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Showing 30 results for Molaei
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Trissolcus vassilievi (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is one of the most important egg parasitoids of the common sunn pest (CSP), Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in Iran. In this study, the fitness of two populations of T. vassilievi was studied on two populations of hosts in terms of life history parameters. Two populations of T. vassilievi were selected: 1/ Tabriz (as a temperate area), and 2/ Varamin (as a subtropical area), as well as for CSP. Moreover, regarding that outcrossing between populations can produce progeny with superior characteristics, the progeny of reciprocal crosses between original populations also were examined on a single host. The crosses between the two populations caused 13.9-18.5% higher net fecundity than maternal populations which suggests fecundity to be a function of maternal phenotype. The intrinsic rate of increase showed minor differences among treatments which varied between 0.291±0.003 to 0.305±0.003. The partial advantage of the Varamin wasps over the Tabriz ones and the crosses over the original populations was obvious. Such differences may be used to obtain more efficient parasitoids in augmentation programs.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2021)
Abstract
One of the constant concerns of urban design circles is to search and analyze the causes of the failure of urban development projects. In other words, the question is usually asked why such projects, which are sometimes based on theories and by the elites of the profession, have not led to the production of desirable products in practice? Exploration and analysis of the causes of failure of urban design projects and the very high importance of time and how to implement the plan in these projects, caused the attention of experts to the urban design process, because it seemed that the solution to this problem in the causal relationship between Process quality and product quality. Also, some researchers introduce criteria and indicators affecting the feasibility of urban design, the most important of which, which are also addressed in this study, can be planning and design factors, factors Managerial, economic factors, social and cultural factors, legal factors, ethical factors mentioned. This research is a review of articles and theories in this field.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (summer 2021)
Abstract
The Iranian-Islamic city is a city based on Islamic rules, ethics and spirituality. Islamic spirituality is one of the spiritual stages of human beings, which has a high position in human perfection from the perspective of Shiite thought. Spirituality in Islamic thought which prevail in religious, devotional and prayer spaces can be perceived and received. With this description, the purpose of this article is to recognize the place of spirituality in the identity of Iranian-Islamic cities. The present study is descriptive-analytic and data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The findings of this study show that addressing spirituality can be effective through adherence to Islamic ethics, celebrating religious rites and rituals, developing religious spaces to promote spirituality and spiritual spaces in Iranian Islamic cities. Spirituality in Iranian-Islamic cities can be manifested in events, activities and collective and individual behaviors and morals which govern them, or in the natural and artificial environment and physical space and buildings that have been built based on Islamic rules. In a way that every newcomer feels this in the city and in addition contributes to the spiritual growth of human beings. Respect for morality and adherence to Islamic principles such as the rights of God, the rights of the soul, the rights of other human beings, the rights of nature can lead to the formation of lasting spirituality.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (fall 2022)
Abstract
Background: Entrance spaces are one of the most important parts of buildings, public utility complexes and cities, which in addition to the function of traffic, control and supervision, show the identity of that complex. In the past, most of the cities and public buildings in the entrances included entrances with distinctive and visual and cultural identities derived from the native background. Nowadays, some public complexes, such as universities, have a design entrance, and many buildings and complexes lack quality without an entrance or entrance portal.
Failure to pay attention to the necessity of designing and constructing the entrance gate and its qualitative requirements in the development of public utilities is a problem of this research.
Objectives: Therefore, the present article aims to explain the position of the entrance gate in the identity of public buildings and the do's and don'ts of designing them and examining the relevant criteria in the desirability of Tabriz University gates.
Method: This article has been done with descriptive and analytical research method and field survey with interpretive strategy and logical reasoning and interdisciplinary studies and with library and documentary study methods.
