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This study sheds light on Ben Lovatt's idiosyncratic characterization, cognitive impairment, and peculiar perception of the world through the lens of cognitive and stylistic features such as schema and cognitive theories. It explores Ben's inability to make meaningful sense of the outside world, his failure to activate adequate schemata when necessary, and his foregrounded conceptual metaphor. Exploring Ben's foregrounded linguistic and cognitive patterns reveal that Ben, in many aspects, proves the particular belief in the story that he seems to be on the threshold between humanity and animality or a throwback who belongs to centuries ago. However, despite Ben's human-animal hybridity, the most striking point about the analysis of Ben's mind style is that Ben seems to be beyond the descriptions of other characters and has a particular way of seeing the world, which makes him seem different from others. This difference, eventually, causes his exclusion from the world and his suicide.
 

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In this research, closed-cell natural rubber foams were produced using a single-step compression molding. The effect of carbon black content on morphology, physical and mechanical properties of the foams were examined. Results showed that in this methodology, the foam density was independent of reinforcement percentage, which is a unique characteristic of single-step foams that contrasts with other previous observations. The study of curing behavior of foam compounds showed that the carbon black increasing from 0 to 30 phr increased the crosslink density (CLD) from 6.5 to 8.3*10^-5 mol/cm³, the cure rate from 16.1 to 23.2 (%/min) and the ultimate torque from 5.8 to 10.4 Nm, while, reduced curing time from 9.2 to 5.8 min. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the reinforcement acted as a nucleation agent increasing the cell density from 8 N/cm³ to 140 N/cm³ and reducing the cell size from 579µm to 255µm. The increase of reinforcing content in the produced foams reduced the cells size and enhanced the properties of the rubber matrix. Accordingly, the modulus and hardness of the foams were increased by  0.8MPa and 40 shore A, respectively. Results of sound absorption and reflection showed that the rubber foam reflects the sound waves more than 90% and absorbs waves about 10%.

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The dust produced by the electric arc method in the ferrochrome factory contains high amounts of hexavalent chromium, which has a high solubility in water and causes high environmental pollution. The present research has proposed a new method for neutralization of hexavalent chromium present in ferrochrome dust in solution environment by using chemical precipitation method. After checking conventional and non-conventional additives for neutralization by co-precipitation method, Iron sulfate is added to the aforementioned wastewater before release into the environment as a reducing agent of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. Next, calcium sulfate was used as a stable complex forming factor in the system to remove chromium. XRD and XRF analyzes were used to characterize the dust and UV-Visible to determine the amount of chromium removed from the wastewater. The results showed that for 100 g/l of dust dissolved in water, adding 30 g of iron sulfate in the first stage and 20 g of calcium sulfate in the second stage reduces the content of hexavalent chromium from high values to below 10 ppm. Easy, high speed, cheapness and availability of additives are the merits of this method.


 

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Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as an ectoparasitoid of larval stage of lepidopterous pests is widely used in biological control programs. In the present research, the effect of field recommended doses of imidacloprid, indoxacarb and deltamethrin were studied on life table parameters of H. hebetor in pupal stage treatment. One hundred, two-day-old pupae were treated with 1 micro liter insecticide solution using topical method. The pupae were treated with acetone in the control. Thirty emerged adults in each treatment were transferred individually to a Petri dish along with a male for mating. Three last instar larvae of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were presented to each female wasp daily as host. The numbers of eggs produced per female per day were counted until all of the females were dead. The gross and net reproductive rates in control, imidacloprid, indoxacarb and deltamethrin were 204.6, 207.7, 209.1 and 112.1 and also 75, 41.3, 64.6 and 14.9, respectively. Intrinsic rates of increase were estimated to be 0.215, 0.154, 0.205 and 0.14 female offspring/female/day, respectively. Deltamethrin and imidacloprid had the most adverse effects on life table parameters of H. hebetor. Intrinsic rate of increase was not significantly affected by indoxacarb. These findings indicated that indoxacarb was relatively safe for H. hebetor and could be an appropriate candidate in integrated chemical and biological control.

