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Aim and Introduction
Today, the environment is considered as one of the most important pillars of sustainable development, and the development of other economic and social sectors depends on its sustainability and proper functioning. Environmental pollution has become one of the main challenges of countries. Environmental health is currently one of the most critical concerns of people and officials round the world. Almost all managers and decision makers believe that this national wealth should be protected not only for the current generation but also for future generations, since the pollutants caused by industries are highly costly and detrimental to health.
Active industries are one of the main sources of environmental pollution. One of the necessary conditions for economic progress and the introduction of extensive structural changes in economic and technological fields is industrialization and industrial development. In the production process, using production inputs whose main source is the environment, in addition to desirable outputs such as consumer goods, undesirable outputs such as environmental pollutants are also produced. If the number of outputs is not controlled and disproportionate, the losses from undesirable outputs will be greater than the benefits of desirable products in such a way that damages to the environment would be irreparable and sustainable development less likely to be achieved.
One of the most important concerns related to industrialization is the effects and environmental consequences of industrial activities. Therefore, achieving the necessary solutions to control such consequences is vitally important. Minerals are essential for human survival, but their extraction and processing are not environmentally friendly practices which contribute to problems such as soil erosion, air and water pollution. On the other hand, mineral sector is one of the largest energy consumers which has active contribution to air pollution and global warming. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the economic effects of Gol Gohar mine in Sirjan. For this purpose, it is intended to determine the type and amount of pollutants released from this complex, and also to determine the amount of the green tax of the complex as a solution to reduce pollution and examine the social welfare resulting from reducing pollution.
Methodology
In this study, the economic effects of environmental pollutants of Gol Gohar Iron Mine in Sirjan (Southeastern Iran), is investigated using the input distance function model from 2001 to 2022. Through calculating the shadow price of pollutants, a criterion for determining the green tax is determined, and then the amount of social cost resulting from the emission of pollutants is calculated.
The shadow price of the undesirable output is the cost that the producer must bear if they plan to reduce the production of the undesirable output. In fact, it can be interpreted as the marginal cost of reducing pollution for each producer. Therefore, the shadow price of the desirable output is considered positive and equal to the market price of that output, but the shadow price of the undesirable output must be estimated to be less than zero.
Findings
The products of Gol Gohar Iron Ore Complex in Sirjan, include granulated iron ore, iron ore concentrate and pelletized in the production process. The most greenhouse gases and air pollutants are related to carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur oxides (Sox), nitrogen oxides (Nox) and particulate matter (SPM). According to the obtained results, the average shadow price for air pollutants in Gol Gohar complex for CO2, Sox Nox, and SPM was calculated as 11.15, 3,074.5, 5,529.62, and 1,875.62 rials per kilogram respectively. Moreover, the average total social costs resulting from the production of Gol Gohar Sirjan Complex was calculated as 92,710 billion Rials according to the amount of pollution produced over the period.
Discussion and Conclusion
The estimation of environmental costs is actually an introduction to providing solutions for internalizing and reducing environmental costs, using the input distance function model and the shadow price of environmental pollutants in the industrial and mineral complex of Gol Gohar, Sirjan. The title of the largest producer of iron ore in the country was calculated, and the social cost resulting from the emission of pollutants was also evaluated. Finally, in this study, solutions and mechanisms for reducing environmental costs have been proposed.
Considering that the ability to absorb pollutants by the environment is limited, the shadow price of pollutants, which represents their real social cost, should be taken into consideration. The damages should also be determined based on the shadow price of the pollutants. In other words, the amounts of pollutant emission should be calculated and while taking into account the allowed limit of pollutant emission and shadow prices, based on a legal plan, the environmental costs should be reimbursed. Taking such measures would surely require more studies and capable executive management system

