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The present study aimed to examine the use of different levels of syntactic architecture in written personal and fictional narratives in both Persian and English across three discourse communities, namely Persian native speakers, English native speakers, and Iranian EFL learners. To this end, the participants of the study were selected based on convenience sampling and were asked to write one of their happiest memories. Also, an English fable from Aseop's fables and a Persian story, chosen based on comparative literature and having the similar plot, were given to them to read and write whatever they remembered; there was no limit on the number of words and paragraphs. To analyze the data, the Berman and Nir-Sagiv's (2009) model was followed. The findings showed that in fictional narratives written by both Persian and English native speakers, isotaxis, asymmetric parataxis, complement (CMP), and parataxis levels were frequently employed; however, personal narratives in Persian were dominantly isotactic, paratactic, and asymmetric paratactic, CMP, while isotactic, hypotactic, and paratactic levels were frequent in English written personal narratives. Also, after receiving explicit instruction on different types of English sentences, the use of adverbial and relative clauses (hypotaxis level) increased in Iranian EFL learners' written narratives. It can be concluded that explicit teaching of syntactic levels enabled EFL learners to arrange their sentences correctly to express their intended meaning. Teachers can benefit from the results to gain a more comprehensive understanding of narrative connectivity and help EFL learners elaborate clause linkage in their written narrative tasks.
 

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The act of a political offender which is manifested in depicting the ineffectiveness of a governing structure or policy with a reformation motive and without violence requires a distinct legislative strategy and differential trial over ordinary criminals.
   In countries that have recognized the principle of freedom of expression, there has been no criminalization of political activities at all, but in countries where criminalization has done, penalizing in comparison to other cases especially with regard to security offenses, is balanced and distinctive.
   In Iran, after nearly four decades after the promise of the constitution to define political offences in ordinary law and how to investigate it, finally in 2015, the Law of Political Offence was adopted. However, on the one hand, the legal ambiguity about the definition of political offences and the explanation of its cases violates the "transparency principle" and has provided the basis for interpretability of legal articles and dispersion in judgments. On the other hand, judges' stereotype in considering any protesting behavior or speech of citizens anti-security due to legislator's high sensitivity to banning any act or statement of protest or critique of the sovereignty and also preferring the presumption of guilt and malice instead of the presumption of Innocence and prima facie by judges has become a serious obstacle in the way of differential investigation to political charges.  This research, in a descriptive-analytical way, explores the criminal policy of Iran with regard to political offence and its challenges using library resources.

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 Resistance literature is the most important cultural strongholds for nations under domination. This word has always been associated with anti oppression and evokes it. This genre of literature has got a long bachground in the history that because of ruling oppression in muslim countries from alien countries and also imposed wars, has got a special representation. Iran and Palestine are two prominent examples of this country. Saleh Mahmood Alhowariis one of the poets who pays special attention to Palestine. Also TaherehSafarzadeh,with his poetry has defended his nation confronting aliens, and we see manifestation of resistance in her poems. Pride and national identity and patriotism, challenge, hope for a better future, and invitation to solidarity are of the common themes in the poetry of both poets.This study intends to express the themes of resistance literature in poetry of both poets and compare these kind of themes in their poetry using library tool and descriptive-analytical method the American School of comparative literature.

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Soil-dwelling mites and among them Gamasina (Acari, Mesostigmata) are widely distributed in soils, rich in species and have great ecological significance in the respective ecosystems. A survey was conducted to study Laelapidae (Mesostigmata) mites in Ahwaz (Khuzestan province), Iran during 2010-2012. Samples were taken from soil and litters and then mites extracted using Berlese funnel, cleared in lactic acid and mounted in Hoyer's medium. Among some species of this family, Gaeolaelaps jondishapouri n. sp., collected from soil is described and illustrated. G. jondishapouri n. sp. is characterized by dorsal shield with 39 pairs of setae (including Px2-3), r6 and R1-6 being off dorsal shield on soft lateral cuticle; posterior part of dorsal shield with abrupt contraction between S4 and S5 setae; st1 on weakly sclerotized pre-sternal area out of sternal shield, iv1-2 slit-like. A key to the adult females of the species of Gaeolaelaps with abrupt constriction in dorsal shield (Karg’s angusta species group) is provided.

