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Background:  Aeromonas spp. can cause diarrhea and various infections in humans. Access to rapid techniques with a high sensitivity and specificity is strongly needed for the identification of Aeromonas species. The aim of this study was to evaluate two different methods including API 20E bacterial identification tests and the molecular detection using PCR primers specific for 16s-rRNA and 23S-rRNA genes sequences for identification of Aeromonas spp. in stool samples from patients with diarrhea. Materials and Methods: One hundred stool samples from diarrheal patients were collected. All isolates were subjected toAPI 20 E strip tests and PCR using specific primers for identification of Aeromonas spp. Results: The API 20E analysis identified 2 (2.2%) isolates as Aeromonas spp. Molecular identification by aero-23S-rRNA gene confirmed the same 2 isolates as identified by the API 20E strips. Conclusion: Both API 20E system and PCR method using Aero 23S-rRNA primer were found to be accurate in identification of Aeromonas spp. isolates with highconfidence.

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Different types of soil erosion including gully erosion occur in many parts of Iran. The west of Iran is further threatened by gully erosion due to its specific physical and climatic conditions. However, few studies have been carried out to study the sediment production of gully erosion in Iran. This research was therefore conducted to measure storm-wise sediment production of gully erosion in the west of Iran. To achieve the study objectives, 48 gullies located in three small watersheds viz. Darreh-Shahr, Abbas-Abad and Hollowsh in Ilam and Lorestan Provinces were monitored. The volumes of gullies were measured before and after 5 rainstorms for Darreh-Shahr and Abbas Abad watersheds and 6 rainstorms for Hollowsh watershed from 2005 to 2007. Sediment production was calculated on storm basis for each gully. The results revealed that the minimum and maximum volumes of gully erosion were 0.002 and 1.010 m³, respectively, for one millimeter of rainfall. The results indicated that soil moisture, percentage of silt and clay, amount and intensity of rainfall and drainage area were the most important factors on formation and sediment production of gully erosion.

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Aims: Vibrio cholerae is one of the intestinal gram-negative bacteria, causing cholera disease in developing countries; the two serogroups of O1 and O139 are the main causes of diarrhea. The bacteria resistance pattern to antibiotics varies in different countries. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance pattern of the isolates to representative antibiotics.
Materials & Methods: A total of 20 V. cholerae clinical strains were isolated from patients with cholera in Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran during 2012-2013 outbreaks. After being identified by biochemical and molecular techniques, antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 6 antibiotics according to CLSI standards. Then, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined for tetracycline and erythromycin, using E-Test method.
Findings: All of the isolates were EL Tor biotype, O1 serogroup, and Inaba serotype. All of isolates were resistant to erythromycin and nalidixic acid, and 50% were resistant to tetracycline, while no resistance was observed against to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ampicillin.
Conclusion: The sensitivity of all clinical isolates to antibiotics mentioned suggests that these antibiotics can likely be used in cholera disease treatment.

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Problem: Architecture and cinema are a collection of art and technology that are intertwined with the help of the capable hands of an architect and a filmmaker. The two can act similarly in infusing the spirit of life into space and evoking human feelings. Among these, urban spaces and architectural buildings are very important as the location of a film event and represent the temporal, cultural, historical, social and are in the movie. So that paying attention to the category of architecture in cinema in a serious and conscious way is an idea that can be considered by directors and filmmakers. This article explores this relationship in the movie Mother, made by Ali Hatami.
Target: In this research, first to interpret the architectural space and place, Kanter's views on the sense of place are considered, then the features of melodrama style in cinema and its features are discussed and then the architectural concepts and features of place in The scene design of Hatami's film "Mother" is studied in terms of activity, body and meaning. The counter recognizes three components for each location: Physical characteristics, activities & Imaginations.
Method: To understand this issue, try to use the historical-interpretive method to communicate the spatial-local dialectical process, which requires the analysis and description of the components resulting from the changes identified in this research. Finally, through deductive-inductive reasoning, it has been tried to identify the output components of the tool used in this research.
Result: For this purpose, it was tried to explain the temporal process of the sequences taken from the film Mother in relation to the spatial coexistence or the progress and delay of the moving space of the scene from a sense of feeling. Eclectic view of space? By linking human relations with place in melodrama cinema, he identified a kind of space-place dialectic that can be affirmed and achieved in key words: spatial diachronic and synchronic.