Result: The results indicate that the entrance space is the main and inseparable element of the building, especially public complexes, and the larger the scale and generality of the user, the more prominent, appropriate and distinctive the entrance needs. In designing the entrances, it is better to use the background ideas of the circuit related to the culture and function and the relevant native environment. In this regard, it is necessary to pay attention to the qualities of efficiency, responsiveness, readability, socialization and event management, memory and symbolic and symbolic aspect. The results of the field study indicate that in general, in terms of experts, safety and security criteria, identification, strong signs and symbols, and ease of access have a high coefficient of importance in the desirability of ports. The head of technology and information was ranked at the top and the main head of the head was ranked at the bottom, which indicates that the head of technology is relatively high.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Effects of three nutritional levels of beet root molasses, cheese permeate, wheat bran extract, rice bran extract and Sabouraud,s Dextrose Broth (SDB) were evaluated for blastospore production by two isolates of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato. at an interval of 24 h for seven days. Depending on the isolate, maximum blastospore production was obtained in 12% rice bran extract and 20% cheese permeates on the 7th day. Both isolates produced the fewest blastospores in 4% cheese permeate. Virulence of blastospores, produced in liquid media containing beet root molasses, permeate, wheat bran extract and SDB (as control), on third instar larvae of brown tail moth Euproctis chrysorrhoea indicated that there were no significant differences among these nutritional media for either one of the isolates. Considering blastospore quantity and quality in terms of virulence and local accessibility, cheese permeate was found to be the best medium for mass production of B. bassiana blastospores.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Some plant extracts have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Plant based pesticides appear to be an alternative for the synthetic pesticides because of their less dangerous impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the inhibitory activity of Brassica napus water extract on mycelial growth of six phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Phythophtora drechseleri, Pythium aphanidermatum, Verticellium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Gaeumannomyces graminis. Antifungal activity test was performed by disc diffusion method. Concentrations of 100 and 50 ppm had the highest and the lowest inhibitory effects on all studied species respectively. The shoot extract (SE) was significantly exerted higher antifungal activity than root extract (RE). At 100 ppm, V. dahliae (17.02% inhibition by RE) and F. oxysporum (50% inhibition by SE) were the most sensitive species however, R. solani (1.8 and 15%) was the most resistant fungus to both extracts. Active compounds of B. napus extract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phenolic compounds had the highest concentrations in extracts and are probably the main cause of the mycelial growth inhibition. Application of canola aqueous extract or incorporation of canola in crop rotation program can be considered as a method for management of some soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi.
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2016)
Abstract
Aim: Addiction to smoking is considered a primary challenge in human communities and has afflicted both the educated and uneducated population. Its prevalence among the educated people involved in the healthcare system of the country is of a particular significance as it negatively influences the entire system. The present research aims to investigate how smoking is correlated with the students’ general health in Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The present cross-sectional research was conducted on 600 students affiliated with Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences selected through a proportionate sampling method in 2016. The data collection instrument was a standardized trip-artite questionnaire comprised of demographic information, smoking status and general health items. SPSS (ver. 16) was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) as well as Chi-squared test and Spearman’s correlation test. The level of significance was set at p˂.05.
Findings: The mean age of the participants was 21.14±2.33 years, 51.5% of the participants aged ≤20 years while 48.5% were above 20 years of age. Statistically significant correlations were estimated between age, place of residence, sex and smoking (p˂0.001). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the field of study and smoking (p=0.44). The same was true for marital status and smoking (p=0.318). Smoking and general health showed to be significantly correlated (p˂0.001).
Conclusion: Consideration of non-native students’ problems, providing for their welfare and convenience, the authorities’ supervision of non-dormitory residents, and adding anti-smoking content to the educational materials and formal teaching can all contribute to the reduction of smoking in this susceptible population.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (spring 2024)
Abstract
Objectives: During the last century, the spread of epidemics such as Sars, Ebola, and especially Corona, have fueled many crises in the world arena. In dealing with such urban crises, dealing with the category of resilience of cities against epidemics can be helpful. For this purpose, the aim of this research is to know the urban epidemiological dimension, its components and indicators and its relationship with urban resilience based on the ecological triangle model in urban environments.
