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Showing 95 results for Parsa
Volume 0, Issue 0 (Articles accepted at the time of publication 2024)
Abstract
Pre-service teacher education programs play a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of teachers' identities, wherein both formal and hidden curriculums exert significant influences (Beauchamp and Thomas, 2009). This qualitative study delves into the development of Language Teacher Identities (LTIs) among student teachers at Farhangian University, with a particular focus on the reformed curriculum.A qualitative research method was used. A total of 27 female student teachers shared their experiences through individual and focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing the interviews. The findings revealed mismatches between the student teachers’ envisioned identities and the curriculum’s expected identity, leading to feelings of cognitive unpreparedness. The study also highlighted the significant roles of both formal and hidden curriculums in shaping teacher identity, with both positive and negative changes observed in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The implications drawn from the study’s findings provide insights into curriculum design and teacher education programs, offering guidance on how to effectively support the construction of teacher identity and raise student teachers’ awareness of this transformative process.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (ARTICLES IN PRESS 2024)
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is vital for driving innovation, economic development, and sustainability in the agricultural sector, empowering farmers, and ensuring food security. Successful promotion of agri-entrepreneurship demands a nuanced approach that considers both the personal traits of entrepreneurs and the institutional factors. This study employed linear regression analysis and principal component analysis to examine the determinants of entrepreneurial success and identify factors contributing to effective interventions across three distinct entrepreneurial categories i.e., farm-based, off-farm based, and service/tech entrepreneurs. Data was gathered through structured interviews involving two hundred agri-entrepreneurs in Rajasthan and Telangana states. The regression analysis revealed that diverse psycho-personal and socioeconomic variables like marital status, income levels, and achievement motivation were of significant influence. The principal component analysis provided valuable insights into the institutional factors underpinning effective entrepreneurship promotion interventions. Technical factors like tailored project support, financial enablers including government funding and tax incentives, and robust implementation mechanisms involving stakeholder collaboration were highlighted. Operational elements such as; training institute-industry-market-entrepreneur linkages, administrative commitments, and policy consistency, collectively shaped intervention effectiveness across the entrepreneurial ecosystems. This comprehensive examination of individual and institutional determinants offered a holistic perspective on fostering successful agri-enterprises, emphasizing the need for contextualized approaches that align personal attributes with tailored institutional interventions.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background: Immunological factors are important in pregnancy loss because of the interaction between mother and fetus. T-regulatory cells as the component of humeral immune response play important role in the fetu-maternal interface. One of the regulatory mechanisms for these cells is mediated by antigen independent co-stimulatory signals and interaction of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (B7/CTLA-4) is one of these signals. The CTLA-4 which down regulates the activation and proliferation of T-cells occurs in a competitive interaction with CD28 to bind to B7. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of CTLA-4 +49A/G gene with Recurrent Miscarriage in a group of Iranian women. Methods: In the present study, 60 women with the history of two or more pregnancy loss were selected and considered as the case group. A group of women (n=60) with at least two live births without any previous history of pregnancy loss and autoimmune diseases were taken as control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using standard protocols. The CTLA-4 +49 A/G were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms assay. Results: The results showed that CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphisms were not significantly different in women with the history of two or more pregnancy loss compared to normal individuals. The frequency of G-allele polymorphism was 39.16% and 35.83% in patients and controls respectively. Conclusions: The data presented may suggest that the CTLA-4 is not associated with recurrent miscarriage in an Iranian population in Northwest region.
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most destructive insect pests on many crops in the world that has been found to develop resistance against conventional insecticides. Using insecticides with different modes of action may result in appropriate control of the pest and delay insecticide resistance development. In this study, lethal and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin insecticides were investigated on third instar larvae of H. armigera by residue contact methods at 26 ± 1 oC, 70 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8h (L: D) under laboratory conditions. LC50 values, on larval stage of the pest, of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin were 1.75 and 127.74 µg a.i./ml, respectively. According to the findings, the larvae that were exposed to the LC30 of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin exhibited lower pupal weight and increased larval and pupal developmental times compared with control. The longevity and fecundity of adults were significantly affected by the insecticides. Emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin reduced fecundity by 53.1% and 50.5%, respectively compared to control. The LC30 values of emamectin benzoate and cypermethrin reduced egg hatching by 62.06% and 37.9%, respectively. It is predicted that these insecticides, especially emamectin benzoate, may induce significant effects on population of H. armigera.
