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The stability of recombinant proteins has become an increasingly important as more protein therapeutics are developed.In this study, the stability of recombinant human interferon gamma was investigated under storage condition for 0-9 months after production time at 4 and 25℃. The evaluation of biological activity, covalent dimerization, deamidation and oxidation of protein was done by cell culture, HPLC and SDS- PAGE. The results showed represents that antiviral activity was not decreased at 4℃ but decreased as temperature increased to 25℃. The inormation rate of deamidated and oxidized forms and covalent dimers at 25℃ was more rapid than 4℃. Therefore, rhIFN-γ has high stability at 4℃ comparing to 25℃.

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Abstract
Research subject: In recent years, many efforts have been made to improve the performance of polymer membranes in oxygen-nitrogen separation due to the high cost and energy consumption of cryogenic distillation and adsorption methods. Increasing the performance of these types of membranes is still needed for industrial applications.
Research approach: In this research, novel magnetic mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared using polysulfone (PSf) as the main matrix, and also neodymium (Nd) as the magnetic particles for O₂/N₂ separation. To avoid the particle sedimentation and proper dispersion of particles across the membrane thickness, magnetic particle dispersion in the PSf was controlled by applying an external magnetic field (MF). The effect of Nd magnetic particle content on the microstructure, magnetic properties and thermal stability of the prepared MMMs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermo-gravimetric analysis. In this reseach, a novel magnetic module was designed and constructed to investigate the performance of prepared membranes in the presence of various MFs.
Main Results: The obtained results indicated that the permeability of O₂ and N₂ gases was improved by adding Nd magnetic particles into PSf matrix regardless of the amount of MF due to the chain packing of polymers disruption and free volume enhancement. The permeability of O₂ and N₂ in the MMMs containing 5 wt.% Nd in the absence of MF was about 182 % and 443%, respectively, higher than those of neat PSf membranes. Furthermore, the permeability and selectivity of PSf and PSf-Nd membranes were considerably improved by applying the MF during the permeation experiments. In the MMMs containing 5 wt.% Nd, O2/N2 selectivity was increased from 2.73 to 3.77 upon an increase in the intensity of MF from 0 to 570 mT. Considering the findings, the application of Nd particles and MF during the membrane preparation and separation processes can be facile methods for enhancement of membrane performance.
 
Keywords: Oxygen/nitrogen separation; Polysulfone; Neodymium; Magnetic mixed-matrix membranes; Magnetic separation module
 

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In recent years, air separation using membranes has received much attention as a cost-effective technology for producing relatively pure streams of nitrogen and oxygen. The results of studies show that the design and fabrication of new polymers with the desired structure for the industrialization of polymer membrane technology in the field of oxygen separation from nitrogen is considered very important. The results obtained from various research works show that polymer membranes made on the basis of aromatic polyimides and PIMs due to high selectivity, suitable mechanical, thermal and chemical properties and also benefiting from different structures due to polymer substitutions are a suitable option for separation of oxygen and nitrogen. Moreover, the membrane modification process can greatly increase the mechanical, chemical and selectivity of the membranes and be an effective way to improve the separation of oxygen from nitrogen. The results indicate that the fabrication of blended membranes has increased the selectivity and permeability of the membranes, and the creation of transverse connections in most cases has increased the selectivity of the membranes. Meanwhile, carbon molecular sieve membranes that are made by thermal decomposition of the polymeric raw material under controlled temperature and pressure conditions due to their properties such as high selectivity and permeability, stability in corrosive environments and applicability at high temperatures are suitable options for separation of oxygen and nitrogen. Also, carefully in the results obtained from various research works, it can be seen that the use of driving force and magnetic particles in the polymer simultaneously improves the permeability and selectivity of membranes. As it is predicted, this method is one of the efficient methods in improving the performance of polymer membranes in the field of oxygen and nitrogen separation.