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Carful investigation on Calendar and its related ceremonies which is part of the public culture will be a good guidance in studying the social values and sociological researches. Calendar writing has a long antiquity in Iran. Iranians have experienced various calendars, some traces of which can still be found among different folks and tribes. One of those remaining calendars which bear the signs of ancient culture is Sangsari calendar. This calendar is considered as part of the cultures of folks among Sangsari’s which is associated with Mehri and, Zoroastrian, and national culture. This article, while focusing on sangsari calendar these customs and celebrations; explains about popular public songs in Sangsar which is closely related to the calendar and living system of the people. Investigating these songs helps us gain a general familiarity with the spirit of the people of this land and also become familiar with some of their social relationships.

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Introduction: Based on current estimations of different organizations, half of the world’s population live in cities, and these cities are the main consumers of energy. Cities have grand contribution in energy production of the world (around %60 to %80) and they have such enormous contribution in the emission of CO2. Energy is at the heart of the most critical economic, environmental and developmental issues facing the world today. Energy is essential to the delivery of urban services, and its role can be consid-ered vital at many stagesin the urban design process. This research begins with the planning and layout of a new cityand goes through to the socioeconomic structure of the city and its activities and the choiceof energy carriers and technologies used to meet the city’s energy demands. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in urban climate and energy issues. LiteratureReview:Based on theories and history of energy consumption levels in different countries and with the consideration of sustainable development in the world, protection of energy resources became important and along continuing years, different approaches like smart growth, compact development, etc. have been introduced which shows the importance of this issue. Urban planning and design determines a city’s spatial, physical and managerial structure and influences directly and indirectly the energy consumption. Energy modeling in city scale is an ideal tool for studying energy consumption and reducing production of greenhouse gases in urban planning level. Models of urban efficiency evaluation in city scale is based on building, transport, etc. criterions and their great potential for consuming energy and producing greenhouse gases, can be proper guidelines for reducing energy consumption and in-creasing energy efficiency (EE). With regards to population growth and rapid urbanization, It seems es-sential to evaluate energy consumption and for improving its efficiency with different strategies. With regards to these issues, EE, either for protection of energy resources and optimum utilization of them, or for opposition with climate change and their pollutions, are issues which have importance in both nation-al and international dimensions. So, many actions have been accomplished which concentrate on two main issues: sustainable development and opposition with climate change. There are few studies about these issues, for example World Bank has worked in a few case studies such as Gaziantep in Turkey.In Iran, also based on done census in recent years, we have evolved in ur-banization through the increase of city›s count and immigration of villagers. There is also limited case studies in Iran, about the energy efficiency assessment in small scales, such as the neighborhood and building. So, nowadays, necessity of energy efficiency evaluation is important because of irregular energy consumption through optimized actions of urban planning which can reduce a city’s dependence on fos-sil energies and reduce costs and release financial resources for improvement of city services and social-economic advantages. Methodology: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between urban planning and energy efficiency, to present related approaches to this issue and to survey energy efficiency evaluation models with an emphasis to urban scale. Depending on the scale studied, models with different scales can be used to evaluate energy efficiency. Some models are used to study the energy efficiency in the scale of cities and others in lowers scales of a city’s divisions, such as districts and neighborhoods. Through studying EE models, we can identify their effective factors and existing barriers, as well as their performances. After considering the theoretical elements in evaluating the EE in city planning while fo-cusing on identifying different models and approaches to evaluate energy efficiency, two models in two levels have been chosen in this research: Firstly, TRACE model was chosen to evaluate the amount of energy consumption with different indices and criteria in the whole city of Tehran and the required sug-gestions were made for EE to be increased.TRACE is a decision-support system designed to help cities quickly identify and harness EE opportunities. It targets underperforming sectors, evaluates improvement and cost-saving potential,and helps prioritize actions for EE interventions. TRACE focuses on the munici-pal sectors with the highest energy use: passenger transport, municipal buildings, water and wastewater, public lighting and solid waste. Then, LEED model was chosen in the second level to evaluate energy efficiency more accurately in the districts of Tehran, and the sample neighborhood was Zahirabad in District 20 of Tehran which was studied with different indexes so that the EE in this area could be evaluated. The LEED is based on existing proven technology that drives market strength and credibility through the industry-wide development of LEED products. LEED is an initiative designed to actively promote the transformation of the mainstream towards more sustainable practices. Results:Results show that energy consumption evaluation can identify the High-power indicators and have an important role in reducing consuming energy of cities. In this study, in the initial level, Trace Model, based on comparison with other world cities, which has been included in presupposition of mod-el, and determination of their priority, building and transport indicators have been estimated as the most energy consumer parts of Tehran; And in the second level, in order to evaluate energy efficiency in neighborhood scale, has been done with LEED model which concentrates on most energy consuming indicators in first level -building and transport-. The score of neighborhood evaluation with LEED model is approximately acceptable based on this model and with regards to chosen criterions energy efficiency in neighborhood is in middle level and with changing certain situations we can increase EE in neighborhood. The survey of energy efficiency in one of the neighborhoods can provide a framework for evaluating other neighborhoods of Tehran in future studies and finally estimating EE in city level. Paying respect to time limitations, this neighborhood has been chosen just as a case, in order to use this model for other neighborhoods of Tehran and to recognize legal frameworks and development plans, policies and strate-gies for reducing energy consumption in different levels. Discussion and Conclusion: Research findings show that construction and transportation are the two most effective factors in the amount of energy consumption and efficiency. Resulting strategies from this study -based on tools and methods of energy efficiency evaluation- for reducing energy consumption and increasing energy efficiency include: promotion of mixed land-use, augmentation of density and compaction, development of public transportation, management and pricing parking, augmentation of pedestrian and bicycle accessibility and changing of energy consumption patterns at home, building and infrastructure parts, etc. Moreover, consideration of essentials in using reproducible energies in plan-ning can improve the utilization of these energies and increase energy efficiency. It ought to be said that in order to respond to the energy efficiency challenge in cities, it is important to choose a particular method with regards to native situations and city scale. With presenting proper strategies and changing in case studies, we can adjust energy consumption and go toward energy efficiency and a sustainable de-velopment. So, according to the results from analysis and proposed recommendations and strategies for improving energy efficiency in two scales, we can increase energy efficiency with setting policies and taking action.

