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In order to study the role of Pythium species associated with cantaloupe root and crown rot, samples were collected from infected fields in different areas of Khorasan Razavi province during 2009-2010. The Root pieces were washed and cultured on CMA-PARP medium. The pythium isolates were then purified by hyphal tip method and identified based on van der Plaats-Niterink mycological key. The pathogenic species were identified as Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum var. ultimum, and P. deliense. The pathogenicity of isolates on cantaloupe seedlings was tested under greenhouse conditions by using wheat grain inoculum. The results indicated that P. aphanidermatum was the most prevalent species and was recovered in all the regions. P. ultimum was isolated from Neyshabour, Fariman and Mashhad whereas P. deliense was detected in Khaaf. This to our knowledge, is the first report on occurrence and distribution of Pythium species causing root and stem rot on cantaloupes in Khorasan province.

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Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of simultaneous eight-week stretching and strengthening trainings and exercises with core stability exercises on the flat foot deformity of female students with the age ranges from 9 to 13 years.
Methods and Materials: In the present Quasi-experimental study on 130 female students, 60 girls with flat feet and the age ranges from 9 to 13, were selected randomly and divided into two experimental groups (n = 20 in each group) and one control group (n = 20). The samples were selected using Navi loss, and then Staheliarch index was evaluated. The experimental groups received the treatment (one group received stretching and strengthening exercises and the other group received core stability exercises for 45 minutes, three times a week) for 8 weeks, but the control group received no treatment and was engaged in daily routine activities. The data were analyzed through analysis of independent samples t-test at the significance level of P ≤.05.
Results: Post-test of arch corrective exercises revealed a significant difference among the three groups so that the subjects of both the experimental groups, compared to the control group, had a significant decrease in the angle of the back nut side while the difference between the two experimental groups was not statistically significant (P < .001). Also, in the second experimental group, exercises influence on the arch more than that of the first experimental group (P < .001).
Conclusions: It seems that the eight-week correction training program with emphasis on compound exercises (core stability) as a non-invasive method had a good effect in the treatment of the female students suffering from flat foot deformity with the age ranges from 9 to 13 years.

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Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMD) are a common health related problem throughout the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrotherapy training on health, function, motion, and occupational performance of the police personnel in Iran.
In this before/after prospective study, 30 participants were selected purposefully and divided into two experimental (n = 15) and control groups randomly (n = 15). The 8-week hydrotherapy training program was just assigned for intervention. The occupational performance and physical fitness tests, Health related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire and Visual analog Scale (VAS) were measured for both groups before and after intervention. data were analyzed through SPSS 16

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Research Subject: Removal of industrial wastewater especially from textile and dyeing factories is always important actions to control of pollutions. Using of polymeric adsorbents is an important method for removal of dyes from industrial wastewater. In this research work, designing and fabrication of PVA-based adsorbent with proper potential for removal of green malachite from industrial wastewater has been reported.
Research Approach: For fabrication of adsorbent 4 wt.% PVA was gelled in the present of 10 wt.% glutaraldehyde as cross-linker and punched. The punched hydrogels were porous with freeze drying method. For improving the adsorption ability, graphene and TiO₂ were used. The adsorption of green malachite with prepare adsorbent was measured timely to determine the optimum percentage of nanoparticles. In addition, the effect of contact time and the presence of UV on the adsorption of pollution was investigated. Finally, the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics study were investigated in different time.
Main Results: The results of adsorption of pollution with PVA/graphene adsorbent in different times showed that 0.5 wt.% is the optimum loading of graphene in the PVA matrix. This value was 3 wt.% for TiO₂. The adsorption percentage via optimum adsorbent in dark condition showed that one minute after addition of adsorbent the adsorption percent increased to 75% indicating the high capability of the adsorbent in adsorption of tested pollution. The porous structure was confirmed via SEM image. By comparing the correlation coefficient for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms it was found that Freundlich isotherm has better agreement with the findings of the current study. In other words, adsorption of green malachite with fabricated adsorbent was done multi layered. The thermodynamics studies showed that due to negative value of Gibbs energy the adsorption reaction of green malachite with fabricated absorbent is automatically.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the land use of Amol at the time of 1986-2020. The effect of stimulant factors in the growth of the city determines that population and immigration from villages are considered as the most important factors in the growth of Amol city. Also, in the process of formation of the tissue of Amol, the primary core of the city after Islam has had a major role. The study of its growth process after the first Pahlavi shows that development of roads and commercial land uses distribution, especially around the main ways are another stimulant agent in the urban growth of Amol which also forms the pattern and form of growth in Amol city. The data provided from satellite imagery clearly identifies the growth of Amol from 1986 to 2020. The built-in area shows an annual increase of 15% (135 hectares per year). The expansion of the city has occurred in all respects, but it is more obvious along the main road to the nearby villages. Business/ service areas have been established along the roads which show the rapid decline in agricultural lands and vegetable areas. Also, changes in agriculture in Amol and in rural settlements merged in the city and the central part of Amol city is seen under the influence of urban expansion and development.