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Research subject: Polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene alloy is one of the most widely used polymer alloys in the world, which has become very widespread due to the excellent properties and characteristics of these alloys as well as other advantages. However, it seems that strengthening the properties and efficiency of these alloys can increase their scope of application. Typically, polymers have a high resistance to the passage of electricity. In recent years, increasing the electrical conductivity or reducing the electrical resistance of polymers by using conductive nanoparticles has received much attention.
Research approach: For this purpose, first, alloys of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene were prepared by melt mixing method and were tested and evaluated in terms of physical and mechanical properties, thermal properties and behavior of the melt. Next, by adding nanographene to the best alloy, the electrical, mechanical and morphological properties of nanocomposites were investigated. In order to increase the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites, different amounts of nanographene (1, 2 and 3%) were used.
Main results: By increasing the amount of polycarbonate, tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and HDT of the alloys increased. The results showed that the alloy with 68% polycarbonate generally has better properties than other alloys, so this alloy was considered as the polymer base of nanocomposites. The results of the mechanical test show an increase in the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the samples with an increase in the percentage of nanoparticles. Also, the examination of the electrical resistance of nanocomposites showed that in all samples, nanographene has been able to reduce the electrical resistance of the polymer to a very significant extent. By examining the mechanical and electrical properties of the samples, it was determined that the Percolation threshold of nanoparticles is equal to 2%. The FE-SEM images of the nanocomposites showed that the graphene nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polymer matrix and no traces of clumps or clusters resulting from the accumulation of nanoparticles were observed.
 

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Aim Molecular phylogenetic relationship and morphological characteristics of the reef margin blenny, Entomacrodus striatus was undertaken in order to clarify its taxonomic status in the Iranian coasts of the Gulf of Oman. Entomacrodus striatus is distributed in the Indo-Pacific realm.
Materials and Methods This study is based on four samples taken from Chabahar in the northern Gulf of Oman, during February 2019. The mt-DNA marker (COI) of one E. striatus from the present study and 15 Entomacrodus species was used for reverification over traditional morpho-taxonomy.
Findings Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) approaches result in five clades including, clade A (Entomacrodus corneliae, E. chiostictus, E. nigricans, E. sealei, E. cymatobiotus, E. caudofasciatus), clade B (E. striatus, E. niuafoouensis, E. epalzeocheilos, E. randalli), clade C (E. macrospilus, E. thalassinus), clade D (E. vermiculatus, E. decussatus), and clade E (E. stellifer). The morphological characters of the examined materials were in the range of its original description, except in having a pair of pores in one position of the preopercular series of sensory pores, which may be hypothesized a population variation associated with geographical distribution. The sexual dimorphism is distinguishable especially in color pattern of specimens which the blotches and bands on the male bodies are more bolded than the female ones. 
Conclusion The inferred ML and BI trees resulted a homological clustering of taxa that are grouped according to their morphological characteristics and were agree with molecular reconstructions based on nuclear markers.

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Objective: The environmental exposure to Magnetic Fields (MFs) may interact with biological systems. MFs are generated from various sources such as power lines, electric appliances at homes and offices, electrified transportation systems including urban railway systems and diagnostic devices such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). There are some scientific evidences that imply the exposure to MFs are hazardous to our health and increases the rate of some cancers like leukemia. The biological consequences of exposure to MFs have been investigated from a variety of endpoints. However, most studies have been performed in vitro and have examined effects on cellular processes and its malfunction; such studies can be used as evidence of effects in vivo. Materials and Methods: In this study Bone Marrow Stem Cells were grown in the absence and in the presence of a 15 mT Static Magnetic Field for 5 hours in order to determine any changes in cell cycle progression using the count of cells in different phases. The count of cells in a special phase of cell cycle indicates the length of that phase. The Static Magnetic Field was performed using a locally designed MF generator. Results: A significant increase in the number of cells in G0/G1 was observed in comparison with the controls. Also the number of cells in G0/G1 in the cells treated with Hydrogen-Peroxide, as an oxidative agent, was significantly increased in Static MF. Conclusion: Genetic material damages or mal-function of related proteins may cause these halts. Mfs have not enough energy to affect the biological molecules directly but the mechanism of free radical mediators is probable. These kinds of damages (direct or indirect) can permanently bring the cell cycle to a halt.