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Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a predatory mite that can control spider mites. The effect of seven strawberry cultivars (including: ‘Marak’, ‘Yalova’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Sequoia’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’) on the growth and development of N. californicus was studied in the laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod). There was significant difference in the number of trichomes on the leaves of strawberry cultivars. Life table parameters were analyzed based on age˗ stage, two˗sex life table. Egg incubation and protonymphal duration were significantly different when the predator was reared on different cultivars. There was no significant difference of total longevity among different cultivars. The longest preoviposition period was observed on ‘Aliso’ (1.70 days). The fecundity rate on ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Sequioa’ (6.90 and 8.91 eggs, respectively) was lower than other cultivars tested. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.20 day^-1) and fecundity rates (13.29 eggs) were on ‘Chandler’, which might be due to the higher nutritional quality of Tetranychus urticae Koch reared on it or its low density of trichomes. Among the seven strawberry cultivars ‘Sequoia’, ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Yalova’ were recognized unsuitable for development and reproduction of N. californicus.

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This study describes the result of relationship between DISC personality types and pay to performance system as well as the relationship between Herzberg two-factor model and pay to performance. 300 mangers’ of Bank Refahe Kargaran has selected to participate in the study through random selection. Data gathered and analyzed in this research were based on three measurements of Herzberg two-factor questionnaire, the Disc Profile questionnaire and Dowling and Richardson pay to performance questionnaire. Analyzed data clearly show that managers having Conscientiousness behaviors were significantly more satisfied with pay to performance. In addition, within this personality type, the relationship between all Herzberg two-factor items and pay to performance were positive and highly significant. This study implied that DISC types have a moderate effect on the pay to performance effectiveness and implications, limitations, and suggestions were also discussed.

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This research aims at analyzing and comparing the development of lexical cohesive devices (repetition, collocation, synonymy, hyponymy, meronymy) in Persian-Speaking students’ written discourse at primary level (9 to 12 years old) according to logical meta-function introduced in Halliday and Mathiessen’s systemic functional grammar (2004). Descriptive analytical method is used in this study. 45 students (boys) studying at primary school (4^th, 5^th and 6^th grades) in 1393-94 have been selected through random-sampling. Two written tests in the form of picture stories were administered for gathering the written data. Frequency, percentage and pattern of development of using lexical cohesive devices were compared and analyzed. The frequency of lexical cohesive devices in 4^th, 5^th and 6^th grades were, 862, 967, and 1119. Repetition and collocation in all grades are the most frequent and hyponymy and meronymy are the least frequent devices. The percentage of repetition decreases from 4^th grade to 6^th grade while in hyponymy and meronymy it is increased. According to Kruskal–Wallis test the differences of using synonymy and repetition are not significant although differences of using collocation, hyponymy and meronymy are significant (p≤ 0/05). It seems that not only the frequency of different lexical cohesive devices in students’ written discourse increases as the grades increase, but also more sophisticated  lexical cohesive devices are found in writings of the students in higher grades.

 Keywords: Lexical cohesion, written discourse, Functional grammar, Students.