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Aims: Most of the occupational tasks, in addition to physical work, have a part in mental and cognitive processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between mental workload and musculoskeletal disorders in nurses working at day and night shifts in the state hospitals.
Instruments and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 152 nurses, working at day and night shifts in state hospitals in Neishabur in 2017. These samples were selected by simple random sampling method. The Nordic Demographic Questionnaire and the NASA-TLX Standard Questionnaire were used to measure the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and mental load. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square, and independent t-test.
Findings: There was an increase in the mean score of mental labor and musculoskeletal discomfort, especially in the waist and knee area. A significant relationship was found between the variables of labor with musculoskeletal discomfort (p<0.05). Likewise, there was a significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and workload (p=0.002).
Conclusion: Mental workload and musculoskeletal disorders in neck, elbow, upper back, waist, and knee in shift work is higher than day care workers. Also, there is a relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and workload.

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Backgrounds: The present study aimed to determine the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score in comparison with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria to predict adverse consequences of a suspected bacterial infection in patients outside the intensive care unit (ICU).
Materials & Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients during March 2018 to March 2019. All hospitalized patients with this suspected infection were positive for both SIRS and microbial cultures. Demographic and laboratory variables were recorded for all patients to determine the presence and time of various components of both SIRS criteria and the qSOFA score.
Findings: Out of 128 patients with suspected sepsis, 87 (68%) patients were confirmed to have septicemia based on SIRS criteria. SIRS criteria classified 68% of patients in the sepsis group (87 of 128), of which 39(44.8%) had a positive qSOFA score. The sensitivity and specificity ratios of qSOFA were 44.83 and 80.49%, respectively.
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis results showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of pSOFA scores for predicting sepsis patients was not significantly different. Moreover, regarding the sepsis-related mortality, the area under ROC showed that qSOFA criteria (score ≥ 2) were able to predict mortality in patients with 71% sensitivity and 72% specificity.
Conclusion: This study findings revealed that the qSOFA score was significantly efficient in predicting mortality. However, SIRS criteria were more sensitive than the qSOFA score in predicting the definitive diagnosis of sepsis. Therefore, the qSOFA score seems to be an invaluable tool for predicting outcome in sepsis patients.

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Abstract: Current study is a pioneer quantitative analysis of Mazandarani (Tabari) language varieties, and aims to contribute to Mazandarani Dialectometry, as well as to substantiate its dialect continuum. We applied a computational measure of pronunciation differences to a database of 4521 word pronunciations of 62 entries –originating in “The National Project of The Linguistic Atlas of Iran”- from 73 sites throughout northern Iran -bounded to the Myankaleh Peninsula in North, to the Alborz Mountains in South, to Gorgan Golf in East, and to the Babolsar and Savadkuh cities in West. 38% of subjects were females their average age and education were respectively 36 years and 6 years of primary school. The result is a comprehensive view of the increasing aggregate pronunciation differences from Southeast to Northwest. The calculated language distance index outlined Galeshi as a Mazandarani dialect and four Mazandarani regional accents mapped in Northeastern (Myankaleh Peninsula), Southeastern (Galugah County), Central (Naka and Sari districts), and western (Juybar City) regions.

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The phrase " Sedr- Al-Muntaha" has been used once in the Qur'an (Najm / 14) and is one of the phrases which exact translation has not been well explained and some have even considered it vague and strange in meaning. This phrase is often translated to mean (single Lotus-tree on the edge of paradise); However, this meaning is disproportionate to the context of other verses of the surah and is apparently influenced by several narrations that have a weak document and obvious content. The present research method is descriptive-analytical. The purpose of the research is to find a new meaning in accordance with the contextual evidence, and the researcher seeks an answer to the question of what is the most appropriate translation for the phrase (Sedr- Al-Muntaha). Finally, it was found that the word "Sedr" is morphologically the source of the type and meaning (a kind of special astonishment) and the expressive addition of "Sedr- Al-Muntaha" means (to reach the ultimate level of astonishment). With this explanation that when the Holy Prophet saw the great signs of God, was in a position where the utmost astonishment and wonder appeared. However, his eyes were not impressed by it and he was able to understand those facts with his heart. The new meaning is in accordance with the main meaning of the words and also in accordance with the content of other verses of this surah.
 

