---

The main aim of this paper is to analysis of chemical performance of hydrogen peroxide based on numerical and parametric methods. The proper chemical function of the catalytic bed, as one of the components of monopropellant thruster, plays a significant role in achieving the two design main goals in (minimizing mass and maximizing the specific impulse). To this end, the effect of catalyst diameter (granules) on the bed chemical performance, optimal length and pressure drop, simulations for beds with different catalytic pellet diameters have been made to 0.4-0.9 cm diameters. Hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 90% is defined as an inlet fluid at 0.014 m/s in simulations. The calculation of flow pressure drop across the catalyst bed is one of the activities undertaken in this study. The results of this study indicate that with increasing the pellet diameter, the reaction effective surface is reduced and the catalyst bed length is increased for complete decomposition of the propellant. In addition to the required length for complete decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the pressure drop in various catalyst beds have also been calculated and evaluated. The results of the catalytic bed drop evaluation indicate that at a specific flow rate, a minimum pressure drop will be made in a specific diameter. The reason for this is the interaction of reaction surface and catalyst bed lengths on the pressure drop generated during the propellant decomposition process. Verification and validation of achieved results was conducted by comparing with experimental results.

---

Abstract: In recent years, extension of Artemia applications in aquaculture and decreasing of natural resource, lead many of related studies to the distribution of Artemia population and new resource assessment studies. Urmia Lake as one the biggest habitat for Artemia because of ecological variations in the regions in which of its differentiations in cyst biometry and Artemia, moreover some genetic variations suggested to have some several Artemia populations in the Lake. In this project Artemia cyst samples were collected from 5 ecological stations of the Lake Urmia. The cyst hatching and the nauplii breeding up to adult Artemia stage were done according to optimum conditions in laboratory. Growth rate and survival of larva in days of 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 20 of rearing period were measured in feeding with a complex of Dunaliella tertiolecta and Lanzy PZ for a period of 20 days in 75 and 150 ppt. Data and its statistical analysis revealed that according to previously records the growth rate of the Artemia was influenced by increasing the salinity from 75 to 150 ppt survival and growth rate of Artemia have been influenced by water salinity (P<0.05) but increasing the salinity only in two population of Bari and Eslami led decreasing of survival. The produced cysts in two salinity showed that Artemia population can produce the cysts with different diameter and there were not any statistic correlations between the salinity and populations. The Dandrogarm of population statistic analysis emphasized that according to growth rate and survival parameters and among populations under this test there were 4 different populations of Artemia urmiana in which had interesting differentiations in growth rate and survival. Keywords: Artemia, Survival, Growth rate, Salinity, Urmia Lake.

---

Most nosocomial infections have been attributed to nonfermenters, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii which causes serious infections like pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The purpose of this study was to report our experience with five cases of A. baumannii-related pneumonia infections, seen in a regional hospital, Karaj, Iran. Five cases were identified as having A. baumannii- related pneumonia infection.  All cases had been treated previously with various antibiotics at time of diagnosis. The treatment of A. baumannii- related pneumonia infection in all the cases varied. But unfortunately, all the five cases died from severe A. baumannii- related pneumonia and severe sepsis. Our cases brought forth the burden of A. baumannii-related pneumonia infections associated with significant mortality. Physicians should be aware of the remarkable virulence and antibiotic resistance.

---

Dehydrogenation of alkane to alkene is a key process in petrochemical industry. Propylene has intermediate role to production many industrial polymers. In this research applying oxidative dehydrogenation method for propylene production and CO2 used as oxidant. By use of XRD, Raman, TEM, BET and EDX techniques the results have been analyzed. In XRD and Raman tests anatase phase and Titania nanotubes have been distinguished. TEM confirmed TiNTs with pure structure. Vanadium catalyst with 5% of vanadia synthesized by impregnation method. Adding silicon in support increased thermal stability of catalyst. Raman and XRD method confirmed good distribution of active phase on supports. VSiTi catalyst have 28.31% conversion and 51% selectivity in 550 oC. Improvement in yield of propylene production would be in result of higher surface area and good distribution of vanadia over modified Titania nanotubes.  

