offreedom linear structures subjected to any desired excitation. In this method, an optimization problem is defined for designing the optimal MTMDs. The minimization of the maximum displacement of structure is considered as objective function and the parameters of TMDs are considered as variables. Since the design problem includes a large number of variables, hence, in this paper, it has been decided to use Genetic Algorithm (GA) for solving the optimization problem. To illustrate the procedure of the proposed method and also to assess the effectiveness of MTMDs in improving the seismic behavior of structures, a ten–storey linear shear building frame was subjected to white noise excitation and for different values of TMDs mass ratio and TMDs number, optimal MTMDs were designed for minimizing the maximum displacement of structure. To focus on the main objective of this paper and avoid the complexity of the problem, TMDs were located on the top floor in parallel configuration. The results of numerical simulations showed the capability of GA in solving complex MTMDsdesign problem with a large number of variables as well as the simplicity of the method under any desired external excitation. Also it was concluded that increasing of the mass ratio of TMDs could improve the effectiveness of MTMDs. To assess the performance of optimal MTMDs under other earthquakes, which are different in characteristics with design record, optimal structure-MTMDs was tested under near-fault and far-fault earthquakes and the results have been reported.

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Criticism of new historicism has been formed in opposition to traditional historicism. Contrary to traditional historicism, which speaks of the one-sided influence of history on literature, new historicism believes in the mutual influence of literature and history on each other. The story of Bahram and Golandam is one of the remarkable poems in Kurdish literature, which are called "Beit". Beits are syllable-weighted folktales recited by beit readers. It can be said that there are some similarities between the stories of Bahram and Golandam and Zal and Rudabeh. Therefore, it is possible to measure these two stories with each other. In this research, relying on library and documentary studies and with an analytical-comparative approach, we have tried to give a reading of the two stories in question based on the concepts of new historicism. The findings show that although both stories are apparently romantic and the conflicts are about love and marriage; But inside the story, power and discourse interests are fundamental issues. Every discourse tries to maintain its political and social interests.
 

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Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) is the major cause of triggering sudden cardiac death (SCD). Efficient prediction of ventricular fibrillation is very important for clinical purpose, as this is the most serious cardiac rhythm disturbance and can be life threatening. A reliable predictor of an imminent episode of VF, could be incorporated in an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) would be capable of delivering preventive therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of predicting VF from surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signal by beat to beat tracing of the signal and using a dynamic thresholding method. As VF arises from the lower pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles), it is expected to find some changes in the ventricular activity part of the ECG signal before its occurrence. In this paper, we focused on the T-wave of ECG signal which shows the repolarization of ventricles and tried to present an online predictor by finding an entropy-based pattern in T-waves of ECG signal that can effectively maps the irregularity of this wave before VF. We have also used an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method to reduce the high frequency noises of T-waves before predictive index extraction in each beat. We found that proposed predictive pattern can be considered as a useful index for probability occurrence of VF. It reached the sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 95% in online VF prediction method. Presented method is simple, computationally fast and has high prediction quality and hence is well suited for real time implementation.  

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In this study, a comprehensive assessment of the occurrence and spatial distribution of heavy metals including Nickel, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium and Chromium, as well as, TPHs in the surface sediments of the coastal areas and far from the coast of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr and Khuzestan provinces were performed to identify the possible sources of sediment contamination and determining the degree of pollution. Eight pollution indices were used to evaluate the quality of sediments in terms of heavy metal and TPH pollution. The investigated areas could be distinguished by a significant degree of heavy metal pollution of Nickel, Cadmium and Zinc. High concentrations of Nickel and Zinc were observed in stations around Nakhiloo, Bushehr. The comparison of average pollution indices between regions showed that both Bushehr and Khuzestan provinces, respectively, with the average of contamination degree (CD) (20.25 and 22.11), modified contamination degree (MCD) (3.38 and 3.69), pollution load index (PLI) (31.17 and 57.57), potential ecological risk index (PERI) (353.54 and 349.39) have a significant degree and risk of Nickel and Cadmium pollution, especially in Nakhiloo area, Bushehr. Investigating the spatial fluctuations of the concentration of TPHs in two provinces showed an increasing trend from Bushehr to Khuzestan. However, areas were located in no pollution or low pollution zonation and were safe from the adverse biological effects of TPHs. Comprehensive and impressive strategies to control and reduce these pollutions, especially in polluted areas, should be considered, so that the sources of these pollutions be managed.
 