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The choice of an efficient breeding procedure depends to a large extent on knowledge of the genetic system controlling the character to be selected. The objective of this study was to determine genetic parameters for yield and other traits including some of the yield components under three planting densities, using analysis of generation means (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) derived from crosses of B73 with Mo17 and K74/1 inbred lines of corn. Analysis of variance reinforced the hypothesis that interaction of plant density on genera-tion means depends on evaluating genotypes and the kind of trait. Generation mean analysis suggested that both additive and dominance effects were important for most of the traits evaluated in this study, but dominance had a more pronounced effect. Epistasis affected the expression of nine traits in both crosses at three planting densities. Expres-sion of epistasis and genetic parameters differed in the two crosses and were influenced by plant density. Plant densities interacted more strongly with epistasis gene action than with additive or dominance gene action in both crosses.

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Market orientation and it’s impact on the business performance is an important subject in customer and market management field. At first, this paper investigates various view points and models of market orientation and it examines the effects of market orientation on business performance with respect to marketing capability. Then we investigate the key causal linkages among “market orientation culture”, “intelligence market”, “marketing capabilities” and “business performance”. A decision-oriented and conceptual model is proposed and tested based on data from industrial environment using structural equation modelling technique. The results support the notion that business performance in current competitive environment is under the influence of integration market orientation and marketing capabilities.

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There are a lot of approximation techniques for structural optimization. Among them, four outstanding approximation methods have been selected for trusses optimization. These approaches have been developed or modified by previous ones. Based on these schemes, a lot of trusses have been optimized by author's program. This study shows that the abilities of the mentioned methods are not the same and some of them have deficiencies. Reaching a better solution, lesser analysis time, oscillation of response, numerical stability and also using a variety of the design variables are among the findings of this work. A brief of these obtained results has been given in the conclusion part.

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Abstract: The rotational components of seismic strong-motion are attracting attention since it is becoming evident that it may contribute considerably to the overall response of structures to earthquake motions. Also, it is clear that the effects of near-fault ground motions with large velocity pulses, large amplitude, long period, and pulse type of excitation can create critical working conditions. In the near-field of an earthquake the effects of the rotational components of ground motion may not be negligible specially for important structures. In this paper, an improved method for calculating the time histories of torsional and rocking components of ground motion corresponding to a set of three recorded orthogonal translational components is presented. The current processing of earthquake records provide information only about the three translational (two horizontal and one vertical) components of the ground motion, primarily because these are the only components that can be directly instrumentally measured. However, the translational components during a seismic event are always accompanied by rotational components because of the traveling wave effects. Several studies have shown the importance of rotational components in the seismic analysis and design of structures. The seismic design codes also prescribe “accidental eccentricity” in the design force calculations to account for the unknown torsional inputs and unintended eccentricity in the design of a building. One of the reasons why this input is not explicitly taken into account in the seismic design codes is the lack of reliable information on torsional ground spectra. In this study the three rotational components of earthquakes records is generated artificial by three translational components. The torsional motions in terms of time derivative of translational components and shear wave velocity of site are derived. Seven translational earthquake records of far fault and seven translational earthquake records from near-fault have been selected. The rotational components of far fault and near fault are generated the response spectral for translational as well as rotational components are presented and compare to each other in other to verify the characteristic of the near fault response spectral compare to the far fault response spectral. Furthermore, the effect of rotational motion on structural response is investigated. Therefore the six components of earthquakes records of far fault and near fault applied to the idealized system model and the response of the system are determine.

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In addition to health effects, plant extracts can be used as natural preservatives with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the food industry. In this study, effect of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic extracts of watercress on the chemical and microbial quality of rainbow trout fillet at refrigerator temperature for 12 days was investigated. After drying the leaves at darkness and room temperature extract was extracted with 45, 65, 75 and 96% ethanol solvents for 24 hours at 65 °C. The results showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) in yields and phenolic content, 0.1 mg /ml of extract 65% with an extraction efficiency of 20% the highest amount of total phenol (88.60 ± 2.46%), DPPH (84.73 ± 0%); and ABTS (83.83 ± 0.06%) were. Also, the growth inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis in sample extracted with 65% ethanol had a significant difference with other extracts (P≤0.05). Rainbow trout fillet samples in 65% ethanol extract showed lower levels of TVB-N, PV and TBA to the control treatment during storage (P≤0.05). Rainbow trout fillet samples in 65% ethanol extract showed lower levels of TVB-N, PV and TBA indices of fillets compared to control treatment during storage (P≤0.05). Talking about bacterial index, the amount of total and pseudomonas bacteria in the treatment containing the extract did not reach the maximum allowable limit (10⁶ cfu /g^-1) by the twelfth day, Indicates the effectiveness of the extract on increasing the shelf-life of fillets compared to the control.
 