---

Research subject: One of the major problems we face with the growth of various industries around the world is the environmental pollution of heavy metals. One of the most toxic heavy metals that is problematic even at low concentrations is Cr (IV).
Research approach: In this study, the removal of this toxic heavy metal was investigated with high efficiency by UIO-66-MnFe2O4-TiO2 magnetic adsorbent. For this purpose, magnetic nanocomposite (UIO-66-MnFe2O4-TiO2) was synthesized based on metal-organic framework (MOF) for adsorption of Cr (IV). The choice of the hydrothermal method for the synthesis of UIO-66 in addition to its simplicity resulted in the production of pure and efficient UIO-66, which produced very high efficiency during the experiments. MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were used to magnetize the adsorbent. To increase the magnetic properties and increase the loading efficiency of the MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, TiO₂ nanoparticles were used to increase the loading rate on the adsorbent. XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, VSM and EDX tests were used to the characterization of the adsorbent properties.
Main results: Effect of four effective variables during adsorption experiments such as adsorbent content (0.05 to 0.25 g), pH (2 to 6), adsorption time (15 to 75 min), initial metal ion concentration (200 to 1000 mg / l) at five levels (+2 to +2) were investigated using experimental design with response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). The best conditions were determined for the independent variables for the initial metal concentration of 552 mg /l. The optimum pH was obtained 4 during the experiment. Finally, the optimum values were achieved for adsorption parameters such as adsorption time and adsorbent amount were 42.3 min and 0.143 gr, respectively, and also the maximum adsorption rate was obtained 98%. Investigation of the adsorption isotherm kinetics showed that the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm fit the Cr (IV) data well. After the adsorption process, the adsorbent can be removed from the environment by a magnetic field.

 

---

Objective: An entomological survey was carried out for Leishmania vector incrimination of sand flies in northwestern Iran. Materials and Methods: Among other specimens, 358 sand flies belong to the Sergentomyia Genus were tested for leptomonad infection using semi-nested PCR method as well as sequence anlalysis of ITS-rDNA fragment. Results: Results of semi-nested PCR against kietoplast DNA showed reptile leptomonad infection in two specimens of S.dentata. The ITS2 sequence analysis of the specimens revealed 76% identity with those of Leishmania (sauroleishmania) adleri of Genbank. However, further studies need to clarify the species identity of the leptomonads. Interestingly, blood meal analysis of the sand flies determined an S.sintoni specimen with mammalian hemoglobin. Conclusion: This reptile related sauroleishmania parasites lacks the Lipophosphoglican (LPG) necessary for entrance to human phagocytes cells, and hence are not human pathogen. However, the GlycoInositoPhosphoLipid (GIPL) molecules of this parasite reacts with sera of kala-azar patients and may cause false positive scores in sero-epidemiological surveys for kala-azar. Sauroleishmania can be transmitted to human by infected bite of some Sergentomyia subgenera that show intermediate

---

Objective: Ajowan is an annual herbaceous essential oil of Carum copticom. The main components of the oil are Tymol, β-pinene, γ- terpinene and Sabinene.The fruit oil of Carum copticum has been reported to have several therapeutic effects including anti fungal, anti bacterial and anti viral,... Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus and transforms into pathogenic form in favorable conditions, causing fungal diseases. Materials and Methods: In this study, essential oil and alcoholic extract of Carum copticum were gained and Microdilution Broth method were used for detection of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of 11 clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Standard strain (PTCC50-27). Results: Results show that MIC for essential oil is 0.43 µg/ml, 0.87 µg/ml and for alcoholic extract is 3.51 µg/ml, 7.03 µg/ml, 1/75 µg/ml. Thus, it seems that Carum copticum could inhibit Candida albicans growth by a similar mechanism which occurs by Fluconazole (FLZ). In general, the results obtained in this study indicate that Carum copticum has potential values for growth inhibition of Candida albicans in vitro. Conclution: In recent years, systemic fungal infections due to Candida species have been received major consideration about inducing mortality in nosocomial patients because of increasing in immunocompromised disorders such as AIDS and hematological disorders as well as long term use of Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus sandflies. Conclusion: This is the first report on natural infection of sand flies to L. donovani in the country and since the ecology and biology of L. donovani differs extensively from L. infantum, it is necessary to perform further studies to highlight the role of L. donovani in epidemiology of VL in the region and country.