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Abstract In recent years many researches have been focused on active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems. AMB offers advantages such as, contact less and friction free operation, excellent performance over a wide range of temperature, no need for lubricant and longer life. Technology of magnetic bearings can be considered as a new field of research in Iran. This paper presents design, manufacturing and control of a magnetically levitation system with successful operation. This research concluded with documentation of the AMB technology which is prerequisite for earning the technology of active magnetic systems (AMS) and paves the way to develop it.

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Context is the collection of explicit and implicit clues within a text that gives meaning and direction to words within a sentence. Contextualization and discovering the meaning of a word based on the verse's context is a necessary prelude to understanding the intent of the verses of the Holy Quran. For this purpose, after understanding the semantic range and distinguishing the primary and secondary meanings of a word, the explicit and implicit clues in the surrounding content of the word are analyzed to prefer the most appropriate instance and meaning of the word. This study, using a critical and analytical approach, explores the derivatives of the root (Jaml). After understanding the depth of meaning and recognizing its primary and secondary uses, the verse or verses surrounding the word (Jaml) are analyzed to find an answer to the question: What is the most appropriate meaning for the derivatives of the word (Jaml) considering the context of the verse and its surrounding content? The result indicated that, contrary to the opinion of most commentators, the use of Jamāl and Jamīl in the Quran does not mean beauty, elegance, comeliness, and goodness; rather, it is better to consider the meaning of (a harmonious, organized, and balanced set) for it. Also, taking the meaning of rope or cord for the word (Jaml) in the phrase "Wa Lakum fīhā Jamāl" (al-Naḥl/6) is more appropriate because this meaning is more consistent with the context of the verse.
 

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  Drying is one of the preservation techniques in which moisture removal through simultaneous heat and mass transfer occurs. Due to low energy efficiency and prolonged time of hot air drying, the new drying techniques such as infrared, must be employed. In this study, the effects of temperature and drying method on the kinetics of persimmon slices with 5 mm fixed thickness were investigated. The tests were performed at 3 temperature levels (50, 60 and 70^◦c) using both hot air and infrared dryers in 3 replicates. The experimental data obtained from drying treatments were fitted to 9 mathematical models in order to evaluate the drying kinetics of persimmon slices. The fitting quality of the proposed models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean squares error (RMSE), chi- square (χ²) and sum square error (SSE). Based on the results, Wang and Singh model was found to be the best model fitted to the experimental hot air drying data at all temperature levels. In the case of experimental infrared drying data at 50 and 60^◦c, the logarithmic model showed the best fitting results while at 70^◦C, 2-term model showed the highest fitting quality. These models exhibited the highest value of R² and the least RMSE, χ² and SSE comparing to the other models

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The aim of the present study was to identify changes in the antioxidant properties of soy proteins. Soy proteins- maltodextrin conjugates were prepared by Maillard type reaction in a controlled dry state condition )60 ⁰C, 75% relative humidity, pH:8 for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days(. The formation of glycoconjugates was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis )SDS-PAGE( and gel filtration chromatography. Browning intensity, 1,1 Diphenyl 2 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH( and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power measured their antioxidant properties. Browning and intermediate products, as monitored by absorbance at 420 nm, sharply increased with conjugation. DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity increased with increasing incubation time, this improved free radical scavenging activity mediated by antioxidant maillard reaction products. Reducing power of conjugates was remarkably increased compared with the control sample. The results demonstrated that the Maillard type soy protein-maltodextrin products can be used as an effective natural antioxidant.  