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There are a number of ideas to generate cloud and precipitation in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea, but none of them explain the cause of precipitation particularly heavy and super heavy precipitations precisely. This study describes main thermodynamic factors when the situation and location of synoptic patterns are effective. On the basis of daily data, monthly regimes and monthly trends of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), difference between 2m air temperature and SST over the Caspian Sea as well as the SST gradients in different distances on latitude and its anomaly were calculated. For recognition of synoptic conditions, humidity advection, geopotential and sea level pressure maps were drawn. The results showed that there are three thermodynamic factors over the Caspian Sea to produce precipitation particularly from September to December. The first factor is arrangement and well organized of the SST gradients as it decreases from the south to the north of Caspian Sea. Also, the SST over the Sea must be enough warm to produce clouds and precipitation. The last factor is the difference between 2m air temperature and SST. When the synoptic patterns in different pressure levels are suitable for instability, the air-sea interaction process is the most important factor to produce the advection humidity, clouds and precipitation particularly heavier precipitation events in the north of Iran.

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Aims: The lands of Abbas Abad have a special place and position in the city of Tehran, and for this reason, during the last half century, it has always been considered by decision makers, planners, planners and urban designers. The urban plans presented for these lands, in addition to the design-spatial aspects, contain special ideological dimensions that may not be obvious at first glance. Understanding and explaining these dimensions is the main purpose of this forthcoming article.
Methods: In order to better understand these two aspects, the method of discourse analysis is used. Accordingly, relying on a structuralist approach based on linguistic teachings in the face of existing documents, the two parts of intra-lingual and extra-lingual factors are opposed to each other.
Results: Based on the methodological approach of the article, on the one hand, intralingual factors include design-spatial aspects of the design and on the other hand, extralinguistic factors related to its ideological aspects.  Accordingly, it is shown that the existing ideas in the design-spatial dimensions of each of the proposed plans are an attempt to realize a part of the ideological dimension of this plan; Which, ironically, can be seen in their first perspectives.
Conclusion: Despite the formal differences in the spatial dimensions of urban plans of Abbas Abad lands in the two time periods considered in the article, each of these plans has a specific and unique ideological logic. Follows himself; Which is clearly tied to the initial perspectives of the designs.

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The calling behavior of virgin carob moth females, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lep.: Pyralidae) was evaluated under two different thermal regimes, cycling and constant temperatures under laboratory condition. The period of calling activity under cycling temperature was prolonged and the total period of calling activity of an individual female was increased. Although moths maintained under cycling temperature started calling later for the first time significantly in the scotophase than those maintained at 25 °C, but the calling activity at cycling temperature was higher than at 25 °C. At two temperature regimes, the mean onset time of calling (MOTC) advanced from about 441 to 189.5^th min after the onset of the scotophase, and the mean time spent calling (MTSC) increased by > 120 min over the eight days. MTSC and MOTC for cycling thermal regime were 96.8 ± 6.5 and 275.9 ± 9.3 min respectively. We assumed that the extension of the calling period under cycling temperature might be due to potential similarities of the temperature regime to natural thermal fluctuations which could lead to an increased proportion of females mated; apart from its importance in efficacy of sex pheromone extraction under laboratory conditions.

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Today, the population of cities along with their socio-economic issues has created a new form of city and urbanization. Tehran province has seen the most changes in the city and urbanization due to the establishment of the capital, the metropolis of Tehran. The question is what are the consequences of urban demographic changes in Tehran province? Therefore, this study tries to investigate the consequences of demographic changes in Tehran province on its urban network during the years 1355-1395. The research method is descriptive and analytical and its type is inferential. The data were extracted by library method and analyzed using regional planning models such as city rank-size and prime city index, entropy and prime city coefficient, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. The results show that the increase in urban population in Tehran province is due to the dispersal of the metropolis of Tehran and the concentration of urban population in the western part of the province is higher than other aspects of communication. Although medium-sized cities have partially repaired the spatial rupture in the province's urban network, according to the rank-size model, the distance between the metropolis of Tehran and other cities in the province is still very large and there is no balance in the province's urban network. Meanwhile, the urban population is not uniformly but in a cluster around the metropolis of Tehran and in the next order of medium-sized cities.