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Edaphic Mesostigmata are important, because these feed on arthropods and other invertebrates which may affect on natural equilibrium position of oter living micro-organisms. In order to study the fauna of mesostigmatid mites, samples of soil, litter were collected from different parts of Esfahan region. Mites were extracted by means of Berlese funnel, cleared in Lactic acid and mounted with Hoyer's medium. In this research, the world and Iranian distribution of species with some information about their habitats were provided. Two genera and 3 species were recorded as new records for Iran mite fauna that are marked by an asterisk. The list of identified genera and species is as follows: Ascidae: Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940), A. pristinus^* Karg, 1962, A. venustulus (Berlese, 1917), Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese, 1918); Blattisociidae: Lasioseius sugawarai Ehara, 1964, L. youcefi Athias-Henriot, 1959; Melicharidae: Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Muller, 1860); Parholaspididae: Proparholaspulus^* angustatus^* Ishikawa, 1987 Trachytidae: Uroseius^* traegardhi^* (Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol, 1969).  

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Aims: The purpose of this study is to introduce Ecovillage as a comprehensive model for the sustainable development of human settlements, which is an appropriate response to the challenges in the target urban-villages and Farahzad as the case study.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical approach has been applied in this study. In the theoretical part of the research, the principles of ecovillages have been investigated through the study and analysis of written documents and articles (documentary method) and the conceptual framework and general goals of Urban-Village sustainable development have been developed based on the ecovillage model. In terms of experimental studies, several field studies and site visits have been done in order to better understand the case study and its situation. The urban design framework of Farahzad Urban-Village has been developed based on AHP Analytic hierarchy process.
Findings: According to the study findings, the ecovillage model includes four key dimensions of environmental, social, economic and cultural and 18 principles that in Farahzad, environmental dimension and then social and economic dimension are the most important. The selected framework of Farahzad village is based on AHP, based on emphasizing its role in tourism and Residential, and considering both local and tourism areas.
Conclusion: The ecovillage is a comprehensive model for the sustainable development of Farahzad urban-village and the target villages. The principles and objectives of ecovillages include both substantive and procedural dimensions, which can be accomplished through a bottom-up process involving local residents and institutions.
 

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Literature is one of the most important factors of cultural transferring for every nation and has elements and components as complex as life and culture. If we consider criticism as a tool of leading literature to creativity, then we will perceive its crucial situation among the societies because the alive conscience of literature releases it from self deception. Critics select different procedures in the frame of their proficiency and interest in this way. Moral criticism, social criticism, psychological criticism, historical criticism, aesthetic criticism and comparative criticism are of the most important branches of literary criticism that besides merging with other sciences, they prove the dependency of literature on science from one hand and on the culture of society on the other. This research, using an analytical approach to social criticism, aims to reach a kind of convergence beyond the different and sometimes contradictory ideas in this field, while explicating the foundations of social criticism in literature. Therefore, to assume the society as the subject of a writer's thoughts instead of his/her source of thought, defining the individuality of an artist or a writer (which helps to distinguish his/her point of view and accepting the artistic aspect of literary works as the distinction between science and art) removes a lot of challenges in this field.

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Pseudoparasitus talebii Nemati, Malekshah-koohi & Afshari n. sp. is described and illustrated based on female specimens collected from soil in Golestan province, Gorgan region, Iran. The definition of Pseudoparasitus oudemans is revised and new definition is presented.    

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  Accepting differences between knowledge-based organizations and other organizations with respect to the philosophy of existence, nature of the activities and their differentiated employees, we intend to present a proper model with surveying existing models. The presented model should be applicable in the compensation system in knowledge based organizations. Components Influencing compensation systems identified and classified into two main groups of financial and non-financial and four sub-division categories through studying existing models. According to the experts, 8 main effective components in compensation of these organizations were identified. Finally, based on 8 selected components and with the exploiting of the experts opinion and using of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique, a prioritizing and leveling model for compensation system of knowledge-based organizations was developed. In this designed model, nonfinancial factors such as job-related factors (job challenge and growth opportunities) and factors related to the job environment (having a floating work hours and workplace conditions) have higher priority. This means that these Factors in compensation system are more important and have more influence.  

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The pollution of aquatic ecosystems may affect natural reproduction of fish populations by decreasing the fertilization efficiency. Among the various sources of pollution, heavy metals are important group, being found in both freshwater and marine environment. The present study investigated changes of sperm characteristics of Caspimyzon wagneri when exposed to Manganese (Mn). Spermatozoids were exposed to 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg l^‑1 of Mn, duration of sperm motility and percent of motile sperms were measured using a light microscope and digital camera as a semi-quantitative method. Total duration of spermatozoids motility decreased with increase of Mn concentration in all treatments. This study indicated that Mn could seriously affect the reproductive success of the Caspian lamprey in a polluted environment through decreasing the duration of spermatozoid motility and possibly fertilization and hatching rates. Hence, contact to this metal could decrease the survival rate of this endangered species, especially during the reproduction.