Volume 2, Issue 5 (Spring 2009)
Abstract
One of the problems which prevent a correct or common comprehension of a fiction and its precise analysis is the diversity which exists in understanding and using the common terms in fiction domain. Although most of these terms have been listed in dictionaries and used by researchers, there is no unanimity about their usage. Due to this matter, distinction of fiction's elements and the analysis of narratives confront some difficulties. In this paper we intend to revise one of the most common terms in narratology i.e. motive, focusing on dependent motive and independent motive. Hence it is necessary to criticize the most important definitions in dictionaries for motive, to show their credibility and the degree of their expressiveness and to present our definitions. Also, all types of motives in traditional Persian fictions will be categorized and their four functions in narration will be explained. In our point of view, motive is a structural – semantic term that is related more to structural elements of a story than to its semantic aspects.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and a part of the natural microflora of gastrointestinal tract in human body. K. pneumoniae has been known as one of the most common cause of nosocomial infections and multi-drug resistance pathogen. The aims of this study was to examine the detection of antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitals in Borujerd in western Iran using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)–PCR technique.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Borujerd hospitals from April to September 2015. After detection and confirmation of K. pneumoniae isolates by conventional laboratory methods and differential tests, antibiotic susceptibility was detected by disk diffusion method. Also, genetic relatedness of 34 selected MDR K. pneumoniae isolates were investigated by ERIC - PCR technique.
Results: Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that among K. pneumoniae isolates, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed in ampicillin (91%) and the highest susceptibility was detected in imipenem (5.5%). More than 45% of isolates showed multi resistant phenotypes. Based on ERIC-PCR results, 31 different ERIC types were detected.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the increase of multi resistance K. pneumoniae in hospitals under study. The results of ERIC PCR showed high genetic diversity among K. pneumoniae strains, which indicated the poly clonal distribution of K. pneumoniae isolates in Borujerd hospitals.
Volume 3, Issue 5 (8-2018)
Abstract
This analytical-descriptive study aimed to investigate the essence of "grief of nostalgy " as one of the most important mystical sources in the poems of Ibn Farez and Hafez; two great representatives of the mystical poetry of Persian and Arabic literature. More specifically, attempts were made to see how this grief entered their works and how they reacted to it. The findings suggest that in their mystical thoughts, the separation of the soul from the body and the fall of man from paradise into this world are manifestation of his grief. In turn, the mystic reaction of the poet to escape from soul nostalgy in the body is the thought of death and fatalism and to turn to earthly love, as commonly thought of, as representation of love of true beloved. The earthly love in the poetry of the two poets is a translation of divine love and a reflection of the first day vow, to which the mystics resorted to fantasize the divine love and to diminish the pain of longings for the true beloved. Sleeping, dreaming, and seclusion are other structures to this nostalgy
Volume 4, Issue 10 (12-2016)
Abstract
One of the most important Turkish tribe in Iran is Qashqai. This tribe has had its own culture, literature and language. It seems that in the process of modernization and Homogenization in Iran, this culture especially its literature is vanishing. Then, it is necessary to do some researches to protect it from being destroyed. Qashqai tribe has rich oral literature and culture whose stories are a part of it. Since up to now, no study with structural approach has been performed on these stories; we have examined ten stories as case study. The Methodology of the study is based on morphological model of Vladimir Propp, Russian formalist researcher. For this purpose, at first, all stories are analyzed and then each story’s model is mentioned with combination of their motions. This study shows that Qashqai tribe’s stories has the ability of structural study and to great extent is compatible with Iranian stories.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Finding a minimum allowable radius length of a circle horizontal curve is essential to reduce earthwork cost or damage to the forest ecosystem, as well as make driving more comfortable. The present study is conducted i) to analyze different radius lengths of circle horizontal curves using an integrated approach consists of a Civil3D in concert with the field surveys, and ii) to propose a set of geometric design criteria which are more consistent with the existing condition of forest road network in Hyrcanian forest, north of Iran. Depth of the rutting (i.e., machine footprint) and soil mechanical properties are examined for a total of 36 existing horizontal curves with different radius lengths. Further, technical characteristics (i.e., stopping sight distance, horizontal sight line offset and turning speed) and a few parameters on pavement damage are included and incorporated into the research objective. No-statistical differences between radius lengths of the horizontal curve for classes of 10-15 and 16-20 m may associate with dissimilarity in the soil mechanical properties and in the dimension of the rut depth. These findings confirmed that it is therefore possible to shorten allowable radius length of a circle horizontal curve to at least 12 m under a longitudinal slope of 5% for forest road network in the north of Iran.