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The phrase of “min dūn Allāh”, in this structure or by adverbs instead of Allah, is one of the most used phrases in holy Quran, which is mentioned in holy Quran for 113 times. Studying the meaning and translation of this phrase is important because any misleads in understanding the meaning of this phrase would impact on the Islamic theology. 10 translations of those 7 verses which have involved this phrase are studied in this research. This is showed that almost all translators used those words in their translations which imply on exception, and they have translated “min dūn-i Allāh” as “except Allah” and “other (Gods) than Allah”; while refer to dictionaries and scrutinize in the meaning of the word of “min” and attention to difference between “min dūn” and “min ladun” shows that true translation of this phrase should involve the meaning of separation from God besides “except God”.

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A "signifying ensemble" can be studied from two perspectives: in one hand from the perspective of "generative", which refers to the process of production and its schematization, and on the other hand  from the perspective of "interpretation", which refers to the structure of this significant ensemble . Semiotics of discourse refers to the both of these perspectives, because the discourse implies the process of utterance producing correlated to its structure. In this paper we have studied the discourse of Surat al-Qariah from this point of view. On method, this study is based on "tensive semiotics" (or tensive model), which is introduced in the post-Greimasian semiotics. First, the tensive model has been described in brief, second, the "tensive schemas of discourse" and "instance of discourse" as homologous analytical tools have been introduced. The tensive schemas represent intensive (emotive) and extensive (cognitive) valencies of the discourse, and the instance of discourse represents the trajectory of the discourse generation by two fundamental discursive actions: engagement and disengagement. In semiotic analysis of the discourse of surat al-Qāriah based upon the tensive model, it is depicted that the tensive schema of surat al-Qāriah is correspond with decadence model. But the the verse 10 is considered as an unexpected event in the discursive trajectory of the Surah: its ascending tensive discourse and the gegement discursive act in returning to the enunciative domain schematize this discursive unexpected event.

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The thermophilic fungus Mycothermus thermophilus is one of the most important thermophilic fungi in mushroom composting process. Thirty nine isolates of M. thermophilus were collected from nine provinces of Iran and were identified as M. thermophilus based on morphological features and ITS regions. The studied isolates significantly increased the growth of Agaricus bisporus hyphae compared to control when used in vitro situation. Also the colony morphology of the mushroom changed when it grew on the colony of M. thermophilus. While the studied thermophilic isolates were morphologically different, no diversity was observed in terms of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger-printing. The genetically clonal population of M. thermophilus collected from Iranian mushroom composting farms was attributed to lack of sexual reproduction, similar raw materials used in compost formulations, compost temperature, and concentration of ammonia during pasteurization as selection pressures.

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Abstract:
Folk literature is an important tool for discovering the mechanisms of different nations' traditions, rituals, and customs in a social system that seeks to obtain sociological and anthropological data, and examine the elements of cultural identity throughout history. Hence, many folk themes can be studied in local literature, especially in the novel of fig tree temples. Therefore, the present study, borrowing a descriptive-analytical method, has investigated the elements and components of folk literature in this novel. The results indicate that Ahmad Mahmood sought to link the mythical roots with the popular beliefs in this novel, portraying the functions of novel's personalities versus nature. On another level, he has depicted the beliefs and superstitions of the southern people.  

Keywords: Folk literature; fig tree of temples; tree worship; beliefs; superstitions.
 
Research Background
Many articles have been written in the field of tree planting, vegetation, and beliefs about it, among which the following can be mentioned: Aydanlow, Sajjad (2005) "The mythical theme of the plant's growth from the man and its reflection in Shahnameh and Persian literature"; Fazeli et al. (2013) "Cultural approach to plants and trees in mythology and literature"; Ansari et al. (2014) "Investigating and classifying the mythical idea of ​​the male tree in the folk tales of Hormozgan".
 
