Showing 34 results for Montazeri
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Issue 3 & 4 - 2013)
Abstract
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Aim: There is conclusive scientific evidence of the adverse effect of excessive salt consumption on health, particularly on blood pressure, leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastric cancer, osteoporosis, cataracts, kidney stones, diabetes and obesity. We investigated the determinants of salt consumption among the rural women in Chabahar (Iran) by applying the theory of planned behavior. Methods: Rural native Chabahari women (n =230), aged 12-75 years old, were selected by multistage sampling via native assistants. Data were gathered through a questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability consisting of TBP constructs (intention, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), as well as demographic characteristics. Bivariate correlations and stepwise regression analyses of TBP model were performed with the SPSS software. Findings: The results showed a significant direct asociation between attitude, subjective norms, percieved behavioral control and intention, and salt consuming behavior, also between attitude (sig.<0.001), subjective norms (sig.<0.01), perceived behavioral control (sig.<0.01), the intention to reduce salt consumption. Subjective norms, attitude and intention together predicted 10.9% of salt consuming behavior. Attitude and perceived behavioral control together predicted approximately 9% of the intention to reduce salt consumption. Conclusion: This study indicated that the theory of planned behavior can be used to predict the salt consuming behavior and the intention of Chabahari rural women. Focus on the family- and community-based educational programs to change attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control is necessary to make women reduce salt consumption.
Volume 2, Issue 2 (6-2017)
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major public health problem worldwide (Croft, Blyth, & van der Windt, 2011). Globally, it has been estimated that 1 in 5 adults suffer from pain and that another 1 in 10 adults are diagnosed with chronic pain each year (Goldberg & McGee, 2011). As such Goldberg and McGee correctly suggested that the high prevalence and incidence of global chronic pain, its substantial and growing comorbidities, and its linkage with many social and economic determinants collectively provide ample justification for regarding pain as a public health priority (Goldberg & McGee, 2011).
A chapter by Foell ‘in Oxford Textbook of Musculoskletal Medicine points out that ‘social’ factors deserve much greater attention in the therapeutic encounter than is usually assumed. Sociosomatic medicine (that is the relationship between the body and the society in which the body is living) is the topic of this chapter; and it is believed that this is distinct from psychosomatic medicine (Hutson & Ward, 2015). In addition several previous studies found that there are a strong relationship between chronic pain and a number of psychosocial determinants such as socioeconomic status, education and race (Roth, Punch, & Bachman 2001, Fuentes, Hart-Johnson & Green, 2007, Green & Hart-Johnson, 2010).
Recently Newman et al reported interesting results from a study among low-income population. Using multiple regression analyses they evaluated the relationships among sociodemographic (sex, age, race, poverty status, literacy, and education level) and psychological (depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing) variables and pain interference, pain severity, and disability. They found that the experience of chronic pain within this low-income sample is better accounted for by psychological factors than sex, age, race, poverty status, literacy, and education level. Depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing mediated the relationships between age and pain variables, while pain catastrophizing mediated the effects of primary literacy and poverty status(Newman et al., 2017).
All these prove that medicalization of chronic pain could not help to overcome the problem unless we understand the psychosocial route of the pain. It seems that poverty, suffering from poor living condition, unfair job, and unequal opportunities all contribute to the ever-increasing condition of chronic pain in the globe. We should eliminate and tackle these social factors to be able to lessen suffering. However, this does not mean that we do not need treatment for chronic pain but to acknowledge that social inequalities are major cause for chronic pain.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (9-2015)
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Volume 3, Issue 4 (Autumn 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Back pain is an important public health problem and the leading cause of adult disability in the worldwide; that is on the rise among the adolescent population. This study concentrated on assessing the back pain, healthy back behavior and its cognitive determinants among 5th–grade girls in Iran.
Instruments & Methods: This was a cross-sectional school-based study conducted in capital Tehran`s region 22, through the convenience sampling of 610 pupils. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess demographic information, back care knowledge, self-efficacy, fear-avoidance beliefs, and behaviours. Descriptive statistical analysis included frequency and percentage. Crosstabs and chi-square tests were used to broadly assess the data related to the presence of back pain and identify factors associated with back pain. The data was analyzed by SPSS.
