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Eric Landowski's semantic and interactive system based on four paradigms of "planning"; "Persuasion"; "Accident and adaptation" is based on the principles of "regularity", "intention", "chance" and "emotional", respectively. Naturally, it is possible to implement this model in epistemological and religious fields in which it is compatible with the interactive practices of the subjects, and based on this, the variety and difference of religious personality practices can be read with this model. Contract. One of the discourses in the Holy Quran is the conversations and interactive practices of Prophet Yusuf with other people in the surah. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this study seeks to examine the dialogues and interactive practices of Yusuf's story based on the theoretical framework of Eric Landowski and to explain the relationship between this model and the characters of Surah Yusuf. The general result of the research shows that the subjects and interactive practices are distinguished from each other on the basis of four semantic systems, and each of the characters in the story is adapted based on one of the four semantic systems. Is interception; Among them: It is the interactive practices of Prophet Yusuf (AS) that are based on the type of insight and ideology of the origin and destination of the universe, within the framework of the programmatic semantic system, and other characters are also based on the type of insight and goals. Which follow are debatable and applicable in one or two types of this semantic system.

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The Quranic word "raht" is associated with two semantic domains: kinship and community, and it encompasses various meanings. The present study seeks to address the issue of why the word "raht" has multiple meanings and what its primary meaning is. Commentators and linguists have not provided any answer to this issue. These meanings are believed to have originated from potential twin roots in the Afroasiatic language family and the reasons behind the polysemy of this word by examining the processes of semantic construction of the word, along with its usages in Arab culture. This will be achieved by utilizing historical sources and then analyzing the word in the context of relevant Quranic verses, using a descriptive-analytical method. In the end, it has been established that the origins of this word can be traced back to two possible root meanings in ancient languages, one related to "combining" and "hand" and the other associated with "digging." These meanings have evolved over time and have shaped the various interpretations of the word. The association of common concepts of "group" and "collective" in classical Arabic and genealogy texts is derived from the concurrent meanings of "combination" and "symbol of the hand" in one branch of the word's historical roots and Considering the historical and cultural context of this word and its usage in the context of Quranic verses, it becomes clear that "Raht" is the smallest group within a tribe, often associated with unity and cooperation in facing or dealing with turmoil and challenges.

 

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Uncoated fish burgers were produced in order to expand the variety of products from Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthies molitrix ,and increase the consumption of this fish species. On the other hand in order to compare the effect of ascorbic acid and vacuum packaging on rancidity inhibition and microbial quality, 3 different treatments of fish burger were produced: 1. Burger with common packaging (Control group), 2. Burger with vacuum packaging 3. Burger with 500 ppm ascorbic acid in common packaging. All the treatments were stored in -18 ºC for 6 months after freezing by a spiral freezer in -35 ºC. Chemical, microbiological and sensory evaluations were determined from time 0 and after that monthly until the 6^th month. The TVB-N value increased during the storage period but it never passed out of the standard range. The TBA value increased in all treatments but in ascorbic acid treatment it was significantly lower than the other two groups. The pH amounts during storage period decreased in all treatments homogeneously. Microbial counts in all treatments and especially in vacuum packed burgers decreased during the storage period. Organoleptic test demonstrated the preference of burgers treated by ascorbic acid. The shelf life of control group and burgers with vacuum packaging was determined 3 months at least. The shelf life of treated burgers with ascorbic acid was determined about 6 months specially based on the TBA index and sensory evaluation. Vacuum packaging was more effective to protect burgers of chemical and microbial changes compared to common packaging.