Volume 5, Issue 2 (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Introduction
Spatial policy regarding flood risk management is a series of actions that are aimed at achieving a logical solution in reducing the damage caused by floods and reducing the spread of floods (Sinha et al., 2020). The impact of devastating floods on global lives and livelihoods is growing. Large-scale floods caused 104 billion US dollars in damages globally between 2000 and 2015 (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015). As the climate changes, populations increase, and demand for housing and infrastructure grows, now more than ever, society needs to manage its flood risk and adapt to climate change. For this reason, achieving a spatial and logical comprehensive policy in flood risk management in a way that is efficient and sustainable, in research, policies and practice, requires (related program in flood management, 2017). Accordingly, the issue raised here is that; among the mentioned indicators, which of them is more important in making the spatial policy of rural flood risk management more efficient? Based on this, the necessity of research in this direction is that the present research has first identified all the items related to the indicators. Then he examines the importance of each of them in order to be able to answer this research problem.
Methodology
The method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the nature of information gathering. The method of data collection in this research will be both library and field. In the first step, library studies related to the research title will be used to compile the research literature, background, and theoretical foundations of the research. In addition, in the second step, it is used in the field and quantitatively by using the questionnaire tool to check the hypotheses of the research. The statistical population of this research consists of experts in the field, including faculty members specializing in this field, graduates and doctoral students with the title of a related thesis, and people in charge of the field, for this purpose, 70 samples have been selected (explained in the table below). From their point of view, the related questionnaire has a favorable level of validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.97, which shows a very favorable level. Finally, one-way ANOVA (F) statistical test was used to analyze the data obtained from the mentioned questionnaire for the items of each index and finally all the indices.
Result and discussion
According to the problem stated in the introduction, in order to examine the importance of various indicators in the spatial policy of rural flood risk management, to examine the status of each of the five indicators (environmental, economic, social-cultural, managerial-institutional) and physical (land use)) deals with spatial policy of rural flood risk management To be able to identify the various aspects of the importance of each of the indicators and finally respond to the problem according to the opinions of the sample community.
To determine the importance of each of the indicators on the spatial policy of rural flood risk management, we have used Duncan's post hoc test, and the output of this test is grouped into three spectrums. They are classified according to their importance. So that the environmental index is the least important with a value of 2.9484 in spectrum one along with the economic index with a value of 3.1056, but the economic index is due to its proximity to social-cultural indicators with a value of 3.2381 and managerial-institutional indicators. With the value of 3105.3, they are the same shade in the spectrum and these two indicators (social-cultural and managerial-institutional) are placed in the third spectrum because of their proximity to the importance of the physical index (land use) and the only index that is the individual is placed in a spectrum and group. It is the physical index (land use) which is placed in the third group with the value of 3.4186 and has the largest sub-set for alpha, which shows the greater importance of this index on the spatial policy of management. The flood risk for the villages located in the watershed of Gorgan River in Golestan province has been that the following graph, which is the output of Duncan's post hoc test, also indicates the same performance of the indicators that as can be seen, environmental indicators are the least important. In addition, after that, the social-cultural index is the least important, and then the economic index and then the administrative-institutional index play a more important role. Finally, the physical indicators (land use) are the most important. The category of significance level, which is stated below the three groups, shows the lack of significance within the groups because of the closeness of their performance within each of the three spectrums.