Methods: Using the library method, this research examines different dimensions of meaning, approach, capacity, determining factors and characteristics in the field of resilience to the intersection of this category with pandemic crises.
Findings: The research findings indicate that disease-causing factors can be activated or deactivated under the influence of the environment and urbanization process. With regard to the capacities of resilient cities, it is possible to plan and design city-building physical measures based on the attitude of prevention, containment and control in such a way that cities can survive these crises with the least amount face dysfunction and be able to return to their desired state in the shortest possible time.
Results: Based on the results, physical activity, diet, mental health, health care systems, social distancing, infection control, and promotion of urban patrimony are criteria that can affect epidemiological resilience under the influence of the city's body.
Volume 5, Issue 2 (summer 2024)
Abstract
Description: City as a text and urban design as the language of text creation, the constructive dimensions of the city are categorized into two levels: superstructure and deep structure. The superstructure of the city is the result of mental and internal deep constructions. Superstructure has no meaning without regard to deep structure.
Purpose: The current research aims to extract the components that influence the language of the city pattern, and seeks to find out what are the deep structural components of the language of the urban design pattern?
Method: The research has been done by descriptive analytical method and library studies.
Findings: The superstructure patterns identified in the research are mass-space pattern, usage and function pattern, and view pattern. Also, the identified dimensions of deep structures were studied in this research and the independent variables of each dimension that affect the superstructure patterns were identified. In total, 24 independent variables were discovered from urban deep structures and 45 dependent variables were discovered from the set of superstructures.
Conclusion: The most important dimension shaping the settlement is the cultural dimension, followed by the environmental dimension. Also, some superstructure patterns are affected by several deep structure dimensions. The independent variables found in this research were presented in the form of a diagram as influencing components on the language of the urban design pattern. As a strategy, it is recommended that the components found in this research be given special attention as a framework for the final design as a guide for the steps from cognitive studies to the presentation of the plan.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (winter 2024)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this article is to extract the components and indicators of Tabriz school of architecture and urban planning with an emphasis on the historical market of Tabriz.
Methods: This research was carried out with the research method of text content analysis and field survey and methods of library and documentary search, observation and photography.
Findings: The school of Tabriz can be found in the ancient history of Tabriz, various arts, historical buildings and spaces, nature and gardens of Tabriz, authentic neighborhoods and passages, the market and its ancient social and cultural aspects, its authentic goods and foods. did This city, which is the birthplace of artists, merchants, scholars and politicians, and many tangible and intangible events and works, the sum of which can express an original school in architecture, urban planning and painting. Tabriz market is one of the pillars of the identity of this city, which is a collection of rows and timchehs and palaces with valuable urban architecture and design representing the economic, social, and native architecture foundations. This complex has a stable economic life due to being on the international silk trade route, a special social and cultural cohesion that is considered a social capital, and the secrets of urban planning and design that can be relearned for the current state of cities.