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These days biosensors have worthy applications in different fields such as biomedicine, disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, various aspects of the environment, food control, drug production, and assorted sides of medical science. Recently, different types of biosensors such as enzyme biosensors, immune, tissue, DNA, and thermal biosensors have been studied precisely by some research groups. These biosensors have many advantages such as simplicity in implementation, very high sensitivity, automatic performance, intrinsic and natural small size. Another valuable benefit of biosensors is that their high-affinity paring with biomolecules allows sensitive (high-sensitivity) and selective detection from a wide range of analytes. Artificial intelligence (AI) due to its high potency, if combined with biotechnology, like biosensors, can be effective in accurate prediction, diagnosis and treatment of some diseases, including cancer. Today, Machine learning (ML) as one of the branches of AI has become a beneficial tool in analyzing and categorizing obtained data from biosensors for bioanalysis. Using ML algorithms automates the complicated processes of extraction, processing, and assaying data achieved from biosensors. This article is a review for introducing and survey of various biosensors, their applications, and ways to apply them, focusing on cancer and Covid19 which are important diseases in the world obtained from previous studies, as a summary and providing information for researchers which working in this field.
 

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Pomegranate is an important Iranian-native fruit, with many varieties cultivated. Although the volume of data on the importance of pomegranates in human nutrition has increased tremendously in the last years, the physical properties of the pomegranate fruit during fruit maturity have not yet been studied in detail. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate changes in physical characteristics of six pomegranate fruits in three different stages from fruit set to ripening. Physical characteristics of pomegranate fruit including length to diameter ratio of fruit and calyx, peel and aril percentage, juice weight and percentage in a whole fruit in ‘Aghaye’ (A), ‘Faroogh’ (F), ‘Rabbab-e-Fars’ (RF), ‘Shahvare’ (S), ‘Shirin-e-Bihaste’ (SB) and ‘Shirin-e-Mohali’ (SM) were investigated. Different topologies of the artificial neural network were examined. Among different structures, a multilayer feed forward neural network based on 15 neurons in the single hidden layer with transfer function of tangent hyperbolic both in hidden layer and output layer and Levenberg-Marquardt learning rule was found to be the best model for predicting the physical characteristics of pomegranate fruit from the different cultivars. Results indicated that artificial neural network provides a prediction method with high accuracy. The correlation coefficients in the prediction of these physical characteristics were higher than 0.89.

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Rheological properties of chocolate are important in manufacturing process for obtaining high-quality products with well-defined texture and are directly influenced by composition and their refining time. Soy protein benefits from nutritional and functional properties to be used in different foods. Effects of different replacement levels of skim milk powder by soy flour, (from 0 to 100%) and ball mill refining time (105 and 135 minutes) on particle size and rheological properties of compound chocolate were investigated. Considering four rheological models, it was found that compound chocolate behaved as a Casson fluid .Overall, the results indicated that Casson plastic viscosity values ranged between 1.36 and 5.47 (Pa s) and replacing skim milk powder with soy flour led to a significant (P< 0.05) increase in Casson plastic viscosity in either of the refining time treatments. Casson plastic viscosity and apparent viscosity also increased for all the replacement levels with increase in refining time from 105 to 135 minutes. Values of Casson yield ranged from 11.23 to 38.88 (Pa). By replacing soy flour, Casson yield value increased significantly (P<0.05). Casson yield value also increased with increase in refining time in samples containing only skim milk powder, but it decreased in samples containing soy flour.

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The effect of edible polysaccharide coating of Aloe vera and a packaging on physicochemical and biological properties of barberries during storage was examined. Barberries were treated with edible polysaccharide coating through immersion method and packaged under 0, 6 and 21% of oxygen concentration and maintained at 20 ºC for 12 weeks. During storage, moisture content, anthocyanin, color components and microbial characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that the effect of Aloe vera coating and packaging type on physicochemical and biological characteristics of barberries could be noticeable during storage time. Coating and packaging would reduce moisture loss, anthocyanin, brightness and redness. The number of aerobic microorganisms and amounts of mold and yeast in the samples treated with edible coating and packaging showed to be less than the control group during storage. Lastly, the results showed that coating with 10% of Aloe vera and vacuum packaging would further maintain color and anthocyanin, the main components of barberries.