Findings: In all 610 fifth-grade female elementary school children were entered into the study. The results showed that 23.6% of pupils (n=144) reported back pain during last week. In addition, only 1.8%, 33%, 18.5%, and 31.6% of participants had a high level of the back care knowledge, selfefficacy, belief, and behavior respectively. There was a significant relationship between the back pain and back behavior (P=0.004); and between back pain and self-efficacy (p
Conclusions: This study concluded that healthy back behavior as well as its main determinants should be enhanced among pupils
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to validate the international version of the resilience scale (CYRM-28) among adolescent youth students.
Methods: The first original scale was translated into Persian language by two experts. Then an integrated version of the two was translated to the language of the original version again; then it was ensured that the content of the Persian and English versions' was matched. The Persian version scale was filled in by 412 high school students (270 males and 142 females) in Tehran, who were selected as a random cluster. Regarding the clear scale structure to assess the validity, construct validity was used (confirmatory factor analysis) using the LISREL software version 8.8. In addition, scale reliability was examined using the two methods of internal correlation coefficient and test-retest.
Findings: Fit Index confirmed the resilience scales' fit ness in confirmatory factor analysis. In examining the reliability using the internal correlation calculation method (Cranach’s alpha), the value of each sub-scale item, as well as that of total questions was higher than the standard value of 0.7 to confirm the tool's reliability. In examining the reliability using test-retest method, correlation coefficient of each sub-scale in two steps was at an acceptable level and significant.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed the three-factor structure of CYRM-28 scale, including the individual sub-scale's relationship with the primary caregiver and contextual factors in the Persian version of the scale. This study showed that the reliability and validity of the Persian version of CYRM-28 was suitable for measuring the resilience of Iranian children and youth.
Volume 4, Issue 3 (summer 2019)
Abstract
Aim:LBP in the nursing profession remains an important health issue. This study aims to assess whether a theory-based interactive social media intervention could change job-related risk behaviors among nursing personnel.
Instrument and Methods: This is a community-randomized controlled trial. Three settings of hospitals will randomly be assigned to the study arms: Intervention setting 1 receiving an in-person educational package; intervention setting 2 receiving the same material a web-based, and a control setting receiving nothing. The intervention would contain materials related to occupational risk behaviors and will try to promote the knowledge, attitude, skill, and self-efficacy of nurses on low back pain (LBP) preventive behaviors. The primary outcome will be reduction in low back pain. The study also will assess whether the intervention could reduce pain-related disability and improve the quality of life.
Discussion:Occupational (LBP) among nurses could adversely affect both patients’ and nurses’ health. This study is an attempt to see if social media could play a role to guide the development and implementation of future interventions.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (summer 2020)
Abstract
Aim: Back pain is one of the most important public health problems among students especially among who carrying backpack to school. The aim of this study was to assess healthy spine-related behavior among these students.
Instruments and Method: A descriptive study was conducted on a random sample of students attending public elementary schools in Tehran, Iran. The students completed a questionnaire containing items on cognitive abilities sections of knowledge, outcome expectation beliefs, self- efficacy companied with a checklist to assess their skills on back care behaviors. The last section was about items regarding back care behaviors. All collected data entered to SPSS version 24 and analyzed.
Findings: In all, 204 students were entered into the study. The Mean (SD) of knowledge, Outcome expectation beliefs, Self- efficacy, Skills and Back care behaviors were as 4.71 ±1.40; 20.48 ± 6.44; 13.89 ± 4.44; 65.84 ± 16.16; and 20.94 ± 6.65 respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the probably influencing factors on back care behaviors were not in optimal status. Accordingly, doing multi-central causative studies to confirm the results is strongly recommended.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Aims: Self-efficacy is an important predictor of spine-related behavior among adults. This article aimed to assess the self-efficacy toward healthy spine-related behavior among schoolchildren in Iran.