Conclusion
According to the investigations carried out in the present study in two steps, first, through the study of available sources, the effective indicators and items in the spatial policy of rural flood risk management have been identified. Based on this, 5 indicators and 120 items have been identified. In order to check the importance of each of them, according to the type of indicators, ANOVA test (one-way analysis of variance) was used, the results of which can be summarized as follows: in the inter-group and intra-group sections. It is possible to understand the level of output desirability according to the average of squares and the sum of squares But what is important and effective in the ANOVA test output table is the F test statistic and the significance level value, which the test statistic number is 6.229 and the significance level value is 99 percent, which shows the very high importance of the five indicators on politics. Spatial planning is rural flood risk management. Based on this, Duncan's test was used to determine the importance of each of the indicators separately, and the results show that the output of this test is that the indicators are grouped into three spectrums, the reason for this problem Three spectrums are categorized according to their importance, So that the environmental index is the least important with a value of 2.9484 in spectrum one along with the economic index with a value of 3.1056, but the economic index is due to its proximity to social-cultural indicators with a value of 3.2381 and managerial-institutional indicators. With the value of 3105.3, they are the same shade in the spectrum and these two indicators (social-cultural and managerial-institutional) are placed in the third spectrum because of their proximity to the importance of the physical index (land use) and the only index that is Separately, it is placed in a spectrum and group, it is the physical index (land use), which is placed in the third group with a value of 3.4186, and has the largest subset for alpha.This shows the greater importance of this index on the spatial policy of flood risk management for the villages located in the Gorgan River watershed of Golestan province, and the following graph, which is the output of Duncan's post hoc test, also indicates the same performance of the indicators. As it can be seen, the environmental indicators are the least important, then the socio-cultural index is the least important, and then the economic index and then the administrative-institutional index play a more important role. Finally, physical indicators (land use) have the most importance in the spatial policy of rural flood risk management.
Volume 6, Issue 2 (No.2 (Tome 23), (Articles in Persian) 2015)
Abstract
The onomatopoeic suffix /-ast/ is an archaic suffix of New Persian, which has mainly occurred in the Dari manuscripts belonging to Khorâsân dialectal region. Some researchers such as Jalal Matini, Ali Ravaghi, Najib Mayel-e-Heravi and others, with reference to these manuscripts and modern Khorâsâni dialects, have known this suffix as a Khorâsâni suffix. After that, Hasan Hatami has found examples of another variety of the suffix /-ast/, i.e. /ešt/, in Kâzerouni dialect, as a non-Khorâsâni dialect, without dealing with its history or origin. Accordingly, based on new findings from Khuzestâni dialects and Persian classical texts, the writers in the present article have attempted to hypothesize over the formation of the suffix /-ast/; according to which /-ast/ has been derived from the gerund-making suffix /-išt/. It seems that at a particular period of time, the suffix /-išt/ began to occur extensively in onomatopoeias. On the other hand, a gerund-making type of /-ast/ (or perhaps /-ist/), has been seen in "Qorʼān-e Qods", an old manuscript written in southern Iran (Sīstān), which could be considered as the historical link between the Khorâsâni onomatopoeic suffix (/-ast/) and the southern one (i.e. /-ešt/).
Volume 6, Issue 3 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Hydromulching treatments are increasingly being used as a feasible alternative of landscape management for runoff and soil erosion control after road construction. Towards this, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of hydromulch binders on reduction of embankment-induced soil erosion and sediment concentration.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Golestan Province, Iran in March 2017. Two types of soil stabilizers were used. Hydromulch A included water absorbent, Festuca arundinacea L. seed, tackifier, fertilizer, and bio humus. Hydromulch B was combined from hydromulch A, cellulose fiber, and natural yarn. Then, the hydromulches as well as the non-hydromulch traditional mix (seed and animal fertilizer) were separately sprayed on artificial bare slopes. Treated soil were translocated and established in the specific boxes for measuring grass biomass, sediment concentration, runoff, and soil erosion under the rainfall simulation. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison tests.
Findings: Hydromulch A and traditional mix produced lower value of the total biomass of grass compared with hydromulch B. Hydromulch B yielded significantly less runoff volumes than the other treatments. Only the hydromulch B significantly reduced soil erosion compared with that of the hydromulch A and traditional mix (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Hydromulch B is clearly much more efficient than hydromulch A and traditional seeding in terms of minimizing soil erosion. Traditional mix seeding is not able to promote an effective grass cover to reduce soil erosion from artificial slopes. Hydromulch B provide favorable moisture and soil temperatures for grass seeds and this accelerates plant establishment.
Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Golestan Province, Iran in March 2017. Two types of soil stabilizers were used. Hydromulch A included water absorbent, Festuca arundinacea L. seed, tackifier, fertilizer, and bio humus. Hydromulch B was combined from hydromulch A, cellulose fiber, and natural yarn. Then, the hydromulches as well as the non-hydromulch traditional mix (seed and animal fertilizer) were separately sprayed on artificial bare slopes. Treated soil were translocated and established in the specific boxes for measuring grass biomass, sediment concentration, runoff, and soil erosion under the rainfall simulation. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison tests.