Conclusion: Unlike the markets of Tehran, Isfahan, Kashan, which have a linear structure with fewer branches, the market of Tabriz is a network consisting of rows and nodes in the form of teams, timcheh, sera, and mosque and with many branches. It continues to exist as an efficient system in economic, social, climatic dimensions and with a high diversity of activities and economy with a complex order. A deep understanding of the identity-building aspects of Tabriz market in different cultural, economic, social, functional, physical, natural and landscape dimensions can help to protect it in the current and future situation.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
A total of ten isolates of fungi with Rhizoctonia-like mycelia were obtained from infected roots and stems of Pistachio Pistacia vera grown in a commercial nursery in Rafsanjan, Iran, during the autumn of 2011. The infected seedlings showed symptoms of chlorosis that later turned to necrosis. All of the isolates were identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia on the basis of hyphal characteristics and nuclear number. They were tested for detection of the anastomosis group, optimum growth temperature, rDNA-ITS region traits and pathogenicity on pistachio seedlings in vitro and in vivo. The analysis of hyphal anastomosis reaction was carried out with the tester isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A, AG-Ba, AG-G and AG-F as well as multinucleate Rhizoctonia AG4 as already detected on pistachio seedlings. The optimum temperature for growth of binucleate Rhizoctonia sp.was 35 °C. In in vivo test, the symptoms of root rot were observed 30 days after inoculation and mortality happened two weeks thereafter. According to molecular characteristics and anastomosis test groups, all isolates showed greatest similarity to anastomosis group AG-F. This finding is the first report of anastomosis group F (AG-F) of binucleate Rhizoctonia, as causal agent of root and stem rot disease of pistachio in the world and Iran.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) implies one’s inevitable inhale of smoke within a polluted environment. The present Study aimed to investigate the extent to which Hormozgan province residents were exposed to ETS.
Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, a sample of 3962 residents of Hormozgan province (Urban-rural) was selected through a stratified clustering method and entered the study. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire developed by the researcher which was comprised of two sections. The first section contained demographic information and also enquired about subject’s exposure to ETS as well as the smoking site. Chi-squared test and binary regression were used. The collected data were analyzed via SPSS 19.0.
Findings: 984 subjects (24.8%) were exposed to ETS and women were significantly more exposed to ETS than men (p<0.001). The most probable sites of exposure to ETS were found to be respectively home (52.6%), public places (25.5%) and workplace (21.9%). The highest degree of exposure to ETS was found in Bashagard County (69.6%) while the lowest degree showed to belong to Khamir (14.1%). A statistically significant correlation was found between exposure to ETS and age (p<0.001) and education level (p<.019).
Conclusion: Awareness raising towards the hazards of ETS, warning against smoking indoors, monitoring how anti-smoking rules are applied in public places and workplace, the formation of domestic anti-smoking campaigns, informing the youth through mass media especially women and teenagers are all suggested to cut down on exposure to ETS.
Materials & Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, a sample of 3962 residents of Hormozgan province (Urban-rural) was selected through a stratified clustering method and entered the study. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire developed by the researcher which was comprised of two sections. The first section contained demographic information and also enquired about subject’s exposure to ETS as well as the smoking site. Chi-squared test and binary regression were used. The collected data were analyzed via SPSS 19.0.
Findings: 984 subjects (24.8%) were exposed to ETS and women were significantly more exposed to ETS than men (p<0.001). The most probable sites of exposure to ETS were found to be respectively home (52.6%), public places (25.5%) and workplace (21.9%). The highest degree of exposure to ETS was found in Bashagard County (69.6%) while the lowest degree showed to belong to Khamir (14.1%). A statistically significant correlation was found between exposure to ETS and age (p<0.001) and education level (p<.019).
Conclusion: Awareness raising towards the hazards of ETS, warning against smoking indoors, monitoring how anti-smoking rules are applied in public places and workplace, the formation of domestic anti-smoking campaigns, informing the youth through mass media especially women and teenagers are all suggested to cut down on exposure to ETS.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Aims: In modern communities, smoking is one of the most important causes of illness, disability, and premature death. It is regarded as a pervasive health problem in the world. The risk of death in the tobacco consumers is 80-90% higher than ordinary people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior on the reduction of water pipe smoking in women.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on women over 15 years in Bandar Abbas who smoke water pipe at least once per day in 2015. The subjects were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from four health centers and randomly divided into intervention (N=64) and control (N=64) groups. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior constructs and demographic information before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test.
Findings: Before intervention, the mean score of behavioral intention and subjective norms had no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05), but after intervention a significant difference was observed between two groups (p<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between before and after intervention in control group (p>0.05), but in intervention group the mean score of research variables significantly increased after intervention compared to before intervention (p<0.0.001).