Method and Materials: A cross-sectional study was done in region 22 of capital Tehran, Iran , through a simple random sampling method. In this regard, 104 schoolchildren participated in the study. To collect data, a self-reported questionnaire was used. Descriptive/ analytical statistical analysis was applied. Chi-square test was used to obtain relationship between self-efficacy and participants characterizes. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 24.
Findings: In all, 104 female elementary schoolchildren who were studying in 5th grade participated in this study. The findings demonstrated that the rate of back pain during last week was 23.1% (n=24). Only, 16.3% (n=17) of participants had a high level of self-efficacy. There were significant relationships between father’s job (P=0.019) and presence of back pain (P=0.048) with self-efficacy.
Conclusions: Perceived self-efficacy toward healthy spine-related behavior was needed to be improved among schoolchildren by applying potential change strategies in educational program.
Volume 6, Issue 1 (winter 2021)
Abstract
Aim: The lifetime prevalence of Low Back Pain (LBP) in children and adolescents increases significantly between 12 and 18 years old. It is argued that spinal healthy behavior could prevent from this problem. This study aimed to assess the effective of an training program on spinal care behaviors of female students.
Method and Materials: The present study is a clinical trial study that was performed on 104 fifth grade female students in district 22 of Tehran. Participants entered into the study after learning about the objectives and procedures of the study and were divided into two groups of intervention and control (52 students in each group). Just intervention group were trained regarding skills of backpack carrying. Data were collected at 4 time points of before, immediately, three and six months after training in both groups and analyzed using SPSS software version 24 .
Findings: This study showed that there was significant difference in terms of backpack carrying skill in intervention group compared to other group (p < 0.00). Furthermore, a positive change in back-related behavior was found for the intervention group from pre-test to post test and all follow-up assessments (p<0.001, ηp2=0.25). By contrast, participants of the control group did not experience significant improvement in this regards.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that carrying skill can be improved by skill training of students regarding how to carry backpack correctly. However, it is strongly recommended these kind of researches should be done in future to be able to design more effective studies.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
Aim: Back pain is one of the arising musculoskeletal disorders among the children population. The purpose of this study was to compare students’ knowledge about spinal disorders preventive behaviors”
Method and Materials: This study was a school-based clinical trial among 104 fifth grade female students. The intervention group (N = 52) received six training sessions once a week and the control group (N=52) did not receive any intervention. Data was collected using the self-reported questionnaire include demographic information and back care knowledge at baseline, immediately, 3- and 6-months follow-ups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software
version 24. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, independent t-test. repeated measure analysis of variance and Friedman test were applied to evaluate the results. Significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.
Findings: The results demonstrated that there was a significant interaction between ‘group’ and ‘test time’ factors (p < 0.001), with higher score for the intervention group (36.4%improvement for the knowledge test score). By contrast, the control group didn’t have significant higher mean score of knowledge from the pre-test to follow-up assessments.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of intervention on back care related knowledge was demonstrated in this study. Further evaluation is required to examine other determinants of promoting back-related behavior.
Volume 7, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women.The Health Education Campaign (HEC) is an important educational strategy for breast cancer screening. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the (HEC) based training on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women, regarding breast cancer screening methods.
Materials & Methods: This was a pre- and post-quasi-experimental study conducted among 200 women over 20 years in Mazandaran Province. A self-made 34-item questionnaire was used to collect the data. A pretest was performed before the educational intervention and a posttest was conducted 12 weeks after the intervention. The data were analyzed by logistic regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one way ANOVA, using SPSS 22.
Findings: The mean age of the women was 35.16 years. Based on paired t-test, the difference in the mean scores of knowledge and attitudes regarding screening methods in the women was significant (p≤0.0001) before and after the intervention. Also, based on the macnemar test, the difference between the early detection of breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) was significant in the women studied before and after the educational intervention.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the intervention had been able to change the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of women regarding breast cancer and early detection methods.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Aims: Depression during pregnancy has a significant impact on both mother and fetus. This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression and associated factors among primigravid women.
Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 255 pregnant women attending a hospital in Tehran from October 2017 to February 2018. A demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), given to a convenient sample of primigravid women attending the antenatal clinic, were completed. chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data and SPSS version 22.0 was used for its analysis (p<0.05).