---

Objective: Relapsing fever caused by Borrelia persica is an acute tick-borne disease which is transmitted by soft ticks of Ornithodoros tholozani to human. The disease is reported from Middle East and many regions of Iran. Detection of infection is problematic since the suspected infected ticks should be fed on animal hosts such as guinea pigs and subsequently after 7-14 days, the animal blood should be microscopically investigated for Borellia spirochetes on a Giemsa stainined thick smear. This classic method named xenodiagnosis is hard, time consuming, and less reliable. In this study, the application of PCR technique has been examined for detection of Borellia persica in soft ticks of O. tholozani. Materials and Methods: Tick specimens were collected from northwestern Iran and were fed on Borellia persica infected guinea pigs. DNA of the animal blood were extracted and used as target for PCR amplification of 16rDNA gene. Subsequently the products were subjected to sequencing. The effect of tick sex and post digestion as well as the minimum number of spirochetes on the efficiency of PCR were also tested. Results: The xenodiagnosis assay was able to detect infection in only 13.3% of the tick-bitten animal bloods whereas all of these blood specimens were PCR positive against the 16rDNA gene. There wasno difference in results of PCR for male and female of the ticks. Post digestion of infected blood meal in ticks did not affect the efficacy of PCR and the recently-fed samples showed similar results to those of completely gravid ones. A test on the threshold sensitivity of PCR assay indicated that only one spirochete is enough for the primers to anneal and to amplify the target gene. Conclusion: This study describes the first molecular assay for diagnosis of B. persica infected ticks in Iran and due to its high speed, accuracy, and applicability is a substitution method for diagnostic purposes in TBRF foci.

---

---

Bread is the main source of a large part of the energy, protein, minerals and vitamins required by humans. Aloe Vera is one of the oldest medicinal plants that beside of fiber, minerals, vitamins, amino acids and natural sugars, have antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant Therefore, its use helpful for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's, heart disease, digestive problems. This study examined the effect of addition of aloe vera powder in quantities of 1, 3, 6 and 9% (w / w based on flour) on the quality of Barberi bread, as well as changes in microbial, texture, color and water absorption properties of bread within 72 hours in order to produce the functional bread. The results showed that the adding of aloe vera powder, causing controlling the activity of microorganisms and mold and yeast, increase swelling power and reduce staling the bread. However, volume, brightness, Points smell, taste and the ability to chewing has declined. In general, investigation of breads characteristics in this study showed that the adding powder of aloe vera until 1%, causing improve the quality of shelf life and increase the healthly value of Barbari breads that is produced.

---

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of adding thyme and pennyroyal powder in the diet of quail on the microbial and sensorial characteristics, water-holding capacity and color, in fresh meat; furthermore Variations in oxidative and acidity of quail meat during storage in refrigerated condition. For this reason two experiments were undertaken. In the first, 180 quail were randomly assigned to control group (basal diet), and groups that feed with 0.5, 1 and 1.5% thyme powder (%w/w). And in the other trial, treatments were giving to eat 0.5, 1 and 1.5%.of pennyroyal powder (%w/w). The results showed that the addition of thyme or pennyroyal leave's powder in the diet of quail, decrease microbial activity and increases water-holding capacity (p<0.05). Sensory analyses of   the samples did not showed significant differences in taste, smell and juicy properties of the samples; while the control had the softest texture and treated fed quail with pennyroyal leaves powders had the hardest texture. In all treatments, oxidation and pH changes during storage could not be explainable. Consequently, this medicinal herbal could be controlled activity of microorganisms and improved water-holding capacity and firmness, and since they had no effect on the color index, sensory properties and oxidation reactions, is a pleasurable alternative instead of antibiotics in feed of quail.

---

With the wide spread of electromagnetic waves in living environment, concerns about the harmful effects of these waves on human health have increased. However, many studies have been conducted on the biological effects of non-ionizing radiation, but there is no certainty about the effects of these radiation, especially on the nervous system. The achieved results from studies have many differences and even conflicting results have been reported. According to the previous studies, it is not yet concluded whether non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation damaging to the nervous system.  The purpose of this study is to analyze published articles about the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on the nervous system in order to extract quantitative data on the effects of these waves. The purpose of this study is to analyze published articles about the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on the nervous system in order to extract quantitative data on the effects of these waves. At first, the articles published in the ORSAA database were reviewed and divided into two categories: cellular and molecular parameters and neurological and cognitive parameters. The results obtained from the reviews and quantitative analyzes of the articles in the ORSAA database showed that in the category of cellular and molecular parameters, non-ionizing electromagnetic waves have the greatest effect on the change of enzyme activity and damage to proteins with 418 cases. Also, in the category of neurological and cognitive parameters, non-ionizing waves have the greatest effect on behavior and cognitive effects with 171 reported cases.
 