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Mnemiopsis leidyi population activities first were recorded during the coastal observations in 2001 in which its population considerably increased afterward and now sustained the southern Caspian Sea. Maximum summer-autumn M. leidyi abundance was recorded in euphotic layer in 2002 (851±85 ind.m^-3) and maximum biomass was in 2001 with 48.1±14.4 g.m^-3) while minimum were in aphotic layer. In years 2003 to 2011, M. leidyi abundance and biomass sharply declined to 1-843 ind.m^-3 and 0.07-37.7 g.m^-3, respectively. The length-frequency distribution of Mnemiopsis showed larval, juveniles and transitional stages that made up 98.6% of the total population. In the southern Caspian Sea, Acartia tonsa was the highest number of mesozooplankton species (36 species) which decreased tenfold after Mnemiopsis invasion during 2001-2010. Fecundity experiments of Mnemiopsis showed the average of 8 eggs. day^-1, with a maximum of 35 eggs.day^-1which increased with increasing body length. The main food was larger amounts of zooplankton prey such as copepodites and adult of A. tonsa. It seems the sharp decreased of Mnemiopsis abundance could be related the decreasing of ova reproduction; and food ability is the main reasons of M. leidyi sustained in the southern Caspian Sea. The objective of present study was to provide information about parameters influencingthe M. leidyi decreased after initial bloom invasion in the southern Caspian Sea.

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An 84-day feeding trial was carried out onfingerling (4.44 ± 0.06 g) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss, Walbaum, 1792) to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with a commercial prebiotic GroBiotic^®-A (G-A) on the growth, feed efficiency, haematology and immunlogical parameters. Ttreatments containing various inclusions of G-A (0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, 2.0 %, 2.5 %, and 3.0 %) were added to a commercial fish dietand were fed twice daily at 2-6 % of body weight. The highest weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily gain (ADG) were obtained in fish fed the diet containing 2.5 % G-A followed by 3.0 % inclusion (P<0.05). The highest feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) were also recorded in the 2.5 % G-A inclusion (P<0.05). Survival was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fish fed with 2 % and 2.5 % G-Asupplement (P<0.05). Although higher Hb, haematocrit, RBC, WBC, MCH, MCHC, MCV, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were observed at all  G-A supplemented diets, the differences among themwerenot significant (P>0.05). On the other hand,significantly higher differencee (P<0.05) in lysozyme and immunoglobulin (IgM) concentrations wereobserved in 2.5% G-A inclusion. The results of this study indicated that 2.5 % G-A inclusionhad a better performance on growth and haematoimmunological parameters in rainbow trout fingerling.

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Factors affecting the spatial variations of water quality of the Mazandaran coastal ecosystem was determined in summer 2012. For this purpose, water quality parameters (nutrients, temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll α and turbidity) were evaluated along 4 transects (Amirabad, Babolsar, Noshahr and Ramsar) in the depths of 5, 10, 20 and 50m, using multivariate analysis methods.  Based on the cluster analysis of data, the sampling sites could be classified into 5 distinct groups, including 35-50m water layer of station 50m in all transects, 0-5m layer in station 5m in all transects, Ramsar transect and the majority of surface and bottom layers of 3 transects including Noshahr, Babolsar and Amirabad. Based on discriminant analysis, 86.40% of the sampling sites were correctly classified. Factor analysis explained 87.53% of the total variance, the five principal components of which (viz. temperature, turbidity, nitrate, silica and ammonium) were considered as the most effective parameters on the spatial variation of water quality. This study suggests that the number of sampling locations can be reduced to two transects. Thermocline, transport of nutrients (specially phosphorus and ammonium) from rivers, sea floor, cage culture and the ctenophore, M. leidyi, were the most effective sources on spatial variations of water quality. Moreover, the multivariate statistical methods were found to be useful tools to recognize the spatial variations pattern along the Mazandaran coasts in summer.

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One of the new issues in the field of Qur'anic research is the translation of the Qur'an. This movement, with its many strengths, also has weaknesses. One of these weaknesses is equivalence of Quranic words, among which one can refer to the word of " Zann: suspicion" as one of the most used and challenging words in the Qur'an. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of achieving or inventing the correct viewpoint in the semantics of the word of "Zann" and providing a method in the historical conceptualization of vocabulary to collect, analyze and evaluate the views of the native speakers and commentators. Finally, by evaluating the contemporary and famous Persian translations of the Quran (Ayati, Reza'i, Safavi, Fuladvand, Mojtabavi, Meshkini, Ma'azi, Mesbahzadeh and Makarem Shirazi), their weaknesses and strengths in translation have been evaluated.

