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This paper investigates static behavior of multilayered functionally grated piezoelectric plates under thermal loads. The plate with functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) is assumed to be graded through the thickness by a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Considering the thermal coefficients of piezoelectric material in the constitutive equations (the terms that will couple temperature effects to the piezoelectric properties, named pyroelectric constants) and using the kinematic assumptions of first-order shear plate theory (FSDT), the constitutive equation of FGP plate is written. Then, by using principle of virtual work, the governing equations of a FGP plate is obtained. These equations are solved by finite element method using eight node shell element. Functionally graded piezoelectric plate under static loading, different layers and boundary conditions are considered and results in various thermal loadings have been obtained. Deflection and voltage results for different power law exponent and different boundary conditions are shown. In this paper, the influence of power law index on the static behavior of FGPM plate (including deflection and voltage) under thermal loading is investigated. These responses can be used as a criteria for design of FGP sensors and actuators in the thermal environment.

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Salicylic acid has been found to play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development in response to environmental stresses. In the present study, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) (0 and 0.1 mM) on growth parameters and some physiological characteristics of two strawberry cultivars ("Kurdistan" and "Queen Elisa") was investigated under drought stress treatments (-0.1 and -1 MPa). Experimental design was factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that drought stress decreased leaf area, leaf dry matter, shoot dry matter, total dry matter, relative water content, stomatal conductance, yield, and fruit weight. Salicylic acid application increased total leaf area and leaf and shoot dry matter in both cultivars. Leaf number, root dry matter, total dry matter, yield and fruit weight were increased by SA application in "Kurdistan" under drought stress. "Kurdistan" cultivar had higher RWC than "Queen Elisa" and SA application increased RWC, proline and soluble carbohydrate in "Kurdistan" compared to "Queen Elisa" under drought stress conditions. RWC, proline and soluble carbohydrate of “Queen Elisa" did not change with SA spray. Total soluble protein was not affected in "Kurdistan" under drought stress, while "Queen Elisa" showed a reduction in total protein. SA application increased catalase and peroxidase activity in both cultivars under drought stress. In conclusion, “Kurdistan” was less susceptible to drought stress than “Queen Elisa” because “Kurdistan” showed less reduction in leaf number and area, crown, and total dry matter compared to “Queen Elisa”. SA application altered some physiological responses of both cultivars under drought stress. The effect of SA was more pronounced in "Kurdistan” than "Queen Elisa".