---

The major purpose of this paper is to illustarte of statistical design accuracy using trajectory simulation for launch vehicles design in conceptual design phase and also sensitivity analysis of velocity relative to effective external forces. Considering the advantages of statistical design to prevent the time and cost losses, system specification of sample launch vehicle calculated based on statistical data of the studied population. Then, by solving the equations of motion, design parameters are calculated in such a way that difference of the final velocity of trajectory simulation and needed orbital speed is less than 1 percent. Studied launch vehicles are two-stage liquid propellant vehicles, with Portability 2.5-3.5 tons mass to the low earth orbit. To validate, curves of speed, altitude and angle of path of launch vehicle designed with statistical method, compared with curves of Tsiklon launch vehicle, therefore correct operation the mission and accuracy of the statistical design algorithm is proved. By comparing ideal speed and speed of simulation, speed changes of any effective force obtained. Eventually speed loss factor at each stage and sensitive percent of each stage speed relative to the force, for both launch vehicles, statistical design and tsiklon, is analyzed.

---

Dates are one of the oldest fruit trees grown in warm and subtropical regions of the world. Each year in date-producing countries, a significant amount of palm kernel is produced as a byproduct in palm fruit processing. Due to its significant amounts of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and fiber, as well as low cost and ease of access, date palm kernel has been considered today as a functional source of high economic justification for food products. In this research, this by- product was used in the production of functional cookies. So that the effect of replacing 0 to 30 percent of date palms flour in the formula on the moisture, ash, raw and diet fiber content, phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties, colorimetric indices, firmness and sensory properties of treatments, was investigated. The results of this study indicate that increasing the replacement of palm kernel flour increased ash, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, fiber types, total acceptance, texture firmness and color index a *, and also reduced the moisture content and the index L * and b *. The evaluation of the findings especially the taste, showed that the replacement of palm kernel flour up to 20% caused producing high-quality, nutritious and durable cookies.
 

---

Nowadays hydrocolloids are one of commonly additives used in backing industry. Gums are hydrocolloids increasing water absorption leads to increased viscosity and stability of some food systems. Okra gum due to have thickening properties used as hydrocolloid in food industry. In this study the effect of okra and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gums in four levels (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 3%) on rheological properties of dough and breads were evaluated by using randomized complete block with factorial design. The results showed that an increase in hydrocolloids caused to increase in water absorption, energy of dough, resistance to deformation and extensibility while dough stability and dough development time reduced. Doughs containing 1.5% mixture gums, 3% CMC and 3% Okra have the best rheological properties and used to preparation breads. Evaluation of bread properties including moisture content, specific volume and firmness of samples and sensory properties including appearance, texture, chewability, Aroma and flavor and overall evaluation on day 1, 3 and 5 of storage showed that by increasing in hydrocolloids the moisture content and specific volume were increased and firmness was decreased. Over time lead to a decrease in moisture content and specific volume and it increased firmness of texture. According to the results of this research to improve the quality properties and shelf life extension of bread used of 3% okra gum in dough formulation can be useful.
 

---

Nowadays due to the interest of, asking for increased food production and the food industry focus on redesigning   to optimize functional as well as maintain or improve the taste and nutritional value of the product.Palm kernel due to its significant amount of compounds can be used in beneficial food production as a cheap and functional source. In this study the nutritional benefits of palm kernel meal in 3 different levels (5, 10, 15%) was added to the formula Piccoli pasta and laboratory chemical, physical, and sensory quality was conducted for three times. Palm kernel powder-free pasta also was used as a reference sample. Then amount of this features were investigated in the final product. In addition, colorimetric tests, tissue analysis of raw and cooked samples, phenolic compounds measurement and sensory evaluation of taste, color and texture of the product was done. Data analysis shows that by increasing the amount of palm kernel flour, protein and moisture decreased, but fat, ash and fiber increased. In addition cooking analysis shows that Palm kernel meal volume loss increased while the cooking time is decreased comparing to traditional product.In the sensory evaluation there was no major difference and all three were in a same acceptable level. The results show that phenolic compounds increased with increasing palm kernel flour percentage. tissue analysis does not show any particular trend in the sample. According to the results replacement of ten percent of flour with palm kernel flour has the best result of checked ones.
 