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Present study were investigated to evaluation the quality parameters in drying of Aloe vera in three temperatures (40, 50, 60 °C), air velocity (0.5, 1, 1/5 m/s) and hot air recycling (0, 50 and 75%) in order to reduce waste. The results showed that with increasing temperature, the samples showed less resistance to color change. The highest difference dried gel was at 70 °C so that the increasing air velocity and temperature was increased this index. Also, the maximum change pH and shrink were obtained to be 0.58 and 86.2%, at 60 °C and 1.5m/s respectively in case without recycling hot air, while its minimum value 0.3 and 70.6% were at 40 °C and 0.5m/s in case with 75% recycling hot air, respectively. The maximum value of rehydration water was obtained to be 301%  at 40 °C and 0.5 m/s in case with 75% recycling hot air, while its minimum value 199%  were at 60 °C and 1.5m/s in case without recycling hot air.

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The research aimed at mathematical modeling, kinetics and energy consumption of a hot air dryer with air recycle (0, 50%, and 75%). A hot-air dryer capable of recycling the exhaust air was used. The experimental data were fitted to standard thin-layer drying models in MATLAB 2007. The best model was selected according to the coefficient of correlation (R²), chi-square (c²) and root mean squares error (RMSE). These indices showed that the Midilli et al. model has the best fit for explaining the experimental data. The required energy was minimum at 0.5 m/s and 60˚C for 0%, 50% and 75% recycled air levels and was maximum at 1.5 m/s and 40˚C for all recycling levels. The hot-air recirculating system also reduced energy requirements and increased the drying time for aloe vera.

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Since the technology of optical recognition of characters is essentially based on Latin script, almost all the algorithms and processes involved in Persian OCR systems are constructed upon the structure and scriptological features of Latin alphabet. This utilization of the means and features of Latin script to design Persian-based OCR systems however, not only has not resulted in the appropriate optical recognition of Persian characters but it also has simultaneously ended in confusion on the part of both the Persian-speaking users and the systems. This paper, therefore, begins with a short review of the significance of language and linguistics in the field of information technology in connection with OCR systems. Then, it will continue with a short history of Persian/Arabic script, while focusing on the scribal features of Persian writing system and its differences with other scripts. In the next part, for effective utilization of the formal elements of the Persian script, these elements have been categorized according to their application and significance in the process of the user’s interaction with Persian OCR systems. Furthermore, through a step by step discussion and analysis of the processes involved in optical recognition of characters based on the scriptological features of the Persian script, not only the deficiencies and faults of the current Latin-based OCR systems will be pinpointed but also a different aspect of the Persian writing system, in connection with its use in computer software, especially OCR systems, will be used so that the reader will practically notice the potentials and capabilities of this complex script in contrast to the simpler Latin writing system. In the end, in order to upgrade and improve the current algorithms employed in Persian OCR systems, the geometrical process of transferring bi-dimensional specifications into mono-dimensional ones has been utilized. The proposed algorithm, which is based on the scriptological features of Persian script, will simultaneously result in the convenient manipulation of patterns, reduction of the bulk of the database, and acceleration of the data processing rate.

1. Introduction
Since the technology of optical recognition of characters is essentially based on Latin script, almost all the algorithms and processes involved in Persian OCR systems are constructed upon the structure and scriptological features of Latin alphabet. This utilization of the means and features of Latin script to design Persian-based OCR systems however, not only has not resulted in the appropriate optical recognition of Persian characters but it also has simultaneously ended in confusion on the part of both the Persian-speaking users and the systems. Therefore, in order to present a different portrait of Persian writing system when working with computers, especially in OCR systems, this research, attempts to describe and analyze the processes involved in optical character recognition based on the scriptological features of the Persian alphabet and elaborate on its differences with the existing Latin-based systems. In line with this objective, after reviewing the history and evolution of the Persian script through different periods, this research gives a classified illustration of the scriptological features of the Persian writing system and its formal elements with a special focus on the OCR processes. Consequently, in this study, the formal elements of the Persian script are categorized according to their application and significance in the interaction of the user with the Persian OCR softwares. Furthermore, the effective utilization of these scriptological elements is expressed in the framework of the existing algorithms, as well as, in the form of a proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm, on the one hand, results in the practical elimination of the high affectation of the existing algorithms when facing the cursiveness and elongation, of the Persian letters, which previously increased the error rate of the OCR processes; and on the other hand, it highly prevents an increase in the bulk of the database and computations, related to the stored patterns, which previously caused a decrease in the software performance.  