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Background: Foodborne diseases caused by Salmonella are considered as a global health concern, especially in low-income countries. Rapid and specific detection of this infective agent is highly important in the outbreak control. The current study aimed to design and optimize a LAMP method and to compare its sensitivity and efficiency with the PCR method in the detection of S. typhi in food.
Materials & Methods: Food samples including mayonnaise and vegetable salad were inoculated with S. enterica serovar Typhi. Sensitivity and detection limit of LAMP test were investigated at different concentrations of contaminated mayonnaise and vegetable salad. invA gene was chosen as the target gene for bacterial detection by PCR and LAMP tests.
Findings: The detection limit of Samonella was estimated to be 16 CFU/mL using LAMP and PCR. LAMP reaction revealed a visible turbidity, indicating the accurate amplification of the selected target gene and proper identification of Salmonella at different dilutions of the studied food samples.
Conclusion: The present study indicated that LAMP is a rapid, cost-effective, and specific technique for the identification of Salmonella. This method could be used in laboratories with minimal equipment without the need for costly molecular detection methods.

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Aims: Being important both economically and in terms of protection, Luciobarbus capito is at risk of extinction. There are very few studies about the fish of Shahid Rajaee dam and the Tajan River. A significant number of Luciobarbus capitos is present in the dam and upstream. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the growth characteristics and nutritional strategies of Luciobarbus capito in reservoir behind the Shahid Rajaee dam, Sari.
Materials & Methods: The present experimental study was carried out on 180 Luciobarbus capitos in Shahid Rajaee dam, Sari during 4 seasons of 2014 to 2015. The samples were fixed in formalin 10% and the biological and nutritional factors related to growth were investigated. The data were analyzed with SYSTAT 9 and Excel 2003 software.
Findings: The sex ratio of males to females was 1.14/1. The growth pattern of this allometric species was negative (w=0.015×L2.888; b=2.888). In males, allometric was positive and in females, allometric was negative. The mean length and weight of male and female had a significant difference (p<0.05), and the relationship between length and weight in fish was progressive. This species approaches the maximum predicted length with a growth rate of 0.1; the maximum estimated length for fish was 138.6 cm. Nutritional behavior index for under 4 years group showed a herbal diet (RLG=2.4±0.1) and, after puberty, it was inclining to a whole foods diet (RLG=1.2±0.6).
Conclusion: The allometric growth pattern is a negative for Luciobarbus capito, and in all seasons, it has a whole foods diet. 
 

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During recent decades, Persian complex predicates have been described by many grammarians and linguists with different approaches to their syntax, morphology, and, in less extent, to their semantics. Despite the extensive literature about the subject, cognitive semantic analysis of these predicates has not yet been the matter of analysis. This paper aims at examining the polysemous feature of the light verb zadan based on cognitive lexical semantics. It seeks to show that this feature of the light verb zadan based on the meanings of its corresponding heavy verb is a systematic phenomenon and cognitive concepts such as categorization, radial category, image schemas and conceptual metaphor play a major role in the formation of different meanings of this linguistic element in the form of a radial category. As well, the meaning of light verb is a determining factor in collocation between light verb and preverbal elements in light verb constructions.

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There is still controversy over the organization of the two languages in a single brain and the degree of similarities and differences in linguistic processing across the two languages in a bilingual brain. In the present study, the researchers aimed at comparing L1 and L2 lexical richness and speech fluency in aphasic bilinguals. Fifteen right-handed Bilingual (Azari: L1 – Persian: L2) female patients within the age range of 30 and 70 years who were diagnosed with a specific type of aphasia due to cerebrovascular accident and head trauma were selected for the study. Neurolinguistic assessments of the patients were done once at the time of onset of aphasia and also three weeks after the onset of aphasia with the use of Azari and Persian versions of the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT). The extent of damage to lexical systems and speech fluency in both L1 and L2 at the mentioned time points were compared for each individual. According to the results, different degrees of impairments and different patterns of recovery of L1 and L2 lexical system and speech fluency were observed in aphasic bilinguals. Indeed, most of the patients improved in the measured categories three weeks after the onset of aphasia. However, the difference was not statistically significant between L1 and L2 lexical richness and speech fluency in aphasic bilinguals (p>0.05). The results of the present study are probably in favor of the notion which advocates that bilinguals have differentiated linguistic systems. However, further larger studies are suggested.
 

