Today, with the arrival of the new generation of workforce in organizations, one of the most important concerns that any organization faces is low level of motivation and reduced employee participation in training courses. In order to solve this problem, one of the techniques to improve employee interaction with the training course is to use a new approach called gamification. In this way, learners' motivation to participate in training courses and, consequently, the effectiveness of the training course will be increased. The present study aims to identify the challenges of gamification design in human resource training courses based on the experiences of gamification and game experts. In accordance with this goal, a qualitative research project of the inductive theme analysis type has been adopted. Data collected from face-to-face interviews were analyzed and coded according to Clark and Brown's six-step procedure (2006). A total of 190 open codes were identified in the findings, in 23 sub-themes and 5 main themes behavioral dimensions of gamification design, organizational dimensions of gamification design, technical dimensions of gamification design, various aspects of gamification design, executive requirements of gamification design. Therefore, it is expected that by using this model, effective gamified training courses can be designed in the organization that will be useful in training the human resources of the millennial generation.

 Today, some scholars believe in which a matriarchal structure, hereditary succession is traced to a matrilineality line. The residence is matrilocal and all the essentials’ items are in the hands of women. But today we live in societies with the patriarchal and androcentric structure. Some feminist scholars believe that if a matriarchy society existed in prehistory, it may be possible to hope for the end of today's patriarchal structure. Various materials and deposits such as skeletal data and grave goods can be used to search for women, their way of life and their status in the past. With the help of research on women’s burial and how it is done in a burial site and with the help of the findings of the graves; hypotheses can be made as to the existence or absence of a matriarchal structure in that society. In this article, with the help of library research, we give a brief history of the emergence of the hypothesis of matriarchal societies and some of its features. Then, with a descriptive-analytical method and using field research conducted, we express the interpretations obtained from the findings in some burial sites in Southwest Asia. The findings indicate that there should not consider just one form of structure for all prehistoric societies in this region, and on the other hand, with all the research done in this field, there is still no firm and conclusive findings about the existence of matriarchal societies in the prehistoric area of Southwest Asia.

Today, increasing the efficiency and optimization of energy systems in terms of economic and environmental conditions is of particular importance. So far, several methods have been proposed to increase the heat transfer in thermal systems, including the use of nanofluids and types of fluid flow turbulators. In this research, the application of both nanofluid and twisted tape to improve the heat transfer coefficient were numerically investigated. Different turbulence models were used to simulate fluid turbulence. The results showed that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction, reducing the twisting ratio, and increasing the Reynolds number resulted in an increase in heat transfer. By reducing the twisting ratio from 15 to 5, the heat transfer rate increases from 8-16%. With rising Reynolds number from 10,000 to 20,000, maximum temperature differences decreases by 4.5%. Moving downstream of the flow, the difference between the maximum temperature of the sections decreases. Increasing the heat transfer and intensifying the effects of the twisted tape to downward are the reasons for this decline.