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Treatment of organic leachate is one the most controversial topics around the world which led this study to assess the efficiency of the combined oxidation and adsorption treatment (COAT) process in the treatment of leachate by considering local experiments. The removal of effluent parameters (TDS, COD, BOD) was enhanced by oxidizing the GAC surface as a catalyst with NaOH before the process and by ozone within the procedure as well. Assessing the interacting effect of operating variables (i.e., ozone concentration, GAC density, reaction time and pH) provides valuable information for optimization. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed. The optimized model’s circumstances are the reaction time of 30.77 min, ozone dosage of 141.29 mg/l, pH of 7.2, and the GAC density of 1.29 gr/cm³ with the predicted removal percentage of 51.63%,62.84% and 56.13% for TDS, COD and, BOD respectively.
 

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Changes in pore fluid can significantly impact the geotechnical behavior of soil, especially clayey soil. One source of soil contamination is leachate, which can infiltrate nearby soil during the collection, transportation, and deposition stages of the residential waste disposal process, exerting geotechnical influences on the soil in the surrounding area. To assess these effects, four leachate samples were collected from different sites. The specimen comprises fine soil, created from a mixture of sand, bentonite, and kaolinite. Experimental results reveal a decreasing trend in the liquid limit, compaction parameters, and cohesion values of the soil with an increase in contamination level. However, the internal friction angle exhibits an increasing trend with higher leachate concentration, resembling the behavior of sandy soil, as opposed to the typical behavior of clay.

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Tarski’s theory of truth was first introduced in “The concept of truth in formalized languages.” In this paper, we introduce Tarski’s truth theory in detail, based on the mentioned article, and make its account clear about the main questions that he faced. Also, we argue that accepting Tarski’s theory of truth entails Platonism in mathematics.

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The establishment of new Isfahan by Shah Abbas was the climax of Safavid architecture. Isfahan wasn’t a new built Islamic city. Actually new capital was constructed beside the ancient city by safavid monarchs aimed to show the glory and Victory of Shiite Islam as opposed to Ottoman dynasty’s capital city. Safavid developed the city Space and added new urban areas to previous one , but new development was aimed to exhibit a great vision of Shiite capital that show both the religious belief and the power of Safavid Dynasty. The main part of new development is Naghsh e Jahan square as the greatest example of Persian Architecture in which the most important public buildings organized around the square: on one side stands the Shah›s mosque , on the other one the Shah›s oratory, called the mosque of Sheikh Lutfallah , opposite side, Ali Qapu royal pavilion that opens in behind onto a large pleasure walkway (Chahar Bagh) and the grand bazaar led to the old mosque on Fridays, the symbolic relationship of religion , government and trade as the various social Factors in public life. This urban square is the most significant and most elegant composition of Safavid world view and Isfahan School philosophical belief to combine the Mystical and religious aspects of human life with everyday life, as a representation of most important Islamic orders that reject the retreating of everyday life in order to worship god. Cooperation a large number of artists and philosophers Shaped one of the most significant periods of Iranian art and architecture in the Safavid capital and the architecture of Isfahan in Safavid era is an obvious sample that shows the close relationship between architecture and philosophy. Affected by thoughts of philosophical school of Isfahan, previous rules of architectural and urban design changed and the role of the audience in perception of space became more important than before. Probably in this period the pure Shiite architecture was represented in all levels, from urban space to architectural atmosphere and even architectural ornaments, but the most important innovation of Architectural design of this era was the enhancement of Audience role as a part of meaning making process of spaces. In other word, Isfahan Safavid Architecture participate persons with their spatial flow of Dynamic spaces to show and allow him to practice the metaphysical sense of Architectural concepts in various contexts from urban area to interior spaces. In this way, the form and space arrangement designed to fulfill the designer’s aim simultaneously. this paper focuses on the combination of form and spatial arrangement design in sheikh Lutfallah mosque how leads in to a new concept , in which not only the structure doesn’t comply with site limitation or inner architectural design necessities, but also the asymmetrical arrangement of dome and main portal contradict main Islamic design principles , in order to create a symmetrical that changes the audience usual mental / visual behavior to understand the building concept and right spatial flow of unusual interior design. Sheikh Lutfallah mosque was the first structure constructed in the new Isfahan. Around the mihrab are the names of the Twelve Shi’i Imams, and the inscription contains the names of Shaykh Lutfallah, Ostad Muahmmad Reza Isfahani (the engineer), and Baqir al- Banai (the calligrapher who wrote it). Its construction stretched over sixteen long years. Mihrab date’s show that it was completed around 1618. The plan of this mosque is rather unusual , compared with the Shah Mosque, the design of the Sheikh Lutf Allah Mosque is quite simple. There is no courtyard and there are no interior iwans. The building itself consists of a flattened dome resting on a square dome chamber. Though, in contranst to the simple structure of this mosque, the decoration of both interior and exterior is exceedingly complex, and in its construction the finest materials were used and the most talented craftsmen employed. Ali Reza Abbasi, the leading calligrapher at the court of Shah Abbas , has decorated the entrance, above the door , with majestic inscriptions with the names and titles of Shah Abbas, the Husayni and the Musavi, that is , the descendants of Imams Husayn and Musa.The inscriptions of the Mosque reflect matters that were preoccupying the shah around the time it was built ; namely the need to define Twelver Shiism. In Sheikh Lutfallah Mosque , the emphasis on the role of theaudience and his participation in process of perception of space seems that has been done by creating a dynamic equilibrium method. Placement of the dome and portico of this mosque, Is such that the audience faces from the beginning with a series of interconnected perceptions linked so makes it possible to detect the concept of interior space within the outdoor area. This study tries to show how this continual perception process designed to shape the audience perception to understand the building as continuity. Article tries to show the role of dynamic equilibrium visual perception of outdoor form of building and inner spaces to create this sense and how the asymmetrical placement of dome in relation to mosque portal creates that. Research used descriptive –analytical method and library resources , to show the reasoning process of this different architectural design as a case study that changes the lateral symmetry and static equilibrium design as a dominant rule in Persian architecture to create a special relationship between audience and building in Shah Abbas’ private mosque as an important building of Isfahan school of Safavid architecture. Results shows that environmental constraints and square master plan don’t play any role in shaping the mosque plan and the designers have a clear goal to change it to achieve their special spatial and visual structure they intend derived from views of philosophy school of Isfahan. The buildings in whole, is such that audience as subject, be faced with a set of continual dynamic equilibrium that shapes audience perceptions so he would become part of process that create the meaning of space.