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Edaphic mites of the order Mesostigmata have important effects in soil ecosystems and food chains.In order to study the fauna of Laelapidae (Mesostigmata), soil samples were collected from different parts of Shahreza vicinity in Esfahan province, Iran, during 2010-2012. Among collected species a new species of Gaeolaelaps has been collected from soil and litter and described based on adult female specimens. Some morphological characters of G. jondishapouri Nemati & Kavianpour were discussed in this paper. A key to Gaeolaelaps species of Iran is provided.  

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One of the most important factors in the economic development of countries is the growth of the foreign sector of the international economy and trade. In other words, having extensive trade exchanges is one of the main factors of the economic growth of countries. In this regard, one of the new topics in the field of organizations is the application of the concepts of digitalization and information technology in the management of service and production organizations which take place in the fourth industrial revolution. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current situation of Iran's customs in terms of the components of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The current study is applied research because in addition to the scientific aspect, it will also have a practical aspect for companies and organizations, especially customs. In terms of method, the present study is quantitative research examining the current situation, the obtained data are classified into seven main categories: Utilization of modern technologies, facilities and infrastructure, cooperation and interaction, policies and laws, management and planning, international and external factors and the structure of the organization. The results showed that the current situation of customs has been favorable in terms of the components of the fourth industrial revolution.

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Aims: The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model related to the direct impact of built environment on the depression of urban residents and its indirect impact through social interactions and the ranking of influential elements.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical approach has been applied in this study and qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to achieve the goal of the study. The study has 3 main parts: In the first part, the concepts of research and the relationship between them have been investigated by searching the sources and and analyzing them to explain the direct and indirect effect of the built environment on depression. In the second part, using experts' questionnaire and Shannon entropy method, the significant coefficient of the elements and their ranking were determined. In the third part, the conceptual model of the study is presented based on the relationships between the concepts of the research.
Findings: Based on Shannon entropy method, Among the influential elements of the environment, green spaces and parks in residential areas have the highest significant coefficient and are ranked first in the impact on the depression of urban residents, followed by public spaces, noise pollution, environmental security and indoor environment quality, air pollution, pedestrian network, visual pollution and public transportation are among the 10 main elements. According to the conceptual model, factors affecting depression include micro scales (individual), meso scale (local community) and macro scale (fundamental) which the elements of the meso-scale environment interact with other micro- and macro-scale factors directly and indirectly affect the residents' depression.
Conclusion: According to the ranking of the influential elements of the environment and the high significant coefficient of green and public spaces, neighborhood green spaces and parks should be given more attention, and with the appropriate design of public spaces and suitable environments for pedestrians, create opportunities for social contact and the gathering of local residents in order to reduce the prevalence of depression in urban areas helped.
 

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This research has accomplished answering following question, what is the suitable model of customer equity what are the relationship between its variables. Survey method used for data gathering and data analyzed using correlation method. The statistical population consisted of Tehran branches Keshavrzi banks customers, which 384 samples selected using stratified sampling method and Krejcie and Morgan table. We used questionnaire for data gathering and LISREL software for data analyzing. Findings show that research model has three independent variables which are value equity, bran equity and relationship equity and two dependent variables which are customer equity and purchase intention. Also, the results depicted that relationship equity and value equity has greater effect on customer equity and brand equity does not have direct significant effect on customer equity. Also, customer equity drivers does not have any significant effect on customer purchase intention.        

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Soil-dwelling mites and especially Gamasina (Mesostigmata) are very important to soil ecosystems. They are one of the major groups rich in species and abundance. In order to study mesostigmatic mite fauna, soil samples were collected from different oak forests of Lordegan region. The mites were extracted using Berlese-Tullgren funnels and then cleared in Lactic acid and mounted in Hoyer's medium. This study reports on the distribution of soil mesostigmatids in Iran and world-wide. Twenty species belonging to 13 genera of five families were collected and identified. Species are listed as follows: Ascidae: Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940), Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese, 1918), Antennoseius (Antennoseius) bacatus Athias-Henriot, 1961, Antennoseius (Antennoseius) masoviae (Sellnick, 1943). Blattisociidae: Lasioseius youcefi Athias-Henriot, 1959. Laelapidae: Cosmolaelaps rectangularis Sheals, 1962, Euandrolaelaps karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903), Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883), Gaeolaelaps minor (Costa, 1968), Gaeolaelaps oreithyiae (Walter & Oliver, 1989), Haemolaelaps fenilis (Megnin, 1875), Haemolaelaps shealsi (Costa, 1968), Haemolaelaps schusteri (Hirschmann, 1966), Laelaspis kamalii Joharchi and Halliday, 2012, Laelaspis missouriensis (Ewing, 1904), Gymnolaelaps canestrinii (Berlese, 1903), Gymnolaelaps obscuroides (Costa, 1968). Ologamasidae: Sessiluncus hungaricus Karg, 1964, Allogamasellus sp.; Veigaiidae: Veigaia planicola Berlese, 1882. The genus Allogamasellus and Haemolaelaps schusteri are reported for the first time for Iranian mite fauna and the male of Laelaspis kamalii is reported for the first time for world fauna.

