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This study explores how Lacanian psychoanalysis governs and understands the mother-child relationships in Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie (1944/2014) and Darren Aronofsky’s Black Swan (2010). In so doing, the primary purpose of this study has been to establish the links between the central characters' behaviors and the psychoanalytic concept of 'deferral of desire’.' The research proposes a novel aspect of 'psychoanalytic meaning' by basing it on the counter-intuitive process of evading the jouissance of actualizing and immersing oneself in one's object of desire. To support the proposition mentioned above, this study has explored the eventual fate of the children in Black Swan (Nina), and The Glass Menagerie (Tom and Laura), analyzing their respective experiences of (dis)satisfaction after their ultimate success or failure in their attempts to attain their objects of desire. This study has employed the Lacanian psychoanalytic concepts of the objet petit a and register theory to posit that satisfaction lies not in obtaining one’s object of desire, but in repeatedly failing to do so, due to the fact that possessing the object of desire shatters the lack which is the necessary condition of maintaining the desirability of the object of desire. The article concludes that while we are intuitively equipped to think of satisfaction as the effect of the realization of the object of one's desire, psychoanalytically speaking, satisfaction is found in precisely the opposite direction, that is, in a repeated failure to obtain the object of one's desire.

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The eucoiline genus Hexacola Foerster, 1869 is present in the Afrotropical, Neotropical, Holarctic and Ethiopian regions, as well as Oceania. In this paper, three species are reported for the first time in Argentina: Hexacola hexatoma (Hartig 1841), Hexacola bifarium Quinlan, 1986 and Hexacola bonaerensis Reche, nom. nov. proposed to replace Hexacola fuscipes (Kieffer 1908) by homonymy with Hexacola fuscipes (Kieffer 1907). Their redescriptions are provided. Species from Argentina are parasitoids of Ephydridae and Chloropidae (Diptera). New distribution data, new host records and a key for Argentinian species are provided. Photographs of diagnostic characters and georeference of locality of collections are included. The material examined is deposited in the collection of the División Entomología, Museo de La Plata (Argentina).

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The list of forty one subgenera of the genus Andrena from Iran is given. The list provided here is based on a detailed study of all available published data. Four subgenera and five species are recorded for the first time from Iran, including Andrena (Cnemidandrena) fuscipes (Kirby, 1802), Andrena (Lepidandrena) curvungula (Thomson, 1870), Andrena (Lepidandrena) pandellei (Pérez, 1895), Andrena (Parandrena) sericata (Imhoff, 1868) and Andrena (Platygalandrena) tecta (Radoszkowski, 1876). Ecological notes on the newly recorded species are briefly discussed.

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Background: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone function to regulate the production of red blood cells. Deficiency of EPO is known to cause anemia in chronically infected renal patients and they require regular blood transfusion. Availability of recombinant EPO has eliminated the need for blood transfusion and now it is extensively used for the treatment of anemia. Glycosylation of erythropoietin is essential for its secretion, stability, protein conformation and biological activity. However, maintenance of human like glycosylation pattern during manufacturing of EPO is a major challenge in biotechnology. Currently, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is used for the commercial production of erythropoietin but this cell line does not maintain glycosylation resembling human system. With the trend to eliminate non-human constituent from biopharmaceutical products, as a preliminary approach, we have investigated the potential of human emberyo kidney cell line (HEK293) to produce recombinant EPO. Methods: Initially, the secretory signal and Kozak sequences was added before the EPO mature protein sequence using overlap extension PCR technique. PCR-amplified cDNA fragments of EPO was inserted into mammalian expression vector under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and transiently expressed in CHO and HEK293 cell lines. After RT-PCR analysis, ELISA and Western blotting was performed to verify the immunochemical properties of secreted EPO. Results: Addition of secretory signal and Kozak sequence facilitated the extra-cellular secretion and enhanced the expression of EPO protein. Significant expression (P < 0.05) of EPO was observed in the medium from HEK293 cell line. Conclusions: HEK293 cell line has a great potential to produce glycosylated EPO, suggesting the use of this cell line to produce glycoproteins of the therapeutic importance resembling to the natural human system.

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A field survey of the bee fauna was conducted in the north of Iran during 2009 to 2015. Special concern was given to the tribe Ceratinini (Hymenoptera; Apidae). Ten species of the genus Ceratina were collected and identified in the present study. Three species are recorded for the first time from Iran, including Ceratina (Euceratina) chrysomalla Gerstaecker 1869, Ceratina (Euceratina) cyanea (Kirby, 1802) and Ceratina (Euceratina) gravidula Gerstaecker, 1869. An updated checklist of Iranian Ceratinini with short description and figures of newly recorded species are provided. The host plants and distribution of each species are also given.