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Fungi are the most important agents of biodeterioration in museums, libraries, and repositories. The objectives of the paper were to evaluate the microbial diversity in biodeteriorated manuscripts located in a repository of the central library of Astan Quds Razavi (AQR) and to estimate the fungal occurrence of the repository air. The sterile cotton swabs and nitrocellulose membranes were used for sampling the manuscripts, while the sedimentation method was used for the microbial sampling of air. To evaluate the biodeteriorative impacts of fungi, fungal spore’s suspension inoculated on paper strips. Fourteen and six fungal isolates were collected from the three different deteriorated substrates and the repository air samples, respectively. Among the fungi isolates, Aspergillus sp. was isolated in high frequency (36%), followed by Penicillium sp. (21/5%) and Altelnania sp. (14%). Fungi species including P. chrysogenum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Talaromyces diversus, and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from B1 sample as a parchment. The most fungal isolates (53%) in the air repository including Purpureocillium lilacinum, Talaromyces diversus, Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp were achieved from MEA medium. The low number of isolated fungi from repository air can be attributed to the efficiently controlled environment factors of AQR repository. The combination of finding provides some support for the conceptual premise that it could be a direct relationship between the isolated microorganisms from air and those isolated from the manuscripts. The presence of color spots on paper strips can approve the biodeterioration of paper via fungal activities.

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The aim of this study is to investigate analytical and experimental energy absorbing capacity for a hat shape structure with three different boundary conditions. Four layered unidirectional (UD) E-glass fiber /polyester resin was used to construct hat shape beam energy absorber. The length of the composite hat shape was 1m and the thickness was 3mm. Result shows good coloration between experimental energy absorption and the values obtained from the model. The best coloration between experimental and the model is related to [75,0,0,-75] fiber stacking configuration with 0.23% accuracy in clamp-free boundary condition, and the worst coloration between experimental and the model is related to [30,60,-30,-60] fiber stacking configuration with 19.88% accuracy in clamp-free boundary condition.

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Interaction of menthol with polyethylene terephthalate bottles during storage time was tested at three different temperatures. Menthol is a mint flavor agent added to yogurt drinks in Iran and is considered as a factor affecting consumer acceptance. Absorption of menthol to packaging material could cause a loss of quality in the final product due to diminished flavor intensity. Tests were done on the effects of environmental conditions (storage for three months at temperatures of 4, 25, and 45°C) on flavor stability of yogurt drink samples. Absorbed flavor was extracted from PET bottles after the specified time periods and quantified using gas chromatography coupled with FID detector. Then, the diffusion coefficient of menthol into PET bottles (D_p) was determined using concentrations of absorbed menthol. Results showed different absorption levels under various conditions. After 90 days, the absorption quantities at 4, 25, and 45°C were 38.21, 186.66 and 700.50 ng g^-1 of PET bottle, respectively. It was concluded that amounts of menthol absorption into PET bottles increased with storage time and higher temperature. Elevation of storage temperature resulted in significant increase in diffusion coefficient of menthol in PET bottle.

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In this paper, one-dimensional numerical optimization of lead-acid battery with finite-volume method is performed using the governing equations of battery dynamics. For validation, the present results are compared with previous studies which show good agreement. The demand for batteries with high energy and power has increased due to their use in hybrid vehicles.The major shortcoming of lead-acid batteries in industry is low energy and high weight; therefore, a cell with higher energy and lower thickness is designed by using particle swarm optimization based on developed simulation code which is less time consuming and much faster than experimental method. The results of optimization show that an optimal battery that has 85 percent higher energy can be made with the same cell length. The results also show that an optimum cell battery can be obtained with a decrease of 25 percent in weight and 23 percent in dimensions while keeping the energy content constant.

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A new method is proposed for implementing the no-slip/no-penetration conditions on the irregular immersed boundaries in the vorticity-streamfunction formulation of the incompressible viscous fluid flow. Time integration is performed using a semi-implicit method such that in each time step the vorticity-streamfunction equations are changed to a Helmholtz and a Poisson’s equation. Some singular source terms are added to the right hand sides of these equations, in the solid region, such that the desired boundary conditions can be satisfied. The singular source terms are found, using the inverse problems method, such that the desired boundary conditions of the vorticity-streamfunction equations be satisfied. Since the fast Poisson’s solvers are used, the method is high performance, with the computational effort of O(NlogN); and it is also flexible because it can be applied easily to the complex geometries. The method is applied in simulation of the fluid flow around a square solid obstacle, placed in a channel, and the agreement of the results with the other benchmark results are shown.