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The Quranic word “ʽilm” (knowledge) is one of the central concepts in the language of the Quran and the center of semantic field of knowledge. Because of this, understanding its historical formation is important not only for semantic approach to Quranic lexicology but also for anthropological approach to Quranic revelation context, and is helpful for interpretation of Quran. This paper studies various meanings of stem ʽILM in Arabic and the other Semitic languages such as Sabaic, Ethiopian, Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Ugaritic, Akkadian; then whith dating these meanings and searching the possible semantic relations, explores the relations between meaning (know) and the other meanings. By this research, it becomes clear that firstly the meaning “conceal” that has a strong presence in the central north branch of Semitic languages is in opposition with the meaning “indicate” that is seen in south branches; And so, this Opposing pair is as old as ancient Semitic language; Secondly the meanings “sign” and “knowledge” have a powerful relation regarding sub branches like “indicate” in one hand And “take notice”,” teach” from the other; And because the meaning “sign” is older, the meaning “knowledge” is derived from it. Thirdly Occurrence of meanings like “write”, “seal” and “signature” in the south Peripheral branch; “scratch” in Akkadian; “see” and “look” in Afro-asiatic and also the kind of referents of the concept of “sign” in the Arabic Make the concept of sign in the Semitic-Arabic space far from auditory signs and near to visual signs. And so, we should conclude that the meaning “Ilm” (knowledge) is derived from the meaning “visual signs”.
 
 
 

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 There  are Israelites and the constructions   made  by  People of the Book in some historical sources and narrative  interpretations of    some Quranic   verses , and the reader becomes   doubtful  by referring to the interpretations from non-Islamic sources  that adapted   and   borrowed   the stories of the prophets  and  quoted  the instauration  of the people of the Book, as well as the translations taken from those interpretations , thus   he /she  reminds  the  concept inconsistent  with  the prophets’  chastity . Addition to maintaining grammatical and rhetorical structures and similarity of the effect of the source and target text,  correct interpretation  and  translation of these verses from the source language to the target language and correct conveyance  of their contents require   a translator  and  commentator   to  have  special  skill  and   be  proficient in  the correct theological principles and feedback of  these basics in the target language so that  they  do not   cause  the  reader  to  thin of  lack of  chastity  of the prophets. This  study, with  analytic- descriptive  method  and   critique  and  selection of   literally , semantic ,  interpretive  and  free  translating  methods, has  aimed  to     investigate  and  criticize  the  translation of verses 31 to 33 of Sad chapter. Results from the study   showed that the interpretations from the constructions made by People of the Book are inconsistent with certain rational and narrative principles and literary arguments. Therefore, an interpretation and translation of these verses are accepted when they are based on the strongest literary arguments and include well-grounded theological reasons such as chastity..
 

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Componential Analysis of Words is a branch of semantics in which all words of a text are analyzed to their roots and semantics components in order to rearrange them to achieve a semantic whole at the level of the word. Any attempt in this theoretical framework to reconstruct them in target language would result in a precise and cogent translation of the source language. Thus , the present study by adopting a descriptive –analytic and critical research methodology aims at analyzing semantic components of Sūrat al-Baqarah’s verbs whose eleven well –known contemporary translations including Ayati, Arfa’ , Elahi Ghomshei, Searaj, Safarzadeh , Fouladvand, kavianpour, Garmaroudi, Mojtabavi, Meshkini and Makarem shirazi’s translation have been the focus of several challenges. The results of this research showed that the translators have ignored the componential analysis of words at the level of the verb and have just considered the primary and basic meaning of each word. In addition, the translation of Meshkini, Elahi Ghomshei and Mojtabavi is more accurate and reliable than for instance that of Arfa’.