Aims, questions, assumptions
The purpose of this study is to explain the view of the marble vision of Ahvaz considering the elements of nature, especially the tree and the beliefs about it in the novel The Tree of the Temple of Figs, which are rooted in the myth of tree worship in ancient Iran. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer how nature has led to the formation of popular beliefs in this novel? What factors have influenced the formation of popular beliefs in this influential novel? Among the elements of nature, the tree has always been praised and sanctified by human beings due to its constant revival and the eternal forces it contains. Many factors such as customs, special the climate of Ahvaz, awareness of the future events, poverty, and ignorance in the form of public beliefs are significant in this novel.
Discussion
Climatic literature reflects the characteristics of a particular climate that, in the light of sociological studies, can provide important information such as beliefs, convictions, words, terms, songs, proverbs, climatic conditions, cover, etc. The climate literature seeks to provide a natural picture of the network within socialism in the literary texts, and seeks to explain as much as possible the relationship between man and nature and the impact of both sides on the environment. In this line of study, an author's stylistic discernment as well as the discovery of elements that distinguish a particular climate from other climates could be achieved. Ahmad Mahmoud, creating a tree called "Temple Fig" which is one of the native elements of the South, has rotated the characters of this novel around the axis of this tree and tries to explain their thoughts and actions in the nature. In this novel, he seeks to show tree worship and the beliefs about it. Thus, the novel contains many mythical concepts such as tree worship, tree planting, vows for it, and healing, as well as popular beliefs such as amulets, hanging dates, and shelter. In this novel, the horseshoe was set on fire, the votive offerings were given on Tuesday, and so on.
Honoring the fig tree of temples is so significant that people perform special rituals such as bowing to the tree, engaging in closing, and making vows to meet the needs of the tree. Because the tree is the symbol of revival, and some trees and plants have medicinal properties, some of the characters in this novel have been directed to the tree to cure disease. The novel refers to the "burial of the fetus under the fig tree of temples " which refers to the human plant or the kinship of man with the plant. Hanging a doll from a tree is one of the rain-worshiping rituals portrayed in this novel by women.  In the ritual of rain, "a doll or a scarecrow or a person with a change of face is present. “Rain dolls are rooted in the Anahita myth, the goddess who has been revered and worshiped by the people of ancient Iran to the extent that many shrines and statues were built for these goddesses” (Zolfaqari,2016, p. 91).
Conclusion
Ahmad Mahmoud, in his novel The Fig Tree of Temples, refers to the man's inseparable relationship with nature, and therefore chooses the name of his novel from nature to double the man's attention to nature. Among the manifestations of nature, we can mention the "tree", about which many beliefs have been formed. The continual revival of the tree, its immortality, and its latent forces on the one hand, and man's inability to do so on the other, have led to the formation of sacred and ritual beliefs in different eras among the people, so much so that at a historical juncture, the tree and the manifestations of nature, as vegetative gods, were given serious attention by human beings, which can be observed in the novel The Fig Tree of Temples. The fig tree of temples, which is unique to desert cities and has an amazing growth, is considered as a prelude to entering the public beliefs of Ahvaz. It, then, depicts the various forms of tree worship that stem from the totemic connection of the man with the plant.
Most men and women engage in this behavior, which can lead to the groom standing on the roof of the hallway and the bride passing under it, the votive vow of Tuesday, the horseshoe in the fire, and the chanting. The author also mentioned carrying amulets, hanging donkeys, sheltering eyes, and so on. Factors influencing the formation of popular beliefs in this novel include culture, customs, beliefs, specific climate of Ahvaz, escapism, people's insight about nature, awareness of future conflicts, poverty, and ignorance.
 
 
References

•  Ansari, Z., Jamali, A & Zareei, B. (2014). Investigating and classifying the mythical idea of ​​the male tree in the folk tales of Hormozgan. Mystical and mythological literature, 10(36), 35-65.
•  Aydanlow, S. (2005). The mythical theme of the plant's growth from man and its reflection in Shahnameh and Persian literature. Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Mashhad. 15(13), 105-132.
•  Fazeli, F., Nikouei, A & Naqdi, E. (2013) Cultural approach to plants and trees in mythology and literature. Literature research, 7(23), 9-33.
•  Zolfaqari, H. (2016). Review and analysis of rain show and rain reading plays in the general literature of Iran (relying on shark tours and rain brides). Kohan Nameyeh Adabe Parsi, 7(4), 61- 99.

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In this study, in addition to forming a steel tube of D6AC by direct flowforming, in order to examine the effects of different parameters of heat treatment process on the a for mentioned part properties, different cycles of heat treatment process are designed and after doing so, mechanical properties and microstructural changes of flowformed tube are investigated. For this purpose, at 850, 900 and 950 ˚C austenitizing temperatures for 15 and 30 minutes and AUS-BAY quenching at 510 ˚C for 10 minutes, and then quenching at 60 ˚C oil are used. Initial tempering for 2 hours at 250 ˚C and final tempering for 2 hours at 250, 300, 350 and 450 ˚C was performed. Investigations show that the optimum heat treatment cycle is austenitizing at 850 ˚C for 30 minutes, and final tempering at 300 ˚C, because of creating high strength and suitability for fracture toughness. Due to small grains of initial austenite, the ductility properties are also adequate.