Conclusion: Educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior is effective on the reduction of water pipe smoking in women.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on women over 15 years in Bandar Abbas who smoke water pipe at least once per day in 2015. The subjects were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from four health centers and randomly divided into intervention (N=64) and control (N=64) groups. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior constructs and demographic information before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test.
Findings: Before intervention, the mean score of behavioral intention and subjective norms had no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05), but after intervention a significant difference was observed between two groups (p<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between before and after intervention in control group (p>0.05), but in intervention group the mean score of research variables significantly increased after intervention compared to before intervention (p<0.0.001).
Conclusion: Educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior is effective on the reduction of water pipe smoking in women.
Volume 7, Issue 27 (9-2019)
Abstract
The Iranian folk culture originates from ancient time so that Iran can be considered the origin of ancient rituals and beliefs. Kermānshāh province is one of the regions rich in cultural heritage. Therefore, the beliefs of its inhabitants may well reflect the folk culture of this region. In the same vein, as an important element of folk culture and literature, the crystallization of this rich culture in these deeds is highly important and remarkable. By adopting a descriptive-analytical research methodology, the current research investigated the attributes of folk culture and literature in five deeds of Qājār Era in Kermānshāh Province. The results indicate that these texts are the best indicator to observe people's thoughts during Qājār period and can be clearly seen in the reflections of folk culture and literature. The expressions of professions, instruments, weight and quantity, titles, curse and prayer, measurement and religious rituals are among the material and spiritual elements that have been analyzed, identified and investigated in these deeds.
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Winter 2020)
Abstract
Aims: It has been shown that hope plays an important role to recovery process from illness and has strong psychological benefits for patients to cope more effectively with their disease. The purpose of this study was the prediction of hope based on forgiveness and religious beliefs among leukemia patients.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 205 volunteer leukemia patients who were admitted in Tehran hospitals in 2018. Patients were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), and The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Date were analyzed by SPSS 23 software using Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis.
Findings: There was a positive significant correlation between forgiveness (r=0.552) and religious beliefs (r=0.182) with hope (p<0.01). Also 30.6% of variance of hope was explained by religious beliefs and forgiveness (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Forgiveness and religious beliefs are predictor factors of hope in leukemia patients.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 205 volunteer leukemia patients who were admitted in Tehran hospitals in 2018. Patients were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), and The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS). Date were analyzed by SPSS 23 software using Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis.
Findings: There was a positive significant correlation between forgiveness (r=0.552) and religious beliefs (r=0.182) with hope (p<0.01). Also 30.6% of variance of hope was explained by religious beliefs and forgiveness (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Forgiveness and religious beliefs are predictor factors of hope in leukemia patients.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Histopathological study is one of the most appropriate ways to evaluate the effects of contaminants in aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes and histopathological alternation index (HAI) in liver tissue of Pomadasys kaakan and Lutjanus johnii in the Oman Sea.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 18 number Pomadasys kaakan and Lutjanus johnii were captured from there stations Ramin, Konarak and Haft Tir by gillnet in winter 2016. In order to study the type and severity of tissue lesions, liver tissue of both fish species were performed fixation stages in Bowen's solution, tissue processing in tissue processing device, paraffin impression, tissue sections 4-5 microns thickness with microtome, stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Findings: Tissue lesions observed in fish livers included hepatocyte vacuolization, enlargement of sinusoid, adipose cell accumulation, blood congestion, nuclear pyknosis, hemorrhage and necrosis. Tissue lesions observed in the liver of both fish species were higher in Haft-Tir station and lower in Ramin station than in other stations. Histopathological alternation index in liver tissue of both fish species were higher in Haft-tire station than in the other two stations.
Conclusion: Due to the high traffic of the Haf-Tir dock and its close proximity to other docks in the area, the accumulation of pollutants at this station is more and to cause more severe tissue lesions in fish.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to assess the relationship between environmental variables (physiographic and soil) and distribution of Artemisia melanolepis and A. aucheri to find the most effective factors on the distribution of these species southeast faced slopes of Sabalan Mt., in the northwest of Iran.