---

The purpose of this article is to design the optimum method of Propellant Management Device (PMD) of hydrazine fuel tank which used in zero-gravity conditions. To this end, numerical methods are used to analysis of the tank and the fuel behavior inside the tank with PMD to optimize system design parameters. Hence, Ansys version 17 software used to finalize modelling, analysis, meshing and consideration of fuel behavior in PMD by utilizing the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method. Also Solid Works software version 2016 is used to primary PMD and tank modeling. Then, numerical simulation is performed to consider PMD's performance and to illustrate the capillary phenomenon for continues fuel transferring in zero-gravity conditions. The design variables in tank and PMD optimization respectively are: minimizing the tank weight to safety factor ratio; dimensional specifications of tank and PMD (height, diameter, length and width dimensions). The objectives of PMD optimization are to achieve maximum volumetric and mass flow rate values. On the other hands, to achieve the most desirable amount of fuel to PMD, that at the end of the time of simulation used by flow rates curves. Numerical analysis results that are obtained include: optimal system parameters related to the specifications of the tank with minimum weight and maximum safety factor and also optimal system parameters related to specifications of PMD with maximum performance of mass and volume flow rates in zero gravity. In conclusion, by comparing the existing systems with the optimal system parameters results will be verified.

---

Withania coagulans by two water and alcoholic extraction methods and the levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% of mentioned extracts contained plant proteinase were used in cheese making. The color parameters (brightness/L*, redness/a* and yellowness/b*), physicochemical properties (pH, moisture, fat, syneresis, total protein, soluble protein in water and in 12% TCA) and total acceptance of produced cheeses were compared with the control sample (prepared with commercial recombinant chymosin 0.5% WCE-cheese and its alcoholic form, an ultrafiltrated Iranian white cheese with an acceptable quality can be produced. However, commercial application of this extract in order to replacewith microbial rennet requires the risk assessment and to convince that the WCE is harmless for the human health.

---

Carrot pomace is a byproduct obtained during carrot juice processing. It contains vitamins, minerals, fiber and anti-oxidant substance.In this studya Box-Behnken design with 3 factors were used to optimize the formulation of a functional cookie containing carrot pomace powder (CP). Effects of partial substitution of carrot pomace powder (0-15%), microwave power (600-800 W), and microwave time (60-90 s) on the properties of cookie were evaluated. The results showed that increasing substitution of carrot pomace increased the moisture, cohesiveness, Stickiness, entropy, contrast, color index a and b, density and, flavor, and overall acceptability and reduced firmness and color index L. Based On the findings, cookie sample that enriched with 13.33% of carrot pomace powderand cooked inthe microwave power with 600w during 1.04 min,was optimum sample between treatments. Total of phenol content, antioxidant activity and crude fiber was found higher in the optimum cookie than control.

---

Objective: Ilam is a border province and a high risk zone for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL). Identification of Leishmania parasite species in clinical infections is a prerequisite for planning appropriate control measures. This study investigates the demographic characteristics of patients and molecular epidemiology of Leishmania parasites in the skin lesions of patients from Ilam Province. Methods: A total of 106 cases of suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis were detected passively and microscopic slides prepared from their active skin lesions. We randomly selected 50 slides. A fragment of the rDNA-ITS1 gene was amplified after which the PCR products digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme. There were 18 samples sequenced and their phylogenetic relationships compared with sequences retrieved from GenBank. Results: Leishmania amastigotes were detected in 100 slides. The highest and lowest distribution of cases was from the Moosian and Dehloran districts, respectively. There were 68.9% males and 31.1% of cases were women. The RFLP pattern of all samples was similar to Leishmania major. Phylogenetic relationships displayed great similarity between our sequences and those of Leishmania major parasites from sandflies trapped in Ilam and South Khorasan Provinces and human hosts from Esfarayen, Mahshahr and Afghanistan plus Leishmania mexicana of Venezuelan origin classified together in the same clade. Conclusion: Due to homogeneous morphology, problems associated with the cultivation of Leishmania and the two-step molecular identification process, the rDNA-ITS1-RFLP method has gained considerable attention in recent years. This method could be used as a very sensitive, simple, rapid and inexpensive method to detect Leishmania parasites in a variety of clinical and non-clinical samples.