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Collecting data of the family Halictidae are reported in Gorgan county, Golestan province, northern Iran. We collected 30 species belonging to 5 genera in 3 subfamilies. Among them, Lasioglossum (Hemihalictus) croceipes (Morawitz, 1876) and Halictus (Seladonia) confusus Smith, 1853 are recorded from Iran for the first time and 18 species are new for Gorgan county. Among 112 collected specimen, the subfamily Halictinae (27 species), genus Lasioglossum (14 species) and subgenus Lasioglossum (5 species), representing the major groups of halictid bee and Halictus (Halictus) brunnescens (Eversmann, 1852) was the most abundant species in the study areas. Knapweed flowers (Centaura spp.) had higher halictid bee taxa richness. An updated checklist of halictid bees of Gorgan county is provided.

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A survey on the megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) fauna of northern Iran, between 2010 and 2011, led to the identification of eleven species of the genus Coelioxys Latreille belonging to subgenera Allocoelioxys (6 species), Boreocoelioxys (2 species), Coelioxys (2 species) and Liothyrapis (1 species). Of these, six species and one subgenus (Liothyrapis) are new to the fauna of Iran. Detailed illustrations of morphological characters, a key to the species of the genus Coelioxys and an updated checklist of Iranian species of Coelioxys are provided.

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Five species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were found during investigations in the Kerman province in the years 2010-2016. Two of these, Xerephedromyia bipartita Mamaev, 1972 and Xerephedromyia mitroshinae Fedotova, 1992, causing galls on Ephedra major (Ephedraceae), were recorded for the first time from Iran. Both species are very rare and have not been found since the time of their original description. Rhopalomyia efremovi (Fedotova, 1999), Rhopalomyia hispanica Tavares, 1904 and Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares, 1904, causing galls on various species of Artemisia (Asteraceae), already known to occur in north-eastern and central Iran, were recorded for the first time in the Kerman provin

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Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) leaf extract was applied against two strains of the crown gall disease agent (Agrobacterium tumefaciens); strains C58 and AR125. In vitro, we used the agar well diffusion method and the extract was tested in different solvents selected according to their polarity indices, at different concentrations and different incubation temperatures. In vivo, we tested the extract prepared in different solvents on the stems of young tomato plants (cv. Firenze) which were inoculated with the strain C58.The best results were obtained with the extract prepared in hot sterile distilled water and in methanol (0.3 g.ml^-1) incubated at 25 °C and 30 °C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated to be 10^-4 g.ml^-1. In another aspect, to identify the nature of certain substances from S. terebinthifolius leaf extracts, we made a test of fractionation using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method and phytochemical screening of the crude methanol leaf extract. We noticed the presence of alkaloids and flavonoid compounds which may be responsible for the antibacterial activity. These tests indicated that false pepper leaf extract has an antibiotic effect against Agrobacterium tumefaciens both in vitro and in vivo, which represents a conceptual approach with great promise for future biological control.  

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Abstract
Research subject: Nanocomposites are a new class of materials that have at least one of their major constituents, at least in one dimension, in the range of one to one hundred nanometers. Typically, nanocomposites have different and superior properties in terms of mechanical and physical properties than conventional composites.
Research approach: In this study, polyvinyl acetate was prepared by emulsion polymerization for polymer matrix. Then the diamond nanoparticles were modified with silane agent. Finally, polyvinyl acetate / diamond nanocomposite was prepared and analyzed with 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt% of modified diamond nanoparticles. To determine the properties and structure of the nanocomposite, FTIR, TGA, RMS, FESEM, oxygen permeation analysis was used in the films produced and contact angle measurements.
Main results: FTIR Analysis revealed that the modification of the diamond nanoparticles with the silane agent was well performed. FESEM images show that homogeneous nanocomposites were created. Oxygen permeability in polyvinyl acetate / diamond nanocomposite film decreases with increasing percentage of modified nanoparticles in nanocomposite. This is a valuable property if this nanocomposite is used as a fruit preservative coating. Contact angle measurement of polyvinyl acetate / diamond nanocomposite showed that by increasing the amount of modified diamond nanoparticles from 0.5 to 2 wt %, the hydrophobicity of nanocomposite film increased. Therefore, by increasing the specific amount of nanoparticles to the polymer matrix, the polymer properties such as heat resistance and tensile strength are increased which increases the efficiency of the polymer.

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We present the results of a survey on the sawfly fauna of Anguran Protected Area, Dandi, Mahneshan County, Zanjan Province, Iran. Surveys in 2018 with nets recorded 4 sawfly species in three genera: Macrophya diversipes (Schrank, 1782); Macrophya nr. ribis (Schrank, 1781); Tenthredo cinctipleuris (Enslin, 1910) and Dolerus murcius Konow, 1895. The last mentioned species is a new record for the Iranian fauna.