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Tourism is one of the most important industries in the world, enabling tourists to learn about different languages, cultures, traditions and lifestyles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of sports tourists using the SOR model. The research method is a descriptive survey in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The study's statistical population includes all mountain sports tourists of the Tochal recreational-sport complex in Tehran. The sample size was determined using PASS software, 300 people. The data collection tool was the tourism behavior Questionnaire, Supping 2012, whose validity was confirmed by ten professors of Iranian universities who studied sports tourism and consumer behavior. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability, and Cronbach's alpha value was 0.91. The results showed that the destination image impacted sports tourists' prerequisites and personal quality. The way information is also influenced by the preconditions and personal quality of sports tourists; peers also have a positive and significant effect on the preconditions and personal quality of sports tourists. Variables such as preconditions and mental quality significantly affected the behavioral response of sports tourists.

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Objectives: Based on external factors affecting creativity, and since creativity is a practice that is learned from the environment and is influenced by environmental conditions, the educational environment as a container in which teaching and learning takes place is very important in teaching and fostering creativity. The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial qualities affecting students 'creativity in the educational environment from the students' point of view and its analysis based on a review of theoretical foundations.
Methods:  The Conventionat qualitative Content Analysis method and MAXQDA software have been selected as the analysis tool to analyze the data obtained from semi-structured interviews with students and to compile spatial components affecting creativity.
Findings: The research findings have identified seven spatial qualities including stimulation, flexibility, connection with nature, diversity of behavioral domains, unity, comfort and sensory richness as effective components on the emergence, promotion and continuity of creativity and their explanatory characteristics.
Conclusion: The results show that creativity is not a function of specific time and place and predetermined needs, and people prefer quality based on their specific moods and needs for each stage of the creative process. What is important here is the existence of a wide range of environmental capabilities that can meet the needs of students in navigating the creative process. An environment that can allow them curiosity, ideation, thinking, interaction, initiative, fluidity, flexibility and other components of creativity.

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The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on induction of resistance against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and the effect of M. javanica to induce biochemical defense responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) roots at six-leaf stage were investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of different concentrations of SA on mortality of second stage juveniles of M. javanica was examined. Changes in the activity of cytoplasmic peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzymes in the roots of tomato seedlings were measured during seven successive days after inoculation with M. javanica in greenhouse. SA was used as soil drench and leaf spray. The efficiency of treatments were evaluated by measuring diameter of galls, number of galls per plant, number of egg masses per plant, number of eggs per individual egg mass, root and foliage fresh weights. The results showed that use of SA as soil drench and leaf spray significantly reduce diameter of galls 28% and 32%, number of galls per plant 40% and 44%, number of egg masses per plant 45% and 49% and number of eggs per individual egg mass 53% and 55% compared to control (inoculated with nematode only). The activity of the enzymes (POX, CAT and PAL) increased in comparison with plants treated with distilled water. The maximum level of larva mortality was observed at 7 mM SA with no significant difference at concentration of 6 mM. SA caused 21.2% mortality of larvae at concentration of 5 mM.    

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The moisture flux convergence (MFC) and relative humidity in dusty days at different times and levels over the Alvand Mountain was investigated. The required basic data for the years 2009-2012, including relative humidity, visibility and synoptic codes, were gathered from Hamadan synoptic station, while sea level pressure, uwind, vwind and specific humidity data were gathered from NCER/NCAR site. The dusty days were categorized into four groups, according to WMO protocol. Sea level pressure (SLP) patterns were classified using cluster analysis (CA). MFC function, jet stream and omega maps were computed using special moisture and horizontal and vertical components of wind, SLP and omega data in various levels and times for each sea level pressure pattern. The results showed 6 categorized patterns of sea level pressure. The highest values of MFC were observed at 1000, 925 and 850 hPa levels and at 12:00 and 18:00 UTC. MFC value strongly decreased in dusty days at the 700, 600 and 500 hPa and at 06:00 UTC. The relative humidity significantly decreased at 12:00, while the maximum increase was recorded at 18:00 and 00:00 UTC.