2. Literature Review
The study of Persian/Arabic characters^, representation have been studied since 1970s (Bonyani & Jahangard, 2020) and the very beginning algorithms for representing Arabic scripts have been released in 1990s. (Margner & El-Abed, 2008). Many researchers including Shafii (2014) gave up holistic segmentation of Persian characters because of difficulties resulted from some special features of Persian alphabet and only worked on sub words^, representation instead. The proposed algorithm of Kiaei (2019), regardless of working on printed limited Omni-font texts did not lead to an accepted results and was inefficient facing to words sequence. Rhmati, et al. (2020) as the latest research in the field of character segmentation like many other studies considered baseline connector as a part of a character and their algorithm suggested a procedure to shorten over length baseline connectors in order to facilitate character recognition through the existing systems. The newly done studies on optical character recognition avoid the structural features in the process of recognition and primarily utilize holistic algorithm based on neural networks inorder to extract distinctive features of characters (Bonyani & Jahangard, 2020).

3. Discussion
Using the concept of baseline connector (BC) in the design of the proposed algorithm, the connected characters will all have an identical BC component. This means that each instance of the BC, regardless of its length, will be identified as one identical component. This way, the BC component of each character and its variable extra stretches are removed by means of algorithms and mathematical processes and replaced by an identical special code. This is different from the common known methods of character segmentation in which the whole character including the BC component goes through an image processing stage. Here, in the pattern comparison stage, the system at first recognizes the BC component and removes its extra stretches and then compares the remaining letter image with the stored patterns. By removing the BC component from the text image and replacing it with a simple code, contrary to what is customary: 1) the letter segmentation process occurs naturally and successfully; 2) instead of comparing a letter image with all existing patterns, due to the presence of a BC component code, the comparison and recognition process occurs only between the letter image (raw letter) and the patterns belonging to the same set since based on the position of the BC component, the letters can be divided into four sets: a) letter + BC (= initial letters); b) BC + letter (= final letters); c) BC+letter+BC (= medial letters); d) isolated form without a BC on either side (= isolated letters). As a result, instead of comparing the raw letter and trying to match it with all the existing patterns, this comparison is made only between the raw letter (letter image) and the patterns in one of the above four main groups; 3) by removing the BC component, which occurs in various lengths and in practice has no effect on the reading of the word, this component is removed from the letter image and thereby a great number of patterns whose difference lies in their length of the BC component will be eliminated and thus the process of pattern recognition is sped up; 4) on the other hand, the BC component and its extension, i.e. the baseline, divides the letter components into two groups: a) above the baseline; b) below the baseline. The classification of components into upper and lower sets based on the BC component results in further simplification of the pattern comparison process since: a) this way, upper elements are compared only with upper patterns and lower elements are compared only with lower patterns; b) instead of the overall comparison of the raw image frame with the patterns, first the baseline of the raw element is matched with the baseline of the pattern and then the comparison is made in the two upper and lower sections.

4. Conclusion
The functioning status of present Persian OCR soft wares indicates that there are two main challenges in doing research in this field, one related to solving Persian script problems and another concerned with algorithm design and programming. In this study it was determined that the origin of the current challenges is that the programmers ignored the original function and existing philosophy of baseline connector and consider it as a part of the Persian words. This study tried to improve Persian OCR sub word segmentation throughout utilizing an outstanding feature of baseline connector and at the same time its formal elimination. Base line connector forms a large part of Persian texts and its formal deletion from the raw patterns has caused an impressive reduction in the volume of errors in the processing level. Furthermore, considering baseline connector as a criterion can lead to the possibility of Persian scripts and patterns classification. Consequently, instead of comparing one raw element with all patterns, the comparing procedure has limited to homogenous groups and the processing speed has increased. Finally, in order to upgrade and improve the current algorithms employed in Persian OCR systems, the geometrical process of transferring   bi-dimensional specifications into mono-dimensional ones has been utilized. The proposed algorithm, which is based on the script logical features of Persian script, will simultaneously result in the convenient manipulation of patterns, reduction of the bulk of the database, and acceleration of the data processing rate.