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The aim of this study was to extract astaxanthin from banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) using ultrasound assisted method and to investigate its antioxidant properties. Extraction with organic acetone solvent was performed by soaking on a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 5, 10, and 15 minutes, as well as neutralization tests of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Fe³⁺ ion reduction was carried out. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis of the data. The best astaxanthin yield was 79.5±0.012 µg/g in the conditions of 20 minutes of magnetic stirrer at ambient temperature with 400 watts of ultrasound for 10 minutes, and the lowest average yield was observed in the condition of 15 minutes of magnetic stirrer at ambient temperature with 400 watts of ultrasound with a time of 15 minutes with a value of 69.3±0.049 µg/g. The findings of all three ABTS, DPPH, and Fe3+ ion reduction tests revealed that the settings were 20 minutes of magnetic stirrer at ambient temperature followed by 10 minutes of 400 watts of ultrasound. In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that using ultrasound for a shorter period of time has a better effect, while increasing the time diminishes the yield and antioxidant qualities.

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In this study, the effect of different hydrolysis times (45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 minutes) by alcalase enzyme on the yield and quality of oil extracted from common kilka fish (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) was investigated. The results showed that the highest extraction yield (40.41%) was in the hydrolyzed treatment for 135 minutes, which was not significantly different from other treatments. The qualitative indices of TBA, FFA, and CD of the extracted oils increased by increasing hydrolysis time, so the highest value of the mentioned indices was at 225 minutes, while the highest value of the PV index was at 180 minutes. Because the treatment of oil extracted in 45 minutes had lower values in the investigated oxidative spoilage indicators, it was selected as the treatment. The composition of its fatty acids was investigated, and it was found that monounsaturated fatty acids were the predominant fatty acids. Also, the amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids did not show significant differences (p < 0.05). According to the obtained results, it was found that different hydrolysis times have different effects on the yield and quality of the obtained oil. Therefore, more research and studies are needed to fully investigate the effect of hydrolysis time on the quality characteristics of the oil extracted from Kilka fish.
 

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ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to produce protein isolates from the head of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) and study its functional and structural properties. Fish protein isolates were prepared by the pH shift method using alkaline pHs 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, and 12.5. The results showed that the efficiency of protein extraction and its amount of essential amino acids at pH 11.5 were higher than other treatments. Furthermore, the results of determination of functional properties such as Water Holding Capacity, Oil Holding Capacity, emulsifying properties, foaming and solubility of the isolated proteins showed that as the pH increased, the functional properties improved and the protein isolates at pH 11.5 compared with other treatments was significantly higher. (p < 0.05). Comparison of the color characteristics (L, a and b) of the isolated proteins showed at pH 12 were more bright (higher L parameter) than those isolated in other treatments tested. In addition, the amount of red (parameter a) and yellowness (parameter b) of the isolated proteins decreased with increasing pH. The results of the organoleptic examination of the smell and taste of protein isolates at pH 11.5 are the most common among other treatments. According to the observed cases, the results show that the resulting Siberian sturgeon isolate protein has favorable functional properties and that the use of alkaline pH changes can lead to improved functional properties and parameters of color protein isolates.

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Rainbow trout have found a good place in the household food basket due to their valuable nutritional properties. Therefore, supply in the form of hygienic packaging of this product due to CORONA pandemic in the country will be inevitable. This research has been done in order to provide intelligent packaging with the ability to detect microbial spoilage of rainbow trout. Fish fillet was packaged with H₂S gas sensor based on FeCl₃/Cellulose acetate. These packages were examined for total bacteria, temperatures swing, H₂S producing bacteria and Escherichia coli (1×10⁴ CFU/ml) during storage at 25 ° C for 3 days as well as storage at 4 ° C for 16 days. After imaging the correlation, the color changes of the sensor were calculated and evaluated as the color value. Sensor performance in terms of color change was significant (P <0.05) and the correlation between sensor color value and total bacterial growth in a 3-day period was 0.901. In order to accurately identify the growth of Escherichia coli, the correlation of Pearson color value and bacterial growth was equal to 0.932. Also, in the study the correlation between the color value with the number of total bacteria, temperatures swing bacteria and H₂S producing bacteria were 0.835, 0.869 and 0.836, respectively. Using a sensor with a combination of iron (III) chloride and cellulose acetate to determine the microbial spoilage of rainbow trout can be used in the future as a consumer-centric quality control method that can be commercialized.