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In this paper, a commercial metal-oxide gas sensor was first placed under temperature modulation regime and simultaneously their transient response to various concentrations of ethanol vapors was recorded. By applying the temperature modulation, the sensor surface temperature was also recorded by a S-type thermocouple. Then, the performance of these sensors was expressed based on the both air oxygen absorption model and ethanol absorption on the surface of the sensitive layer using the Freundlich isotherm equation. Further, this model is simulated using the MATLAB software in the simulink environment. Using this model, one can see the sensor's dynamic response to ethanol. In this model, the concentration of a gas is considered as a voltage. This parameter, along with the temperature profile of the sensor surface under temperature modulation and sensor conductance under the influence of air oxygen, are considered as inputs of the model and transient response of the sensor as output of the model. The parameters of this model are calculated based on the approximate criterion of simulated responses and the responses recorded for each concentration of ethanol gas. The simulation results based on the average simulated parameters also showed that the simulated responses were close to the actual recorded responses.

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The aim of this study was to produce a suitable cake with reduced fat with the help of apple pomace fiber as a fat substitute. After preparing fiber from apple pomace by water extraction method, first some properties of this fiber were evaluated. Due to the low amount of fat and energy and the amount of crude fiber, the extracted apple fiber was able to replace carbohydrate-based fat for flour products. In this study, optimization of the cake production process by three factors, including apple fiber with a ratio of (0.5, 10%) and oil (16.38, 15.47, 14.57%) with a shelf life of 0, 15 and 30 days. Response method was performed. The result showed that with increasing the amount of fiber moisture, fat, firmness and adhesion, the springiness of the cakes increased and the volume decreased. With increasing shelf life, moisture, fat, aw increased and the firmness and stickiness of cake spring decreased.  The results of this study show that the cake containing 5.163% fiber and 14.9% oil in 8 days was the best sample. The results showed that the use of apple pomace in the cake reduced the fat content by 9.3% compared to the control sample. According to the optimization results, the optimum sample moisture content is 22.847%, water activity 0.850%, fat 15.018%, specific gravity 82.737 cm3/g, hardness 10809 (N), spring content 0.747 cm and the amount of adhesion was determined to be 0.392.

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 Oxidation of fats and oils leads to the production of harmful substances that endanger the health of the consumer. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of mountain watermelon fruit extract was investigated. Extraction was performed by ultrasonic extraction with the help of solvent (ethanol). In this study, the extraction process was performed by ultrasound technology with 3 levels of 20 tests, by the response level method. The results of statistical analysis were reported in optimal conditions, time of 18.62 minutes, sound intensity of 84.56 khz and temperature of 49.52 ° C and extraction efficiency of 34.456 8456%. Under these optimal conditions, the amount of phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging power of the extracts at concentrations (100, 200, 200, 400, 800 ppm) were measured by Folin and DPPH tests, and then the extract was concentrated at concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, 800 ppm). Samples of soybean oil without added antioxidants and parameters of peroxide index, thiobarbiotic acid index (TBA) were compared with samples of soybean oil containing 200 ppm synthetic antioxidants (BHT) and control sample. The results showed that with increasing the concentration of mountain watermelon extract in soybean oil from 800 to 100 ppm, the index of peroxide, thiobarbiotic acid index (TBA) decreases and the concentration of 800 ppm of the extract due to higher levels of antioxidant compounds is more effective in inhibiting free radicals.
 