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  Nowadays, ambivalenceinclude differentelemdnts  of  human’s life and its spreading has been a social issue. For discovering the origin of for ementionedissue , it is necessary to investigate its historical background. As ghajar  are has been exposed to many challenges of traditional and modern values , it can be producer of  all types of ambivalences;therefore this issue has been  investigated from the point of view of  English travel writers who have had association with people and specilly with ghajarcouqp at that time. the population (statistical society) of this research includes  all of the itineries written by Englishmen  who have  traveled to Iran in Ghajar career. That from among them  34 itineraries have been selected as sample (through purposeful sampling) investigating of all types of sociological ambivalence and psychological ambivalence has been done through Robert merton, typological approach in sociological ambivalence  theory , also these typs have been investigated and classified by using historical  investigation techniques and content analysis . The results show that: from among 6 kinds of sociological  and psychological ambivalence, all kinds except 3 type have been refered to in mentioned intineration in ghajar; are highest amount of sociological ambivalence is dedicated to type 5 (alteraction  between cultural structure and social structure ) that has been manifested in “aberrant behavior” (psychological ambivalence) in the next level, the 6  type of sociological  ambivalence (different collections of  cultural values) has been mostly dedicated to imitation of court from western lifestyle . The mentioned ambivalences have been mostly observed among “Iranian base and in “cultural –political field “ and in “naseredin shah” and then  “fathali shah” ghajarera. Regarding content analysis of itineraries ,the final analysis of  shows the effect of specific feature of social – cultural structure of ghajar are on the spreading of ambivalence.    

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A survey on sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) fauna of Gorgan County, northern Iran, during 2015-2017, led to the identification of sixteen species. Six species including Arge cingulata (Jakowlew, 1891); Calameuta pallipes (Klug, 1803); Phylloecus xanthostoma (Eversmann, 1847); Allantus cingulatus (Scopoli, 1763); Ametastegia pallipes (Spinola, 1808) and Nematus lucidus (Panzer, 1801) are recorded for Golestan fauna for the first time and C. pallipes is a new record for the Iranian fauna.

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During a comprehensive survey of the heterostigmatic mites associated with dung beetles in the hyrcanian forests, northern Iran, several colonies of the pygmephoroid mites including four species of the genus Spatulaphorus Rack, 1993, S. copridis Khaustov, 2007, S. gorganica Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2011, S. vladimiri Khaustov, 2005 and S. geotruporum Khaustov, 2005 phoretic on Geotrupes spiniger (Marsham, 1802) were found. This is the first record of S. geotruporum from Asia. Furthermore, this is the first record of phoresy of S. geotruporum on G. spiniger.

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emergence of new technologies especially information and communication technologies leads to forming a new approach in the government that is called electronic government. E-government has changed the way and quality of providing services to citizens. E-government has three generations which its third generation is called smart government that indeed is the main purpose of the e-government. Although most of countries are transitioning from first generation of e-government (i.e. informationalization) to second generation (i.e. electronic transformation) but few countries are transitioning to third generation (i.e. smart government).  The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive framework in order to deploy a smart government and analyze the related policies, laws, rules and regulations of the country in terms of coverage of the proposed framework's dimensions. For this purpose, document analysis method with systematic review of the literature and comparing different researches results were used. Base on those studies a new framework composed of two layers and eight dimensions is provided for smart government deployment which citizens are in the center of the framework. Then using qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach, related policies, laws, rules and regulations of Iran were analyzed and dimensions which require more attention were identified. Finally, policy recommendations are provided for policy makers in order to develop smart government on Iran.

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The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is one of the most destructive pests attacking stored grain products all over the world. Serious problems assossiated with using synthetic chemical insecticides have strongly demonstrated the need for applying alternative safe compounds such as plant essential oils. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate fumigant toxicity of essential oils from the fresh fruit peel of two Citrus species namely, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and Citrus paradisi (Macfarlane) against 1 to 7-days-old adults of T. castaneum under laboratoryconditions. Moreover, oviposition deterrence activity of sublethal concentrations of the oils were assessed on the female beetles. All experiments were carried out at 27 ± 1 °C and65 ± 5% r. h. in darkness. Findings indicated the high fumigant toxicity of both essential oils. According to probit analysis, there was no significant differences between C. sinensis (LC₅₀ = 7.27 µl.l^-1 air) and C. paradisi (LC₅₀ = 7.70 µl.l^-1 air) essentialoils. Also, oviposition deterrence activity of the essential oils was significantly increased as concentrations of the oils were increased from 500 to 2500 ppm. In general, the results of our study demonstrated the high efficacy of C. sinensis and C. paradisi oils against T. castaneum.
 

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Following a short-term faunistic study on soil inhabiting heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Heterostigmata), during spring-winter 2019, in Gorgan, Golestan Province, northern Iran, a total of six species from five genera of two families were identified. Among them Promicrodispus pumilis (Sevastianov, 1975) and Premicrodispus montanus Khaustov, 2006 are new records for mite fauna of Iran. The genus Promicrodispus Khaustov, 2017 is recorded for the first time for the mite fauna of Iran. Moreover, Pre. akermanae (Sevastianov & Al Douri, 1988), Paramicrodispus scarabidophilus Hajiqanbar & Rahiminejad, 2012, Pygmodispus (Allodispus) latisternus Paoli, 1911 and Scutacarus sphaeroideus Karafiati, 1959 were collected from soil in the sampling sites. The world distribution of the mites is reviewed.

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