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The purpose of this study was to measure sensory, chemical, microbial, freshness and shelf life of packaged Tilapia fillets by vacuum and modified atmosphere methods compared to fillets packaged by aerobic method at refrigeration. Methods: Treatments consisted of Tilapia fillets packaged by vacuum and modified atmosphere methods. The fillets packaged by aerobic method were as control samples. Findings: TVB-N, PV, TBARS, total bacterial count, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas bacteria, sensory parameters and freshness showed significant differences in experimental and control treatments (P<0.05). The studied factors did not show significant difference in modified atmosphere treatments compared to vacuum treatments (p> 0.05). Coliform, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria were not observed in experimental and control treatments. Sensory evaluation and frshness were better in modified atmosphere treatment compared to vacuum treatment (p> 0.05). Chemical, microbial, sensory factors and freshness had significantly different in the experimental treatments compared to the control sample (p<0.05). The experimental and control treatments had good quality during 14 and 6 days at refrigeration. Conclusion: Considering the absence of significant differences in microbial and chemical quality of experimental treatments and higher sensory evaluation and freshness of modified atmosphere treatment compared to other treatments, modified atmosphere packaging method is recommended for packing Tilapia fish fillet at refrigerator temperature.

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Accessibility planning, because of integrating both land use and transportation system, have a significant role in the process of urban planning and design. significance was proposed since 1950S especially after the war between Israel and Arab nations in 1970S that caused increasing in oil price and criticizing of auto city urban design pattern. This pattern led to separation of living and working locations, urban sprawl, increasing use of car for work trips, more use of fuel and finally air, noise and environment pollutions. One of the important methods for overcoming this problem is accessibility planning. Accessibility means “reducing distance between the locations of home and work” or “easy reach to destination”. The purpose of the research was to investigate inequitable distribution of bus accessibility index. Thus, Hanson’s reformed model was implemented based on population, employment and distance variables between the local boundaries (12 zones) of Mashhad city using geographical information system (GIS). The results of this research showed that dominant transportation system is car usage (27.8% of total trips). Public transportation (bus usage) by 24% of the total of trips stands in the second stage. Mashhad has not any rail routes (monorail or metro). Also the results showed that accessibility value is oriented from northeast to southeast, i.e. toward the new zones of the city’s development plan. Finally, calculations showed that direct accessibility to bus is 88% of area and 86% of population (equivalent to 25.49 Sq km and 342987 people).Therefore, applying of accessibility planning method is necessary for construction of new bus routes or changing of the present bus routes for full coverage of the city especially the deprived areas of Mashhad.

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Aims: The aim of present study was production of Fatir bread fortified with rainbow trout and silver carp meats and evaluation of its quality attributes during room temperature storage.
Materials & Methods: Different concentrations of cooked rainbow trout and silver carp meat (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) were added to the Fatir bread and sensory properties of prepared bread were measured. Then, selected treatments were stored for 9 days at room temperature and during this time the quality attributes were evaluated. 
Findings: Results of initial sensory evaluations were showed that the Fatir bread containing 5% of rainbow trout and 10% of silver carp were accepted. Results also demonstrated that the protein, lipid and moisture content of the bread were increased with addition of the fish meat. Fatir bread fortified with fish meat had higher TVB-N, peroxide and total viable bacteria during room storage period. In terms of flavor index, the control Fatir bread was acceptable until the end of the storage period, however, the breads fortified with fish meat were within the acceptable range until day 5.
Conclusion: Can be concluded that although fortified breads showed higher nutritional value, they had lower shelf life than control bread. Between fortified breads, the quality changes were lower in the bread containing rainbow trout meat.    
 

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Objective: Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria widely distributed in the environment. This bacteria is an opportunistic human pathogen that can cause diarrheal and emetic types of food poisoning. The diarrhea type of food poisoning can be caused by hemolysin BL (HBL), non-hemolytic (NHE), and cytotoxin K enterotoxins. Rice is commonly contaminated with B. cereus. The objective of this study is to detect enterotoxigenic genes of the NHE complex and assess their incidence in B. cereus isolates in rice samples from Zanjan, Iran. Methods: We randomly purchased 10 different rice samples from food stores and cultured them in PEMPA. Following biochemical testing, the bacterial colonies were identified by PCR. B. cereus isolates were checked for the NHE complex genes by specific primers using multiplex PCR. Results: Results showed that rice samples were contaminated with B. cereus. The NHE complex genes were found in 8 bacterial samples. Conclusion: B. cereus is able to tolerate high temperatures; in cooked rice the spores can undergo germination by reheating. The results of this study have shown that NHE multiplex PCR is a prompt, reliable method for the differentiation between non-enterotoxigenic and enterotoxigenic isolates of B. cereus. Despite its common dietary role, rice in Iran has rarely been investigated from a microbiological point of view. Enhancing awareness about virulence and prevalence of genes involved in food poisoning would be effective in the prevention of food poisoning.