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Investigating the trend of temperature changes occurring in the Persian Gulf can be used to determine the pattern of climate change in the region and to study the impact of these changes on aquatic habitats in the Persian Gulf waters.  This study was carried out to investigate the changes in sea surface temperature and sea surface temperature anomaly in Kharg and Hendourabi islands by using Environmental Research Division's Data Access Program (ERDDAP) of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and  daily sea surface temperature and sea surface temperature anomaly  were investigated over a 35-year period.The results showed that the average annual surface temperature increased by about 1 °C over 35 years in Kharg and Hendourabi Islands and the average annual sea surface temperature anomaly in these islands were increased by 2 °C. The slope of this increasing trend on Kharg Island was more severe than Hendourabi Island. The most significant bleaching event in the Persian Gulf occurred in 2016-2017, with the highest increase in temperature in 2017. As water temperatures continue to increase in the coming years, the living conditions of the Persian Gulf corals are likely to deteriorate, and only some resistant species can survive in the Gulf.

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Todays, parallel robots with six degrees of freedom are widely used in motion simulation industry. Spreading application of motion simulation for different means of transportation has led to advance training in a safe way with less time and equipment cost. Mostly, the 6-UPS structure Stewart parallel manipulator is used as motion simulators due to their large workspace, rigidity and load capacity. Since the massive moving actuated prismatic joint is located between fixed and moving platforms, the dynamic performance of the mechanism is not efficient. The robot with PUS structure can be a good alternative for UPS type as its actuators are fixed to the ground. This results in lowering of the overall robot cost in addition to stiffness increase. In this paper the inverse kinematic and dynamic of a general 6-PUS robot is presented using Newton-Euler method. The theoretical dynamic model results are verified using motion analysis software. A simplified dynamic model is prepared eliminating links’ inertial terms from dynamic equation. The accuracy of the model is evaluated for different link to payload mass properties ratio. The simplified dynamic model used to improve the computational efficiency of the inverse dynamics.

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Milk chocolate is one of the most popular and enjoyable foods, and it has many fans of all ages. The purpose of this research is to replace the gelatin extracted from chicken feet with commercial (bovine) gelatin in different concentrations (0, 3, 5 and 7 percent) with cocoa butter to reach a high melting point with the aim of preventing chocolate from melting at high temperatures in tropical regions. The physicochemical and sensory properties of milk chocolate were investigated, and the obtained results showed that the density of the samples increased with an increase in the concentration of gelatin. The hardness of chocolate samples decreased by increasing the concentration of chicken Feet gelatin and increasing the concentration of commercial gelatin, so that the highest level of hardness among the sample’s containing gelatin was related to the sample containing 3% commercial gelatin (5936.3) and the lowest one was related to the sample containing 7% chicken Feet gelatin (5342.5). Also, by examining the surface roughness of the treatments, the highest roughness is related to the control sample. The apparent viscosity of treatments increased by increasing the concentration of chicken feet gelatin and commercial gelatin. The melting point of the samples increased independently with the addition of chicken feet gelatin and commercial gelatin. By increasing the level of chicken feet gelatin and commercial gelatin, the aqueous activity of the treatments decreased independently. In terms of color parameters (L, a, b), the treatments were investigated, and the sample containing 7% chicken feet gelatin had the highest amount of brightness. From the sensory point of view, the parameters of color, taste, smell, texture and finally the overall acceptance of chocolates were investigated. In terms of parameters, a significant difference between the samples was observed, and all the samples had the required acceptance.