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Abstract Various methods have been proposed to produce metallic and bulk form materials.Severe plastic deformation, the ways in which you can set quite a lot of mechanical work applied to the metal. Various methods have been proposed to produce metallic and bulk form materials. However, despite the widespread need for tubes with high strength to weight ratio, few studies and attempts have been done to produce ultra-fine and nano structures.Ultra-fine grain metal created by the process have a high resistance by itself. therefore, these can be as high strength steels are used in harmony with the environment. In this study, optimal design of a cast is done in order to increase the homogeneity of the material microstructure and reduce applied force of the pipe production process.Finite element software is used to design the desired format. Since the framework has been designed based on the pressure in angular channels with parallel tube, the channels angles, corners and curved angles, reshaping and the channel radius ratio, the coefficient of friction between the pipe and the channel and the number of passes are the parameters affecting the process.The effect of the above parameters in a homogeneous effective strain rate and force of the process has been studied.

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This research studies pass numbers effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy of AZ31C in the tubular channel angular pressing (TCAP) at the temperature of 300 °C. Pressing process has been carried out through four pass over AZ31C Magnesium tubes and in each pass the sample is exposed to Tensile and microhardness test and Metallography. The microstructure and mechanical properties of processed tube through one to four passes of TCAP process were investigated. Microhardness of the processed tube was increased to 62Hv after one pass from an initial value of 55 Hv. An increase in the number of passes from 1 to higher number of passes has not more effect on the microhardness. Yield and ultimate strengths were increased 1.97 and 1.49 times compared to as cast condition. Notably increase in the strength was achieved after two pass TCAP while higher number of passes has not more effect. Microstructural investigation shows notably decrease in the grain size to around 6 µm from the primary value of ~200 µm. microscope images show that the grain size is getting smaller by the first pass buy bigger in the next passes.

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Review and compare writers of children's stories Theme comparative and world literature plays an important role in understanding the child's position in the world and attitude towards children's authors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative Theme author of children's stories both Iran and the world (Ahmad Reza Ahmadi and Megan McDonald to review practices Theme fit with a children's audience and author’s attitude towards children. Donald theme stories on issues like the curiosity and the increasing amount of information about your child and encouraging children to protect the environment and so on. Ahmadi could be to include the theme stories, questioning the way for a better understanding of the world. Depression and sadness caused by loneliness and its impact on children's audience. Seizing opportunities and moments. Children's stories Donald self-esteem and confidence so that could save the world, but the child in the stories Ahmadi, compared to children stories Donald, self-esteem are less and less adventurous and curious .

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In recent years, Iran has experienced high level depreciation of the Nominal Exchange Rate (NER). The ultimate effects of such depreciation on Iranian families’ welfare and income distribution have been a challenging issue among policymakers and researchers. Accordingly, this study evaluates the economic effects of NER depreciation on the rice market, using spatial price equilibrium model. The model was calibrated for the base year 2010 and was executed using GAMS programming language and was solved by the PATH solver. The results suggested that decreasing the NER would be detrimental. Social welfare is adversely affected by depreciation of the NER. This shock would also decrease real and per capita income and increase slightly the incidence, the gap, and severity of poverty. Also, the regional effects were found to vary, depending on being a net exporter or a net importer region. Overall, this study contributes to previous studies by considering income effects and import exemptions in the model. 