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Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the spatial patterns of water quality and its controlling factors in the Mazandaran coastal ecosystem during winter using the multivariate analysis methods.
Materials and methods: Water quality parameters such as nutrients, temperature, conductivity, salinity, DO, pH, chlorophyll-a and turbidity were measured monthly in 16 stations (44 layers) along 4 transects (Amirabad, Babolsar, Noushahr and Ramsar). To evaluate the data, several multivariate statistical methods were used including discriminant function analysis, cluster and factor analysis as well as correlation test.
Findings: Results of cluster analysis showed that the sampling sites (44 layers) were classified into 4 groups. Based on discriminant analysis, 93.20% of the sampling sites correctly classified. Factor analysis extracted 4 principal components that explained 74.05% of the total variance. Based on these analyses, organic phosphorus, organic nitrogen, turbidity, chlorophyll-a and temperature were the most effective parameters on the spatial variation of water quality.
Conclusion: This study suggested that the number of sampling locations could be reduced to 3 transects including Amirabad, Babolsar and west coasts (Noushahr and Ramsar) and 2 stations (one surface layer and one deep layer). Transport of nutrients from land, sea floor and fish cage culture were the most effective factors on spatial patterns of water quality in Mazandaran coasts. Based on the results, multivariate statistical methods are also introduced as one of the useful methods for identifying the spatial pattern of water quality.

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The verse of Imamah (Al-Ahzab / 33.33) is one of the most important Quranic reasons concerning the virtue and infallibility of Ahl-al Bayt. Ahl-al Bayt scholars and Sunnis have discussed this verse in various aspects throughout history. One aspect that has not been addressed is the interrelation of Tathir's verse with other verses of the Imamah, wilayah and Ahl-al Bayt virtues. This essay seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method and to respond to the rules of intertextual relations in order to analyze the intertextual relationship between this verse and the most important verses of the imamah, wilayah and the virtues of Ahl-al Bayt. After analyzing and evaluating the intertextual relationships of the Tathir verse with the other verses, we concluded that this verse, which implies the infallibility of Ahl-al Bayt, has been hidden in other verses of the Imamah, wilayah and the virtues of Ahl-al Bayt which is the inseparable part of the concept of these verses. In accordance with the rules of intertextual relations, these relations are as follow: either this verse expresses the other peculiarities of the other verses - or are the basis of another verse, and its relation which is causative and necessary. Everything else expresses the meaning of the verse of Tathir among the verses of the Imamah, wilayah, and the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt, that are in some way the underlying basis of the other verses.

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This paper aims to examine and explain, from a Generative Lexicon (Pustejovsky 1995) viewpoint, the alternation and substitution of light verbs (LVs) in Persian complex predicates (also referred to as light verb constructions). To this aim, the hypothesis we are going to test is that semantic features including meaning commonality, distinct aspectual features (LVs’ aktionsarts), difference in argument structure, etc. are some of factors involved in LV alternation with a particular PV. A thorough examination of various kinds of alternation and substitution of LVs combined with the same pre-verbal element (PV) suggests that the information encoded in different lexical-semantic structures (Argument structure, Event structure and Qualia structure) of PVs and LVs, including arguments encoded in a-structure of predicative PVs, as well as aspectual features, such as initiatory vs. transitory or spontaneous vs. durative aspect, of light verbs make it (im)possible to substitute different light verbs occurring with a particular PV. Information represented in lexico semantic structure of linguistic items, especially Qualia structure which includes limited but necessary information for explaining lecical semantic relations between two LVC components serves to account for alternation ant substitution of LVs in complex predicate structures based on the concepts of Generative Lexicon theory.
The research method is descriptive-analytic and the data under study consist of Persian complex predicates (gathered and cited from Anvari 2002) consisting a nominal PV and each of the light verbs kardan (‘do, make’), zadan (‘hit’), kešidan (‘pull, drag’) and dâdan (‘give’).