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In this research, the potential of the electrospraying technique was used for encapsulation of curcumin in natural polymers such as Whey Protein Isolate (WPI) and mixture of WPI/β-CycloDextrin (β-CD). The encapsulated particles were physicochemically characterized and curcumin release profile was evaluated. At WPI concentration of 25%, more uniform particles were formed and most of them were smaller than 0.7 µm in diameter. The encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in WPI and WPI/β-CD solutions was determined as 45.4% and 53.6%, respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA) of the obtained encapsulated curcumin revealed that WPI and WPI/β-CD polymers could not increase thermal stability of curcumin. Encapsulated curcumin had a better stability than pure curcumin at acidic and alkaline conditions, and the release of curcumin after 7 hours was lower than 40% with the sustained mode in buffer solution conditions (pH= 7.4).
 

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Virtual currencies are a new phenomenon that is extracted and transmitted over the Internet using new technologies. Decentralization, transboundary, anonymity of users, encryption and irreversibility of transactions are features that make the use of virtual currencies in criminal activity more attractive to criminals.
The uncertainty over the legal status of the central bank and its role in enforcing monetary and banking regulations will pose challenges to criminal proceedings related to virtual currencies; In the first place, the identification of virtual currencies that lack legal and central backing in the Iranian legal system as domestic and foreign currency and, secondly, the validity of the title of the foreign exchange for such transactions can be a source of ambiguity for the judicial system. To be considered. This paper uses descriptive-analytical methodology.
Precise legal definition of virtual currencies and determination of their legal nature, modification of laws related to virtual currencies and adoption of new laws taking into account the unique features of virtual currencies in cases where the law does not exist, recognizing criminal offences related to virtual currencies where it is not possible to comply with current laws, cooperating with foreign countries and international institutions in the exchange of information and communications related to virtual currencies, Agreement between the private and public sector on the use and application of virtual currency experts and the training of prosecutors and law enforcement officers are among the suggested solutions to address the challenges of dealing with virtual currency crimes.

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High stiffness to weight ratio, ease and speed of handling, as well as having favorable architectural appearance cause that, double layer grids with ball joint system are widely used to cover large spans. A double-layer grid has a complex behavior due to a large number of elements and a particular type of joints; hence, structural identification of this type of structure is an important issue, which refers to the determination of natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. These results are necessary to complete the structural health monitoring, finite element model updating and damage detection. Due to the limitations of input-output methods, modal parameters of civil engineering structures such as bridges, dams, tall buildings, and double layer grids are determined mainly by output-only modal identification. In output-only methods, the vibration parameters are determined based on the information acquired only from the structure’s output. In this work, physical model of a ball jointed double-layer grid with dimensions of 2.8 m at 2.8 m, which is supported on four steel pipes in four corners was made in the laboratory. The grid consists of 32 members connected together with 13 balls, each having ten threaded holes at different angles. each member consists of a middle pipe and connecting parts including conical piece, sleeve and high strength bolt at both ends of the pipe. The middle pipe has the nominal length, diameter and thickness of 120 cm, 7.64 cm and 0.35 cm, respectively. The horizontal center to center distance of adjacent balls in each layer of the grid is 1.414 m and the total height of the structure includes the column length (1.3 m) and the distance between the top and bottom layers (1 m), which is equal to 2.3 m in total. The approximate weight of the structure is 3532 N. All the members and the balls used in the grid are identical. After all the members of the grid have been assembled, the bolt at each joint is tightened in a series of steps by twisting the corresponding sleeve. Exciting the grid, its acceleration response was measured. The modal parameters were obtained using four output-only modal identification techniques; namely enhanced frequency decomposition (EFDD), curve-fit frequency domain decomposition (CFDD), data-driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI-DD) and covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI-Cov). Two types of excitations were used in output-only modal tests, namely direct and indirect excitations. Since the modal parameters obtained via input-output modal analysis have less uncertainty compared to the output-only modal analysis techniques, an input-output modal test was also performed and the results are considered as reference values. It deduced that parameters identified in the direct excitation, were more accurate compared to indirect excitation. The results showed that the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the double-layer grid were estimated with a high accuracy via the four methods. The greatest relative difference between the natural frequencies belonged to the second mode and equaled 2.07%. The dispersion of estimated damping was much higher compared to natural frequencies and mode shapes. The results indicated that identified damping in the direct excitation was lower than indirect one. Among the 4 methods, SSI-Cov had the least error in damping estimation of the double-layer grid. The values of estimated modal damping ratios were relatively low (fraction of 1%). The mean relative error of the identified parameters showed that the time-domain methods estimated the damping ratios with less error; While the frequency-domain methods identified natural frequencies and mode shapes with higher accuracy.
 

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