Findings: The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 17.3% (n=255). The results of the t-test and chi-square test showed that depression was significantly associated with age (p=0.008), marriage age (p=0.018), economic status (p=0.050), family history of depression (p<0.001), marital satisfaction (p<0.001), ability to recognize postpartum depression (p=0.019) and attitudes about postpartum depression (p=0.042). Further analysis by logistic regression analysis revealed that family history of depression [AOR=7.89, 95% CI, p=0.002] and less satisfaction with husband [AOR=3.24, 95% CI, p=0.021] was significantly associated with depression.
Conclusion: The findings showed that a high percentage of women were depressed. Also, having a family history of depression and less satisfied with the husband were the strongest factors related to depression. It seems that educational interventions and counseling may need to be conducted on high-risk mothers to promote their mental health status.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Aims: Back pain is one of the most important public health problems. It is on rise among adolescent and pupils’ population. The aim of this study was to assess the relationshipbetween cognitive factors (skills, knowledge, self-efficacy, and expectation beliefs) and back care behavior among pupils.
Method and Materials: A cross sectional study was conducted on a random sample of students attending public elementary schools in Tehran, Iran from October 2018 to March 2019. They completed a questionnaire containing items on cognitive abilities and a checklist to assess their skills on back care behaviors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to find out the contribution of cognitive factors on outcome.
Findings: In all, 204 students were entered into the study. The results revealed that 95.3% of the variance in the back behavior was explained by self-efficacy (β=0.586, t=12.08, P<0.001), expectation beliefs (β=0.232, t= 5.08, P<0.001), and skills (β=0.181, t=4.46, P<0.001).
Conclusion: These results showed that the pupils who had more confident, skills, and expectation beliefs were more likely to do proper back behavior. In this regard, schoolbased back pain prevention interventions should be addressed using key cognitive factors that consider the potential change strategies.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Mass media are among the most important tools for enhancing health information and health promotion in any country. Among the different types of mass media, news agencies are the primary source of health information. The present study examines health coverage in news agencies and implements and evaluates an intervention to improve health promotion news coverage.
Methods: The explanatory sequential mixed-method study includes five phases, including quantitative content analysis of news agencies, semi-structured interviews, intervention, and evaluation of the intervention, and synthesis of the recommendations. Four news agencies utilizing the purposeful sampling method would be selected and divided into two cases and two control groups. Primary outcomes: awareness-raising and enhancing the knowledge, attitude, and performance of health journalists and improving the communication between the media and the health sectors. Secondary outcomes: increasing the quality and quantity of public health (health protection, prevention, education, and promotion) related news agencies coverage. In the Fifth phase, utilizing the results of the four phases, a practical recommendation will be proposed for creating health-promoting media.
Perspective: This result would provide a more holistic approach to understanding the current situation, generating more effective and comprehensive strategies to utilize the potential of news agencies for health promotion and creating health-promoting news agencies.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: Physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of all-cause mortality. This study aimed to assess the impact of a theory-based education on PA among female health volunteers in Iran by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Materials & Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on female health volunteers in Shushtar, Iran, from March to December 2016. One hundred ten participants were selected by purposive sampling, and they were randomized into intervention and control groups based on a 1:1 ratio in a single block. The intervention included three educational sessions and a walking program. A multi-section questionnaire containing items on TPB constructs, the international physical activity questionnaire, and the physiological cost index (PCI- an objective measure of PA) was used to collect the data at baseline and six-month follow-up assessments. Then the data were compared within and between groups using t-test and paired test using SPSS 19 software.
Findings: All 110 ‘Health Volunteers’ (55 in each group) were entered into the study. The mean±SD age of participants was 35.65±10.25 years. The results obtained from the analysis showed that the educational program improved attitude towards PA, perceived behavioral control, intention, behavior, and PCI among the intervention group (p<0.001). However, no significant changes occurred in the control group regarding the study variables (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The TPB-directed educational program improved physical activity and physiological cost index. The study framework might be used as a practical template for interventions aimed at improving physical activity among female health volunteers.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2021)
Abstract
Aims: The high prevalence of Cesarean section (CS) is a global health concern globally, especially in Iran. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) based educational intervention on preventing elective cesareans.