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Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) is a serious pest of tomato throughout the world. The life history and the life table parameters of T. absolutawere studied on 12 different commercial tomato cultivars. The longest larval developmental period (12.92 ± 0.11 days), the longest total developmental time (26.20 ± 0.22 days), the longest total pre-oviposition period (29.31 ± 0.63 days) and the shortest oviposition period (5.08 ± 0.43 days) were recorded on Korral cultivar. The highest pupal mortality was found on Korral (23.53%) and the lowest larval and pupal growth indices were observed on Korral (6.57and 8.87, respectively). The highest and the lowest overall mortalities were observed on Korral (35.00%) and on Valouro (21.67%), respectively. The lowest and the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) were found on Korral (0.1046 ± 0.0005 day^-1) and on Valouro (0.1584 ± 0.0002 day^-1) cultivars. Also the lowest finite rate of increase (λ) (1.1102 day^-1) and the highest doubling time (6.63 days) of the tomato leafminer were observed on Korral cultivar. Therefore, it was concluded that among the 12 tomato cultivars that were studied in this research, Korral was relatively unsuitable to T. absolutaand can be used in the integrated control programs (IPM) of this pest.

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Taq-Bostan Boulevard (Shahid Shiroudi) in Kermanshah city, due to the very rich history and culture of this city, has become one of the most important tourist and recreational destinations. However, the lighting conditions in this boulevard are still not ideal in a way that can add more beauty and charm to the urban space. As a result, the intelligent lighting design of Taq-Bostan Boulevard by using neural network algorithms and providing the appropriate algorithm can improve the lighting and visual conditions of this boulevard, and add more attractiveness to the urban space of Kermanshah city. In this article, first of all, the challenges of lighting sidewalks and implementation points in the design of urban street lighting have been examined. Then, considering the two factors of citizens’ satisfaction and visual beauty as outputs, as well as color temperature, illuminance, lamp type and luminance as model inputs, the MLP neural network algorithm was used for Taq-Bostan Boulevard in Kermanshah. is to design a smart and suitable lighting system for it. The proposed design has the most optimal conditions because the MRE and MAE errors obtained from the neural which is very ideal. Therefore, the designed lighting system ,%0.035 network are less than.aims for the psychological comfort and security of the citizens.

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Aims: The psychological capital is one of the important indicators of positive psychology and it has positive outcomes for students. The present research aimed at studying the status of psychological capital of students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and its related factors.
Instruments and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical cross sectional research was conducted among 384 students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method.  Luthans et al.’s psychological capital questionnaire was employed for the data collection and data analysis was performed, using SPSS 22 software by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test).
Findings: A total of 150 participants (39.2%) were male and 233 (60.8%) were female; 351 participants (91.6%) were single and 32 (8.4%) were married. The mean score of the psychological capital of students was 89.09±9.98. Minimum and maximum means were measured for Optimism and Self-efficacy. There was a significant relationship between sex, field of study, academic degree, and faculty place with psychological capital (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Factors such as sex, field of study, academic degree, and faculty place are effective in the psychological capital of students.

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Modern architecture is generally tied to the concept of abstraction. This means that, contrary to the metaphorical spirit of architecture in the earlier ages, it is less possible to find meaning and signification in modern forms.
This is while the architectural form has been historically met by expressing the metaphorical notions of symbolic systems such as culture, nature, history, and so on. However, since metaphor is mixed with language and thinking in its general sense, one can ask the question: "Can the works of the pioneers of modern architecture identify the forms of metaphor?" In order to answer this question, first, the definition of metaphor and its functions in the fields of literature, philosophy and art have been discussed. Then, by categorizing a variety of metaphors in architecture into tangible and intangible forms, the comparative study of a number of outstanding nineteenth-century architectural works as well as the works of modern architecture of the twenty-first century is based on the tangible or intangible metaphor of the metaphor. In this way, the result of this study shows that, although within a century, modern architecture has turned its back on abstraction with its separation of history, this abstraction has focused on the elimination of metaphorical manifestations, and the footprint of intangible metaphors can be found in the the pioneers of modern architecture in the twentieth century.