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The reaction of nineteen different cultivars of Cucurbita spp. including Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima and Lagenaria siceraria to Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora melonis and Phytophthora drechsleri was studied under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown in steam sterilized soil. One-month-old plants were inoculated with vermiculate hempseed extract inocula of Phytophthora and were flooded for 24 hours. The activity of the pathogens was monitored during the experiment by using citrus leaf discs. Seedling mortality was monitored two months after inoculation. None of the species were infected with P. drechsleri or P. melonis. Cucurbita maxima cultivars Hamedan and ACE South Korea, C. pepo cultivar Shabestar and Lagenaria siceraria were not infected with P. capcisi. The possibility of using these cultivars as root stocks for grafting against Phytophthora species is discussed.

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In this study 46 species of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and their 17 associated mite species from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province reigns with some specimens collected from Yasouj and Dezful have been examined. Four species of mites were new for Iran: Sennertia zhelochovtsevi Zachvatkin, Vidia lineata Oudemans, Sennertionyx manicati (Giard) and Crabrovidia oudemansi Fain. These mites were found on bees’ families of Halictidae, Megachilidae, Apidae and Andrenidae. The identified mites were belonging to families of Neopygmephoridae, Scutacaridae, Chaetodactylidae, Anoetidae, Acaridae, Saproglyphidae and Winterschmidtiidae. Among bees’ families, the most association was observed on Halictidae and the lowest was on Andrenidae. Bee species of Halictus (Halictus) resurgens Nurse, 1903 had the highest percentage of association. All specimens are deposited in the Iranian Pollinator Insects Museum of Yasouj University. Herein a list of mite species associated with bees and bees’ species list are provided. Some specimens belong to genera of Imparipes Berlese, 1903 (n=12 specimens) and Chaetodactylus Rondani, 1866 (n=11 specimens) were new for science which would be described in a subsequent paper.

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The rise of bacterial infections has become a serious problem in human societies. As a result, the development of nanocomposite materials based on biocompatible and non-hazardous materials, besides having antimicrobial and biocompatibility or non-cytotoxicity, associated with unique structural properties, possesses a great importance. Research approach: In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC)/polypyrrole (PPy) and zinc nanoparticles (ZnO), which simultaneously have antimicrobial properties and cell proliferation, were introduced as a new generation of nanocomposite scaffolds produced by freeze-drying. To begin with, ZnO with different weight percentages of 1%, 3% and 5% was added to BC and then PPy in the amount of 2 mmol was embedded in the structure by in situ polymerization. FESEM images proved that the nanofibrous and porous structure of BC was also preserved in the presence of PPy and ZnO. However, after adding PPy and ZnO, they formed a dense structure and microstructure of grape clusters. By adding 2 mmol PPy into BC and upon in situ synthesizing, the tensile strength and Young modulus of BC were significantly reduced to 71 MPa and 2.5 GPa, respectively. On the other hand, with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles, the mechanical properties significantly increased (both of Young modulus and tensile strength compared to BC/PPy samples) due to the compaction of the nanocomposite aerogel’s structure and the formation of the interface of ZnO nanoparticles with both polymers of BC and PPy. The observation of the inhibition zone in the culture medium containing two gram-positive and negative bacteria, well proved the antibacterial ability of ternary nanocomposite scaffolds. The results of MT9 related to L929 on aerogels showed that by adding 3% of ZnO nanoparticles, adhesion and cell proliferation increased significantly during different days of 1 day, 5 days and 7 days of culture.

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Mites of the families Parasitidae and Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) are among the most common and widely distributed mites of the suborder Gamasina. During 2015-2017, fauna of parasitid and laelapid (Acari: Mesostigmata) mites from domestic animal manure collected and surveyed in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran.Totally, four Parasitidae species belonging to three genera and seven Laelapidae species belonging to four genera collected from domestic animal manure in Khuzestan Province. Among them, Cornigamasus ocliferius Skorupski & Witaliński, 1997 is a new record for mite fauna of Asia and Androlaelaps projecta Furman, 1972 is a new name for mite fauna of Iran. Four species are new to Khuzestan Province fauna as well. We also recorded six manure-associated species which have never been previously reported from manure in Iran. Parasitus fimetorum (Berlese, 1904) was the most frequent Parasitidae species among our records. The mites distribution and habitats data in Khuzestan Province are provided for all of the species, together with some taxonomic and bio-ecological notes.