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Jarr, as a preposition, is significant among the other particles since it functions as a connector between the verb and noun in a given sentence; thus, the mere connection between the verb and the noun as well as its type depend on the precise definition of Jarr. Early grammarians took Jarr as a connector between the verb and the noun, but the recent ones, routinely, define it as words that modify the noun following it. This difference in definition has brought many debates regarding the number of Jarrs and their semantic analysis. This study aims to investigate different definitions of Jarr suggested by grammarians through a descriptive-analytic method to answer the following questions:
1. What are the labels and etymology of each Jarr?
2. Which definition matches more with the function of Jarr in Arabic?
3. What is the categorization of Jarr based on the agreed-upon definition?
4. How many Jarrs are there in Arabic and how many of those are used in the Quran?
The study aims to find a precise definition of Jarr to be matched with its functions in Arabic, particularly Quran, so that it could be taken as a scientific criterion to evaluate grammarians' ideas on definition, number, categorization, and function of Jarr.
The findings of the study suggest that:
1. The comprehensive definition of Jarr which is structurally and semantically matched with the general Arabic texts, particularly Quran and the Imams' narratives, is the one suggested by the early grammarians. Therefore, Jarr means to connect, convey, or make transition in the meaning of the verb and some words (e.g. derivatives, nouns derived from verbs, and noun clauses) to nouns, and nous to verbs. Based on this definition, Jarr, addition, and connection (Ibn Ghayim's expressions) have overlap, and Khafdh functions as the e'raab for these prepositions.
2. Based on the definition, Jarr should have at least two features. Firstly, it should connect the verb prior and the noun after it. Secondly, following the noun after it, it modifies the verb coming before. In other words, it belongs to the verb coming before. So, each preposition which does not have these two features cannot be taken as Jarr. Moreover, as the prepositions are not independent, and Jarr and Majroor belong to the verb coming prior, it is imperative to analyze the modifier and modified altogether to understand the meaning of Jarr and Majroor, meaning that the mere analysis of the preposition is not enough.
3. Khafdh is a noun to "Matta, Ki, La'al, Shaz". The use of Lola for the target pronoun and the connected Majroor makes the clause influent and reduced. So, even if it is a preposition, it cannot be included in the Jarr prepositions. "Hasha, Ada, Khala, Rab, Manz, and Maz" are nouns, too.
4. The Jarr prepositions, therefore, are "b, t, l, w, an, fi, men, ela, hatta, ala'a" all found in the Quran.
5. As Jarr prepositions need to be belonged and they function as means of transition for verbs, assuming them to be redundant is paradoxical and meaningless
 
 

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In the holy Quran, several words have been used for the meaning of perception and knowledge. The verb "šaʕara" as one of the words in Persian translations more often is equated with words ‘know’ and ‘understand’; but its more detailed component is the issue of this essay that is devoted to two sections of etymological and contextual study. Etymology based on the methods of historical linguistics and sources of Semitic languages, a comprehensive contextual study of all applications alongside each other, content analysis of verses and use of the anthropological achievements in discourse analysis of Quranic verses are the methods used in this article. Etymological evidences suggest that this word dates back to the ancient Semitic language and is made up of the hypothetical root of the "šʕr" (to divide, break open) in the same language and this root is also derived from the Afro-Asian root (ĉaʕ), meaning "cut" but in the Pre-Islamic Arabic discourse it is influenced by the word šiʕr (poetry) by semantic contamination. Negative application, no application in descriptive phrases, devotion to the perception of hidden affairs are the functional features of the term šaʕara that make the definition of the Qur'anic meaning of šaʕara as a "non-process perception" justifiable. Non-process perception entails an increase in the role of imagination and reducing the role of time-consuming rational processes.

1. Introduction
In the Holy Qur'an, many words are used for the meaning of understanding and knowledge, "ʕalima", "šaʕara", "ʕaqala", "faqiha", "daraya", "ʕarafa" are verbs that specifically indicate the meaning of "understanding". In the translation of these words, words such as "understand, know, percept, feel, recognize" are equated, which are covered under the general title of perception and cognition, but what are the more detailed components and characteristics of each of these words, is the place of questioning and each of them requires a separate research, so the purpose of this paper is exclusively to research about the root of "šaʕara".
In the end, it is expected that this article can open a way to clarify the topics related to cognition and knowledge in the Holy Qur'an, topics that, in addition to being important for the intrinsic value of understanding the Holy Qur'an, also have double importance in some ways, and that is the ever-increasing effort about the question of "cognition" in the current era. In recent decades, a branch of science under the title of "cognitive interdisciplinary studies" has also emerged, which brings together the different fields of human knowledge around the issue of "cognition" and tries to solve the problems of this issue through the synergy of different fields of knowledge (Afrashi, 2015, p. 22).