Materials & Methods: 4 sites with the distribution of the genus Artemisia (site with the presence of Artemisia species) and four sites with the absence of 2 Artemisia species were selected. In each site, five transects with a length of 100m (50 one square meter plots) with random- systematically method was established, and the density of Artemisia species and land cover parameters (including percent of litter, stone and gravel, total canopy cover, and bare soil) were recorded in each plot. Seventy-two soil samples were collected from 0-15cm depth. Sampling was conducted from May to July 2015 in the pick growing stage. One-way ANOVA and Canonical Discriminate Analyses (CDA) were used for data analyses.
Finding: The ANOVA and mean comparison results showed that all selected environmental variables except total canopy cover and bare soil had significant differences (p<0.01). The results of CDA showed that two functions justified 76.6 and 23.4 percent, respectively, and 100% of the data variance. Finally, 97.3% of the grouped cases were classified correctly. The elevation, potassium, slope, aspect, stone, and gravel were primarily the most effective factors in the first function in the discrimination of the Artemisia species. Some parameters such as sand, silt, electrical conductivity, total neutralizing value, water-dispersible clay, organic matter, pH, total canopy cover, litter, and bare soil were second effective factors in the discrimination of sites and distribution of Artemisia species.
Conclusion: Although physiography and soil variables affected the establishment of Artemisia species and showed significant differences between the three discriminated groups; however, the degree of importance of physiographic parameters is more significant than soil factors.
Materials & Methods: 4 sites with the distribution of the genus Artemisia (site with the presence of Artemisia species) and four sites with the absence of 2 Artemisia species were selected. In each site, five transects with a length of 100m (50 one square meter plots) with random- systematically method was established, and the density of Artemisia species and land cover parameters (including percent of litter, stone and gravel, total canopy cover, and bare soil) were recorded in each plot. Seventy-two soil samples were collected from 0-15cm depth. Sampling was conducted from May to July 2015 in the pick growing stage. One-way ANOVA and Canonical Discriminate Analyses (CDA) were used for data analyses.
Finding: The ANOVA and mean comparison results showed that all selected environmental variables except total canopy cover and bare soil had significant differences (p<0.01). The results of CDA showed that two functions justified 76.6 and 23.4 percent, respectively, and 100% of the data variance. Finally, 97.3% of the grouped cases were classified correctly. The elevation, potassium, slope, aspect, stone, and gravel were primarily the most effective factors in the first function in the discrimination of the Artemisia species. Some parameters such as sand, silt, electrical conductivity, total neutralizing value, water-dispersible clay, organic matter, pH, total canopy cover, litter, and bare soil were second effective factors in the discrimination of sites and distribution of Artemisia species.
Conclusion: Although physiography and soil variables affected the establishment of Artemisia species and showed significant differences between the three discriminated groups; however, the degree of importance of physiographic parameters is more significant than soil factors.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Experienced bodily sensation with basic emotions seems to be a universal phenomenon, but
cross-cultural differences are expected. This study was designed to determine the topographic map of changes across six basic emotions and anxiety in a sample of Iranian people and to compare their perception of emotion-related bodily changes by sex.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 Iranians aged 16-55 years. The Persian pencil and paper version of the emBODY application was used and validated during the study. The results were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using generalized linear models to determine the relationship between gender and emotion sensation in 5 main body areas and three main facial parts.
Findings: Anxiety was the most common reported basic emotion, and anger, fear, sadness, joy, surprise, and disgust, respectively, were identified basic emotions in both sexes. GLMs were significant (p<0.05) for bodily sensation changes in the head and neck, upper body, upper and lower limbs, and all three main facial parts. Results also showed a significant gender difference in lower limbs (p<0.05).
cross-cultural differences are expected. This study was designed to determine the topographic map of changes across six basic emotions and anxiety in a sample of Iranian people and to compare their perception of emotion-related bodily changes by sex.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 Iranians aged 16-55 years. The Persian pencil and paper version of the emBODY application was used and validated during the study. The results were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using generalized linear models to determine the relationship between gender and emotion sensation in 5 main body areas and three main facial parts.