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Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a cosmopolitan and serious pest of cereal grains and their products in storage. In this research, nutritional indices and digestive enzymatic activity of T. castaneum fourth instar and adults were studied on ten barley cultivars (Fajr30, Behrokh, Sahra, Makuyi, Neek, Lout, Bahman, Nosrat, Abidar, and Sahand) at 30 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 75 ± 5% and darkness conditions. The results showed that fourth instars and adults reared on cultivars Makuyi and Fajr30 had the lowest weight gain, efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), relative growth rate and growth rate (GR) values. However, T. castaneum fed on cultivar Lout showed the highest weight gain, ECI and GR. The highest amylolytic activity of larvae was on cultivar Bahman, whereas the lowest activity was on cultivars Makuyi and Neek. Amylolytic activity of adults was the highest on cultivar Makuyi, and the lowest on cultivar Lout. Moreover, proteolytic activity of fourth instar was the highest when larvae were fed on cultivar Sahra and the lowest when they were fed on cultivars Behrokh and Makuyi. The highest proteolytic activity of adults was on cultivar Abidar, and the lowest on cultivar Bahman. The results of this study indicated that cultivars Fajr30 and Makuyi were less nutritive and cultivar Lout was more nutritive to T. castaneum. Therefore, more attention should be paid to manage the pest on cultivar Lout as a susceptible cultivar.
 

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Evaluation is one of the important stages in the process of planning, which helps to optimise plans and make proper decisions and increases the possibilitis and realizability of the plans. Lack of attention to this fact in the past decades, has caused heavy socio- economic and environmental costs for the body of our Islamic society, in such a way that it has confronted the country’s managment with non-optimal decesion-making. Paying more attention to evaluation and then it’s institutionali Sation can greatly help to decrease these costs. Evaluation of governmental organizations performance can play a significant role in optimising of decisions and increasing people’s satisfaction. In order to provide a scientific explanation to the imposed costs coming from missing links in the country’s planning management, an attempt was made in the present research to evaluate the performance of rural well-being complexes as governmental organisations, which have a long history in providing services for villagers. Also an attempt was made to examine the factors affecting these complexes from different aspects such as the viewpoint of villagers and personnel of the complexes. For this purpose, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used. The villages of Kavardeh, Imam taghi and Deheshk in Mashad township were chosen for the field study. The findings indicated that socio-economical, physical and organisational factors are significantly effeclive on the function of the studied well-being complexes.

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Primary production is a key indicator in the evalution of aquatic ecosystems that can directly affect carbon sequestration. Due to climate change and environmental dynamics, this component has changed spatially and temporally in different ecosystems. Therefore, to understand and monitor these changes, the most important influential parameters include; sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a and algal bloom on this component and their changes were analyzed based on the time series. Images related to Chl-a, SST and NPP from January 2003 to December 2018 were used by MODIS sensor and VGPM model to estimate NPP in the study area. Aftar pre-processing and extracting the time series algorithm, the trend of variation was determined using the mann-kendall and theil-sen procedure. Then, using enhancing false color composite, algal blooms in the Persian Gulf and the sea of Oman were identified and the amount of chl-a concentration in the algal bloom area and outside the area was determined.  The results of trend analysis with theil-sen procedure showed that the rate of change for chl-a is decreasing in all regions except the fifth region. The highest amount was observed in the fifth region (-0.19), which corresponded to the rate of NPP. The results also show that the highest amount of NPP in the first region in March and the lowest in June and July (540 and 690 gC/m²/day), which corresponds to the amount of chl-a concentration. Despite the apparent correlation, there is no cause-and-effect relationship between SST and chl-a as well as chl-a and NPP. In this way, factors other than chl-a can be considered for algal bloom and NPP.