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Free radicals and reactive oxygen species and their effects on biological systems have caused many problems in recent years. Antioxidants are able to protect biological systems against these factors and play an effective role in human health. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds and the extent of free radical scavenging activity by ultrasound. Finally, the optimal sample of chestnut fruit extract was selected and this sample was added to soybean oil along with maceration extract and synthetic antioxidant (BHT) and examined with a control sample. In this study, the extraction process by ultrasound technology with 3 factors at 3 levels including time (10, 20 and 30 minutes), ultrasound intensity (20, 60 and 100 kHz) and concentration (200, 400 and 600 ppm), Which was investigated by the optimization response surface method. The results of statistical analysis to determine the optimal state for extracting 30 minutes, ultrasound intensity 69.32 kHz and concentration of 600 ppm chestnut fruit extract were determined. Under these conditions, free radical scavenging power was 65.23% and the amount of phenolic compounds was 43.1518 mg. The results of oxidative stability of oil in control sample and maceration extraction sample and optimal sample and synthetic antioxidant (BHT) showed that the optimal sample had a greater effect in reducing the peroxide index and thiobarbituric acid than the control sample and synthetic antioxidant (BHT).

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The tasty yogurt is dairy formulation for which fruits and vegetables and various extracts are used in preparation process. In the present study, Ginger extract (Zingiber Officinale) was used in yogurt formulation in different quantities (2, 4, 6 and 8%) and inhibitory function of free radicals, phenol compounds as well as qualitative tests of product (pH, acidity, watering amount and viscosity) were evaluated after storing yogurt for 1, 10 and 20 days. The results illustrated that ginger extract caused water-soluble phenol compounds and their antioxidant function to become more than in simple yogurt during 10 days storage so that after 10 days the highest antioxidant activity belonged to yogurt including 6 and 8% of ginger extract. The lowest watering amount (water formation) was observed in yogurt including 8% ginger extract and it significantly differed from other samples (P>0.05). The pH loss increased further in yogurt with rising percentage of extract and also increasing storage period. Moreover, adding ginger extract to yogurt reduced viscosity, but there was no significant impact on acidity level of product during storage time (P<0.05).
 

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In the present paper, a new penalization method is proposed for implementation of the rigid surfaces on the Navier-Stokes equations in the vorticity-stream function formulation. In this method, a rigid body is considered as a region in the fluid flow, where the time is stopped. Therefore, by stopping the fluid particles, this region plays the role of a rigid body. In this regard, a new transformation is introduced and applied to the governing equations and a set of modified equations are obtained. Then, in the modified equations, the time dilation of the solid region is approached to infinity, while the time dilation of the fluid region remains In the article, the physical and mathematical properties of modified equations are investigated and satisfaction of the no-slip and no-penetration conditions are justified. Then, a suitable numerical algorithm is presented for solving the modified equations. In the proposed algorithm, the modified equation is time integrated via the Crank–Nicolson method, and the spatial discretization with the second-order finite differencing on a uniform Cartesian grid. The method is applied to the fluid flow around a square obstacle placed in a channel, the sudden flow perpendicular to a thin flat plate, and the flow around a circular cylinder. The results show that the no-slip and no-penetration conditions are satisfied accurately, while the flow fields are also high level of accuracy.
 

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Palm kernel is one of the major agricultural wastes and industrial uses of dates. Palm kernels in Iran are often disposed of as waste or used for animal feed. In this research, this low value material was investigated and a product with a high purity value of carboxymethylcellulose was produced from it. Palm kernels contain about 63% cellulose. Cellulose along with hemicellulose and lignin are its main constituents, which form a strong fibrous structure. In this study, cellulose was extracted from palm kernel powder by treating sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite. The extracted cellulose was converted to CMC using two processes: alkaline cellulose and ether cellulose. SEM was used to study the structure of CMC, which removed the surface impurities of the fibers and the swollen spherical shape of the fibers indicated the suitability of the method used. To identify the carboxymethyl groups substituted on cellulose, FTIR spectroscopy was used, which confirms the peaks in the wave numbers of 1425 and 1612 / cm. The optimization results showed that at a concentration of 29.799% sodium hydroxide, the weight ratio of sodium monochloroacetic acid to cellulose was 1, temprature 68 ° C and a reaction time of 158 min, the highest degree of substitution and purity and efficiency were obtained. It turns out that these highest degrees of extraction and degree of purity and efficiency are 0.97, 97.99 and 166.80%, respectively. Also, the viscosity of 3% CMC solution in water at 50 rpm was 347.93 ms.

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