Findings: Hydromulch A and traditional mix produced lower value of the total biomass of grass compared with hydromulch B. Hydromulch B yielded significantly less runoff volumes than the other treatments. Only the hydromulch B significantly reduced soil erosion compared with that of the hydromulch A and traditional mix (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Hydromulch B is clearly much more efficient than hydromulch A and traditional seeding in terms of minimizing soil erosion. Traditional mix seeding is not able to promote an effective grass cover to reduce soil erosion from artificial slopes. Hydromulch B provide favorable moisture and soil temperatures for grass seeds and this accelerates plant establishment.
Volume 6, Issue 3 (Summer 2021)
Abstract
Aim: The workplace physical-ergonomic conditions have a great impact on the health, well-being, and productivity of employees. One of the ways to assess the general condition of office work environments is to use valid questionnaires, so the purpose of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Workplace Physical- Ergonomic Conditions Evaluation (PECE) questionnaire for its applicability in Iran.
Method and Materials: The present study is an analytical study that was conducted on the administrative staff of a public university of Iran to Validate the Persian version of the PECE questionnaire. First, the Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared using the backward-forward translation method and then the translated questionnaire was filled out by 70 employees. Content Validity Index (CVI), Content Validity Rate (CVR), Test re-Test and Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) method were used to measure validity and reliability respectively t SPSS 26. In the validity analysis, Kappa and Spearman coefficients were used for agreement and correlation between the answers to the questions, respectively.
Findings: Totally 70 staffs including (15 men and 55 female) with mean age of 35.65 (7.89) took part in the study. CVI and CVR showed acceptable range for the valid question are. The kappa and Spearman coefficients ranges were 0.634 to 1 and 0.681 to 1 in the first and second questionnaires’ distribution. In the reliability analysis of the questionnaire, the ICC coefficient was 0.93. A significant relationship was found between gender and satisfaction with ergonomic issues
Conclusion: The Persian version of the PECE questionnaire is a useful tool for evaluating the general conditions of office work environments that can be used as part of workplace evaluation programs and occupational care to prevent occupational diseases such as WMSDs, Vision and eye, hearing, and Pulmonary disorders.
Method and Materials: The present study is an analytical study that was conducted on the administrative staff of a public university of Iran to Validate the Persian version of the PECE questionnaire. First, the Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared using the backward-forward translation method and then the translated questionnaire was filled out by 70 employees. Content Validity Index (CVI), Content Validity Rate (CVR), Test re-Test and Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) method were used to measure validity and reliability respectively t SPSS 26. In the validity analysis, Kappa and Spearman coefficients were used for agreement and correlation between the answers to the questions, respectively.
Findings: Totally 70 staffs including (15 men and 55 female) with mean age of 35.65 (7.89) took part in the study. CVI and CVR showed acceptable range for the valid question are. The kappa and Spearman coefficients ranges were 0.634 to 1 and 0.681 to 1 in the first and second questionnaires’ distribution. In the reliability analysis of the questionnaire, the ICC coefficient was 0.93. A significant relationship was found between gender and satisfaction with ergonomic issues
Conclusion: The Persian version of the PECE questionnaire is a useful tool for evaluating the general conditions of office work environments that can be used as part of workplace evaluation programs and occupational care to prevent occupational diseases such as WMSDs, Vision and eye, hearing, and Pulmonary disorders.
Volume 6, Issue 22 (10-2018)
Abstract
Abstract New linguistic theories, considering language as virtual and its rhetorical features as intrinsic, and denying the belonging of these matters to literary language opened up a new chapter in rhetorical research. This research attempts to study a kind of simile in Persian language which has never been examined before. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The data is selected from Proverbs and Wisdoms by Dehkhoda based on desk study using perfect induction and is analyzed on the basis of common rhetorical methods. The reason for choosing this source is the frequency of similes in the work compared with similar works in this field. The results demonstrate that the rhetorical indications in this simile, suspending the min meaning, induce another meaning, because this kind of profound metaphorical superstructural simile has an ironic structure; in other words, unlike all known similes, in this simile, the similarity is a necessary in the service of necessity and expression of its ironic meaning.