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  Objective: Electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) is emitted from mobile phones. Various researches have shown relationships between mobile phone EMR exposure to cancer and neurologic damages. This study aims to investigate the effects of mobile phone EMR on brain antioxidant enzyme activity and the learning process. Methods: Rat pups and their dames were exposed to EMR for 3 h per day from P2 to P14. After separation of male and female rats on P22, the rats were housed in an air room under normal animal conditions. From P59 to P61, male rats were trained three times per day for a total of 3 days. On P62, their behavior was assessed. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation and the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in their brains were assessed. Results: The amount of time to locate the hidden platform and time spent exhibiting freezing behavior increased in exposed group compared to the control group. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were reduced in the mobile phone group. Conclusion: Additional studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between mobile phone radiation and brain tissue with regards to antioxidant enzyme activities, learning and memory. Our results suggest that mobile phone radiation may lead to decreased learning that is induced by abnormalities in antioxidant enzyme activities.

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In this paper by using of modified shear-lag model and superposition technique, the stress concentration factor in a unidirectional composite lamina with angled and staggered cracks is investigated. Unlike classical shear-lag model, in modified model, both the fiber and matrix are able to sustain axial loads. For a unit cell of fiber and matrix , the differential-difference equations of equilibrium were derived and solved for displacements and stress fields within the lamina. For a total fiber N and row of r, number of break fiber ,by superposition technique, The maximum stress concentration factor of lamina with angled and staggered breaks was calculated. Results show that the classical shear-lag model can not predict the stress concentration factor accurately when value of Matrix-to-Fiber moduli ratio is increased. In glass-epoxy lamina with staggered and angled cracks, the maximum stress concentration factor decreases by 39% and 43%, respectively, versus the aligned fiber breaks. By increasing the Matrix-to-Fiber moduli and Matrix-to-Fiber volume fraction ratios the maximum stress concentration factor decreases. As Em/Ef approaches to zero, results have a good agreement with primary shear-lag model.

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The aim of present study was therefore to investigate the effect of different duty cycles (8, 12 & 16%) at different times (2.5, 5 & 10 min) of plasma treatment on anthocyanin content, color change and microboal quality of barberry juice in comparison with thermally pasteurized (80 °C for 2 min) and untreated samples. The results showed that all plasma-treated samples possessed higher anthocyanin content as well as greater L* and a* values than thermally-treated and untreated samples (p≤0.05), regardless of duty cycles and treatment times; This superiority was, however, more pronounced (p≤0.05) for the longer plasma treatments. Likewise, the longer plasma treatment was accompanied by significant decrease in total microbial count as well as yeasts and molds count (p≤0.05) of barberry juice. It was observed that the improving effect of prolonged plasma treatment on microbial quality of barberry juice was intensified at higher duty cycles. However, the microbial quality of plasma-treated barberry juice was far lower than that of thermally pasteurized sample. The results of this study show that the barberry juice treated with cold atmospheric plasma had higher nutritional value and more desirable color than thermally pasteurized one but despite the decrease in contamination, failed to meet the requirements of ISIRI for microbial quality.

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Copper clad aluminum composite wire used in wire and cable industry is an applied product. This product must be manufactured according to standard ASTM B566. According to this standard the connection between the layers is one of the quality parameters. Interlayer pressure during the production process, plays an important role in the quality of connection between two layers. The effects of important wire drawing parameters, including a half-angle dies, reduction ratio and coefficient of friction on the interlayer pressure were discussed by slab methods. After samples making, test of wire drawing process was conducted to determine the force with three modes of dry friction, oil lubrication and grease lubrication. There was good agreement between experimental and analytical methods. With Increase in friction coefficient of interlayer the interlayer pressure will increase. With increase in half angle of die, the interlayer pressure was increase significantly. So that, by increasing the half angle of die from 5 to 75 degree, the interlayer pressure increases about 3 times. Also, with increase in reduction of area the interlayer pressure was increase. But, it was found that the friction coefficient of die does not have a role in interlayer pressure changes.