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Interest rate Ad valorem tariffs are considered as the most prominent trade tools extensively used in the framework of Spatial Equilibrium Models (SEMs) to analyze agricultural and food trade policies around the world. However the results obtained from such models have been criticized because of their inadequacy in producing any observed data within the base period. Hence a positive spatial and temporal trade model which incorporates ad valorem tariffs was developed throughout the ongoing study. The calibrated model helps researchers to perform a substantially flawless empirical trade study in the real world. A numerical example is finally presented at the end of the article to justify the findings of the model, and to compare welfare analysis of the calibrated vs. the uncalibrated model.  

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In this paper, output growth and inflation were examined in Iran by using a dynamic aggregate supply and aggregate demand model during 1971-2013. For this purpose, at first the relationships among time series were evaluated. Then, the structure of the Iranian macroeconomy was used to design the structural Vector Auto-regression (VAR) models. Empirical results showed that shocks to terms of trade, monetary and fiscal policy will have positive effects on the inflationary process. Furthermore, output is mostly driven by fiscal and supply shocks. The results of variance decomposition implied that the inflationary effect of expansionary fiscal policy is far greater than increasing in output. In addition, calculated core inflation showed that the inflation in Iran has roots in demand side of the economy. Therefore, this paper recommends the demand side management policies, i.e., contractionary fiscal and monetary policies, which guarantee the output growth and decrease in inflation rate.

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The use of recycled materials in Portland cement concrete (PCC) has become more and more popular in recent years. Most recycled materials applied in PCC are used to replace coarse aggregates, fine aggregate, or act as cementitious additives. When using recycled materials in PCC, it is desirable that the properties of the concrete can also be improved. Plain PCC, while typically having high strength, generally possesses very low post failure toughness, which may cause abrupt failure of structures and short pavement life. Reclaimed or recycled asphalt pavements (RAP) have been routinely used in the construction of pavement granular bases and hot-mix asphalt concrete. RAP is the removed and/or processed asphalt pavement materials containing both aged asphalt and aggregates. The asphalt coated on the surface of the aggregates typically forms a film with a thickness between six to nine microns. The use of RAP in PCC, though seems to be a viable solution to improve the toughness, has received little attention by research communities. Cementitious systems incorporating polymers have received considerable inter- national attention, especially over the last 30 years or so. The reason for this interest can be attributed to the improved engineering properties when compared to the unmodified materials, e.g. tensile/flexural strength, toughness and durability, the latter including resistance to carbonation, chloride penetration, and frost damage. Additionally, these systems may be used as repair materials where a good bond with the existing concrete or steel is required. Many polymer concrete combinations are available. Polymer-modified cement mortar and concrete (PMC): polymer particles in the form of a latex or redispersible powder are added to a fresh cementitious mix which is then cured. The most commonly used latexes are aqueous suspensions of styrene- butadiene-rubber (SBR) and various acrylics (Ac) containing 45±50% polymer solids. In SBR, the ratio of styrene to butadiene governs the properties of the polymer, with 60±65% styrene giving a good balance. Higher styrene contents would improve compressive and tensile strengths but reduce adhesion and raise the minimum film-forming temperature (MFT). In this study, the effect of SBR latex and silica fume on the mechanical strength (compressive, bending, and splitting tensile strength, elasticity modulus, toughness index), permeability (water penetration, rapid chloride penetration (RCPT), electrical specific resistivity) and microstructure of concrete made with recycled asphaltic aggregates to replaced with natural coarse aggregate (33%, 66% and 100% by weight) were studied. Results showed that the adding of latex and silica fume significantly increased mechanical strength and decrease permeability of concrete mixes. quality and microstructure of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between aggregate- cementitious matrix by use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX) was evaluated. SEM images showed that the mixtures containing latex and silica fume had uniform and smooth structure at surface aggregate- cementitious matrix, and also EDX analysis represents reducing the thickness of ITZ and the calcium to silicon ratio. For assessment of latex effect mechanism on compressive strength, three different type of curing on cube mixtures were applied. The results showed that compressive strength of specimens cured at temperatures significantly increased, which indicates of heating- help to formation polymeric membrane in specimens containing latex.