Materials & Methods: An interventional study (NCT02929875) was conducted on a sample of 100 nulliparous pregnant women attending health care centers in Kermanshah, Iran, 2016. Women were randomly selected and assigned into either intervention or control groups on a 1:1 basis. The intervention group received a theory-based (Theory of Planned Behavior) health education intervention, while the control group received only standard care. A questionnaire containing items on TPB constructs, including attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention, was used to collect baseline and 1-month follow-up assessments. Each woman also received a phone call after childbirth to record their delivery method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15 at a significance level of p<0.05. The paired t-test, the independent t-test, the chi-square, and ANCOVA were used for data analysis.
Findings: The results revealed significant differences in scores of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention in the intervention group before and after the intervention (p<0.05). Additionally, the intervention group chose elective cesarean less than the control group (p<0.05). The risk of having an elective cesarean section in the intervention group was about one-fifth of the control group (RR= 0.21; CI=0.4197 to 0.0018).
Conclusion: According to this randomized control trial results, the TPB-based education improved the TPB constructs and NVD rates by providing education to women and their close friends or relatives during pregnancy.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (2-2020)
Abstract
Curly top is one of the most important viral diseases of sugar beet. Use of resistance sources is a promising strategy for control of this disease. In the present study, the efficiency of four gene silencing constructs (OUT-hp، IN-hp، sense and antisense) against two major causes of curly top disease in Iran, beet curly top virus-Svr (BCTV) and beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV), were evaluated in transgenic plants. Selection of transgenic plant seeds was carried out on selective medium 1/2MS containing glufosinate-ammonium (Basta) and the results showed that the pBCTV-IN-hp construct resulted in the highest germinated seeds. Selected plants were transferred to greenhouse and evaluated for resistance to basta and detection of silencing constructs in the transgenic plants. Afterwards, resistance of the selected transgenic plants to beet curly top viruses and resistance stability against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was evaluated in a completely randomized design with six treatments in a factorial experiment. The results showed that the transformed lines with each of four constructs were significantly different in severity of symptoms, plant height and number of flowering stems compared to their respective controls. Although these transgenic plants were resistant to BCTV-Svr and BCTIV, in their challenge inoculation experiments it was shown that this resistance was suppressed by CMV infection.
Morteza Montazeri, Sahar Hashemi Zenouzi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2011)
Abstract
In this paper the idea of energy regeneration of active suspension system in hybrid electric vehicle is presented and its influence on the fuel consumption and emissions of vehicle is investigated through computer simulations. Active suspension systems employ active actuators to apply force and control the vibrations of vehicle body. The active actuators either insert energy to the system or extract the energy of vibrations when required. Using an energy regeneration system, the extracted energy of vibrations can be recovered and stored in the energy storage system. In hybrid electric vehicles, the active suspension supplies its required energy from the electric energy storage system of vehicle. In this work, a hybrid battery/supercapasitor energy storage system is employed to supply the required energy of active suspension and other electric components of vehicle. The simulation results show that with application of the energy regeneration system, the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of vehicle is reduced.
Volume 11, Issue 4 (Number 4 - 2009)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a 2D depth-averaged model for simulating and examining unsteady flow patterns in open channel bends. In particular, this paper proposes a 2D depth-averaged model that takes into account the influence of the secondary flow phenomenon through calculation of the dispersion stresses. The dispersion terms which arose from the integration of the product of the discrepancy between the mean and the actual vertical velocity distribution were included in the momentum equations in order to take into account the effect of the secondary current. This model used a time-splitting method for solving advection, diffusion and other momentum equation terms. The proposed model uses an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system efficiently and accurately to simulate the flow field with irregular boundaries; it also used a finite volume projection method approach for solving the governing equation in a staggered grid. Two sets of experimental data were used to demonstrate the model's capabilities. The comparison of the simulated water surface elevation with the measurements shows good agreement and indicates that inclusion of the dispersion terms improved the simulation results.