Volume 7, Issue 0 (0-2007)
Abstract
Presence of Distributed Generation (DG) in electric distribution systems provides an attractive new alternative in capacity expansion planning of these systems. In this paper a new model is developed for solving simultaneous placement of HV/MV substations and DG units as a static planning tool. This model aims to minimize fixed and variable costs of planning. Constraints related to DGs, substation and network are incorporated in the developed model. Proposed model can be used for optimal sizing, sitting and defining associated service area of HV/MV substations and DGs in distribution capacity expansion. The proposed model is a mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model which optimized using genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of proposed model is illustrated through numerical examples.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2022)
Abstract
Aims: Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are one of the leading causes of job disability and absenteeism. Various occupational factors may increase the risk of developing WMSDs among individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) and determine the role of the occupational factors in the prevalence of WMSDs among individuals.
Method and Materials: We conducted this study in 2022 on 100 employees of an automotive industry in Kerman province in Iran. We used TheBackward-Forward to translate the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the Intraclass Correlation (ICC) Coefficient were used for reliability, and Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) tests were used for validity determination. To analyze the data, we used the SPSS-22. To evaluate the differences in demographic characteristics and questionnaire answers between the two groups, the T-test, and chi-square test were used.
Findings: The most WMSDs were in waist, knees, and ankles for workers and waist, neck, upper back, and shoulders for office employees. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for all individuals, workers, and office employees’ answer were 0.954, 0.955, and 0.924, respectively, and the ICC was in the range of 0.718 to 0.928. Validity was also in the acceptable range. For both groups, the occupational factor “Working in the same position for long periods” played the most significant role in the rate of WMSDs.
Conclusion: JFQ is a proper tool for predicting and controlling WMSDs in workplaces. We can use this tool to control the physical-ergonomic problems and review ergonomic improvements made in the workplace.
Method and Materials: We conducted this study in 2022 on 100 employees of an automotive industry in Kerman province in Iran. We used TheBackward-Forward to translate the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the Intraclass Correlation (ICC) Coefficient were used for reliability, and Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) tests were used for validity determination. To analyze the data, we used the SPSS-22. To evaluate the differences in demographic characteristics and questionnaire answers between the two groups, the T-test, and chi-square test were used.
Findings: The most WMSDs were in waist, knees, and ankles for workers and waist, neck, upper back, and shoulders for office employees. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for all individuals, workers, and office employees’ answer were 0.954, 0.955, and 0.924, respectively, and the ICC was in the range of 0.718 to 0.928. Validity was also in the acceptable range. For both groups, the occupational factor “Working in the same position for long periods” played the most significant role in the rate of WMSDs.
Conclusion: JFQ is a proper tool for predicting and controlling WMSDs in workplaces. We can use this tool to control the physical-ergonomic problems and review ergonomic improvements made in the workplace.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (fall 2023)
Abstract
Hypothesis: Because of the widespread use of rubbers in different industries, estimating the rubber material properties and its lifetime are very important in design procedure to assure the quality and safety of the rubber components. In this study, the properties and useful lifetime prediction of EPDM rubber parts used in the production of sealing gaskets and sealants for GRP pipes were investigated and the effect of adding silica nanoparticles as well as Si69 coupling agent on these characteristics was studied.
Methods: In this work, the samples were tested under accelerated aging conditions and aged in the temperature range of 25-90 °C until 60 days. Then time-temperature superposition was carried out on tensile test and compression set results using Williams Landel Ferry (WLF) model to estimate useful lifetime of the samples. Tensile test was conducted under ISO 12244 standard and compression set test was performed according to ISO 815 standard on rubber samples. Aging effect on samples with and without silica was analyzed with FTIR. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the dispersion condition of silica nanoparticles in EPDM samples.