1.2. Research Questions:
The two questions of this research are:
1. What is the meaning of the root of "šʕr" and the relationship between the different meanings derived from the three-letter root of "šʕr" based on historical linguistic methods and Semitic language sources?
2. What is the meaning of "šaʕara" in Quranic applications according to the context of the verses and the analysis of the content of the verses and using anthropological achievements in the discursive analysis of the verses of the Quran?
2. Literature Review
There are some efforts have been made in the Arabic dictionary and Quran commentary sources to clarify the meaning of this root. These efforts can be divided into two parts: a) etymology, which examines the relationship between different meanings derived from the three-letter root of the "šʕr"; and b) examining the meaning of "šaʕara" in the Qur'anic usage, which has been done according to the context of the verses and specifically the object of the verb "šaʕara". In the continuation of the article, this background will be quoted, examined, and criticized in detail. In today's studies, there is no background for this research, although it can be considered as a similar background to the research organized about words related to the semantic field of perception and knowledge, such as:

1. Barooti, M., Akbarian, R., & Saidimehr, M. (2018). Tabatabaie on semantics of divine attributes. Contemporary Wisdom, 9(2), 23-45. doi: 10.30465/cw.2018.3448
2. Hajikhani A, Roohi K, Dehqan A. “Etymology of “Ilm” (knowledge) as a Quranic word in the Semitic languages”. LRR, 7(5), 27-47; URL: http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-6733-fa.html
3. Dehqan, A., Roohi, K., Pakatchi, A., & Parvini, K. (2018). Research on Components of Universal Concept of Wisdom in its Quranic Concept. Ketab-E-Qayyem, 8(18), 7-30.
4. Tayyeb Hosseini, S. M., & Sharifinasab, H. (2015). Semantic analysis of "Poetry" and "Poet" in the Quran. Journal of Quranic Theological Exegesis, 2(4), 595-618.
5. Falahpour, M. (2013). The semantics of science in the Holy Quran and human schools. Scientific Journal of Islamic Education, 21(20).

However, in this article, an attempt is made to pursue these efforts with a more scientific approach and with a more comprehensive view, and to obtain a comprehensive meaning for the word "šaʕara" (understand) and its semantic differences with other words in the field of perception.
Therefore, the current research is organized in two directions: 1) the etymology of the word "šaʕara" based on historical linguistic methods and Semitic language sources, and 2) the study of the context of the word "šaʕara" in the Qur'an, with a comprehensive look at all the uses together, analyzing the content of the verses and usage among the anthropological achievements in discursive analysis of Quranic verses.

3. Methodology
The main research approach is linguistics (specifically lexical semantics), which is possible regarding Quranic words in two ways: diachronic and historical research (etymology) and synchronic research of word usages (in the context of Quranic verses). In this article, to provide a comprehensive and reassuring judgment about the meaning of the word, both historical and synchronic paths have been followed.
However, the innovation of this paper compared to the interpretive-lexical tradition is: 1. in the etymology section, relying on historical linguistics methods and Semitic language sources, and 2. in the context study section, a comprehensive look at all the uses of the word in the Qur'an, and an attempt to categorize them based on the common and different connotations of the word and finally a discursive analysis of the content of the verses, using anthropological achievements.

4. Results
The achievement of the present research in the field of two research questions can be expressed as follows:

1. In terms of etymology, the word "šaʕara" (to perceive) is not very clear. The most probable analysis is that this word dates back to the ancient Semitic language, although there is little evidence of its presence in non-Arabic Semitic languages, and the Semitic word "šaʕara" (to know) is also from the supposed root "šaʕara" (to divide, ‎break ‎open) in the same language and that also is derived from the Afro-Asiatic root (ĉaʕ) meaning "to cut". In the pre-Islamic period, this word was influenced by the word "šiʕr"(poem) in the discursive atmosphere of the Arabs (by semantic contamination) and assigned to a special type of perception and knowledge, the characteristics of which can be seen in the Qur'anic usages.

2. "šaʕara" in the Qur'an indicates a valuable and special perception that is used to understand secret and unseen things. In terms of defining the Qur'anic meaning of "šaʕara" (beyond the practical features), it seems that the view of the commentators and linguists who defined "šaʕara" as understanding the result of sense (material sense) is more compatible with the Qur'anic usage, but a more accurate interpretation is the definition of the Qur'anic meaning of "šaʕara" as "non-process perception". The non-processual nature of perception requires increasing the role of imagination and reducing the role of time-consuming processes of intellectual and verbal assessment.