Findings: Anxiety was the most common reported basic emotion, and anger, fear, sadness, joy, surprise, and disgust, respectively, were identified basic emotions in both sexes. GLMs were significant (p<0.05) for bodily sensation changes in the head and neck, upper body, upper and lower limbs, and all three main facial parts. Results also showed a significant gender difference in lower limbs (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggested the consistency of distinct emotion-triggered bodily sensation maps of Iranians with universal patterns.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Obesity is one of the most serious health issues in the world. Various factors such as shift work are known as potential risk factors for obesity. Thus this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the associations between shift work and Mean Body Mass Index (BMI).
Information & Methods: In October 2020, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Barakat, IranDoc, and Civilica databases were searched for observational studies in which the relations between the styles of shift works and obesity were investigated. The random-effect model was used to derive the BMI. Subgroup meta-analyses for the study design, particular forms of obesity, and shift work pattern characteristics were performed.
Findings: The search resulted in 580 documents, of which 217 articles were identified as eligible papers for the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled Standard Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for shift work rather than day work was 0.082 (ranging from 0.047 to 0.116). Moreover, the results showed that the mean BMI of all of the styles of shift works (Rotation Shift, SMD (95% CI): 0.099 (0.058, 0.141), Night Shift, SMD (95% CI): 0.079 (0.047, 0.11)), except for evening Shift (SMD (95% CI): 0.041 (-0.061 to 0.142)), are higher than day work.
Conclusion: To minimize the harm, companies should provide shift workers with some advice on an appropriate and healthy diet and lifestyle. Companies that provide meals for their employees should consider a different meal plan for shift workers.
Information & Methods: In October 2020, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, SID, Barakat, IranDoc, and Civilica databases were searched for observational studies in which the relations between the styles of shift works and obesity were investigated. The random-effect model was used to derive the BMI. Subgroup meta-analyses for the study design, particular forms of obesity, and shift work pattern characteristics were performed.
Findings: The search resulted in 580 documents, of which 217 articles were identified as eligible papers for the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled Standard Mean Difference (SMD) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for shift work rather than day work was 0.082 (ranging from 0.047 to 0.116). Moreover, the results showed that the mean BMI of all of the styles of shift works (Rotation Shift, SMD (95% CI): 0.099 (0.058, 0.141), Night Shift, SMD (95% CI): 0.079 (0.047, 0.11)), except for evening Shift (SMD (95% CI): 0.041 (-0.061 to 0.142)), are higher than day work.
Conclusion: To minimize the harm, companies should provide shift workers with some advice on an appropriate and healthy diet and lifestyle. Companies that provide meals for their employees should consider a different meal plan for shift workers.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide, owing to its versatility and wide adaptability, and serves as food, animal feed, and raw material for various industrial products. The purpose of the current research was the classification of maize inbred lines in order to produce hybrid seeds based on agro-morphological traits. Each of 100 maize inbred lines was planted in 6 pots as 6 replications and arranged in completely randomized design in an open area near to greenhouse in 2015. The result of the analysis of variance revealed significant differences among lines for all studied traits. The highest correlation was seen between cob’s length and cob’s weight. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that 66.4% of seed yield per plant variation was determined by cob’s length and cob’s weight. Cluster analysis divided inbred lines into 4 groups. The highest Mahalanobis distance (28.07) was observed between cluster 2 and 4. The result of principal component analysis confirmed the calcification by cluster analysis. The genotypes from groups 2 and 4 can be potentially used as parental lines in hybrid varieties production and development of segregating populations.