Findings: According to obtained results, TEM images showed no sign of nanoparticles agglomeration within the samples due to presence of Si69 and SEM graphs depicted a uniform distribution of particles in the matrix. Using time-temperature superposition principle, the lifetime was estimated about 63 and 35 years at room temperature for the rubber samples with and without silica and Si69 coupling agent, respectively. It was observed that the presence of modified silica nanoparticles improves the mechanical and thermal properties of EPDM and also increases the useful lifetime of this elastomer.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (No.4 (Tome 32), (Articles in Persian) 2016)
Abstract
The present research explores the “wæl”, “tɑ” and “ærɑ” prepositions in Gurani Kurdish within the framework of cognitive semantics. One of the recent models in semantic analysis of prepositions is Principled polysemy model (Tyler & Evans, 2001, 2003; Evans & Tyler, 2004a, 2004b; Evans, 2004, 2005, 2006) that suggests explicit and applicable criteria for determining the distinct senses as well as the primary sense of prepositions. We aim to analyze the semantics of three mentioned prepositions, to determine their distinct senses and primary sense, and to represent their semantic networks. The results suggest that the primary sense of “wæl” is “companionship” and its semantic network contains 9 distinct senses and 2 clusters of senses. The primary sense of “tɑ” is “ending” and its semantic network contains 4 distinct senses and 1 cluster of senses. The primary sense of “ærɑ” is “for and sake” and its semantic network contains 4 distinct senses and 1 cluster of senses.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Aims: Fine grained soil shows weak geotechnical properties when they are used in roadbed. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of nano-SiO2 and horsetail ash in improving the mechanical properties of high plastic cohesive soil (CH) and low plastic cohesive soil (CL).
Materials & Methods: Soil samples were brought from an earthy bed of proposed roads in Bahramnia Forest, Golestan Province, Iran. Then Atterberg limits, maximum dry density (MDD), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the soil samples treated with 0.5% nano-SiO2+1% ash, 1% nano+2% ash, 1.5% nano+3% ash and 2% nano+4% ash. Analysis was done on 7, 14, and 28-day aged samples. Statistical analysis was done using the SAS 9.4 software to compare means among treatments.
Findings: Results showed that liquid limit and plastic limit increased to 56% and 37% for CH and 50% and 32% for CL with increasing the percentage of nano-SiO2 and ash mixture. These changes reduced the plastic index. With the increase in the percentage of additive materials and curing time, the MDD, UCS, and CBR get increases. Dry density decreased by increasing moisture content at the peak state (1.70g cm-3 for CH and 2.03g cm-3 for CL). The nanoash treated CL soil has a higher density than the nanoash treated CH soil.
Conclusion: A optimal mixture of 1.5% nano-SiO2+3% horsetail ash and 1% nano-SiO2+2% ash, as well as 28-day curing time, is recommended for the stabilization of CH and CL earthy bed, respectively.
Materials & Methods: Soil samples were brought from an earthy bed of proposed roads in Bahramnia Forest, Golestan Province, Iran. Then Atterberg limits, maximum dry density (MDD), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the soil samples treated with 0.5% nano-SiO2+1% ash, 1% nano+2% ash, 1.5% nano+3% ash and 2% nano+4% ash. Analysis was done on 7, 14, and 28-day aged samples. Statistical analysis was done using the SAS 9.4 software to compare means among treatments.
Findings: Results showed that liquid limit and plastic limit increased to 56% and 37% for CH and 50% and 32% for CL with increasing the percentage of nano-SiO2 and ash mixture. These changes reduced the plastic index. With the increase in the percentage of additive materials and curing time, the MDD, UCS, and CBR get increases. Dry density decreased by increasing moisture content at the peak state (1.70g cm-3 for CH and 2.03g cm-3 for CL). The nanoash treated CL soil has a higher density than the nanoash treated CH soil.
Conclusion: A optimal mixture of 1.5% nano-SiO2+3% horsetail ash and 1% nano-SiO2+2% ash, as well as 28-day curing time, is recommended for the stabilization of CH and CL earthy bed, respectively.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Backgrounds: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome in neonates, which is an uncommon but significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of sepsis caused by Escherichia coli and its antibiotic resistance pattern as well as to assess the potential risk factors in neonates and maternal characteristics in Shiraz.
Material & Method: This retrospective study was performed on infants with sepsis in the first three days of life during February 2019 to March 2021. Patients' information was obtained using their hospital records and a questionnaire. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software Ver. 18.0. A p-value <.05 was considered as statistically significant
Findings: During this study, a total of 250 positive blood cultures were reported for infants less than 3 days old. Of these, 21(8.4%) E. coli strains were isolated from 14 preterm and 7 term neonates. In all patients, the most effective antibiotic was meropenem, and the highest resistance was observed to cefoxitin.
Conclusion: Base on the present study results, E. coli is the most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium isolated in Shiraz. Premature birth and very low weight are the most important risk factors for developing early-onset sepsis.