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Aims: Fatalistic employees take serious risks because they have limited knowledge of risks and accidents, leading them to under estimate the possibility of their occurrence. This research examined the effectiveness of safety training on changing employees’ fatalism with attention to the mediating role of attitude toward safety issues. Methods: 204 employees was selected according to the stratified random sampling method in Isfahan Steel Company, divided randomly into control group (n=103) and experimental group (n=101) and the questionnaires of safety attitude and fatalism were applied as data collection instruments. The data was collected before intervention, and educational intervention was then executed in four 90-minute sessions over four days. One month after intervention, post-test was performed and the collected data was analyzed using descriptive indexes, t- and F-tests. Findings: Results show that there was a significant statistical difference in average numbers of attitude toward safety issues and fatalism before and after training intervention (p<0.01). Also, mediation analysis indicated attitude toward safety issues mediated the effect of safety trainings on fatalism (p>0.05). Therefore, safety training only by promoting workers’ safety attitudes can change the fatalistic beliefs among employees. Conclusion: By understanding relationship between fatalism and safety attitude, it should be possible to improve the training of employees, such that are less likely to attribute accidents to chance or fate.

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Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational procrastination and cognitive arousal and burnout.  Method: This research is descriptive–correlation and the required data are obtained by using three questionnaire about organizational procrastination, dissonance arousal reduction and burnout scales on a sample of 100 individuals in Tehran governmental employees who are randomly chosen. Results: The results of correlation coefficient show that organizational procrastination is positively and significantly associated with cognitive arousal (p ≤ 0.01, r=0.402) and burnout (p ≤ 0.01, r=0.432). However, the correlation coefficient between burn-out and cognitive arousal (p ≥ 0.05, r= 0.191) is not significant. The results of the analysis prove a direct relationship between organizational procrastination and burn-out and cognitive arousal does not play a mediation role. Finally, the model is verified. Conclusion: The organizational procrastination level has influence on burnout level among Tehran governmental employees. Hence, some interventions to reduce organizational procrastination are recommended to decrease the burn-out.   Keywords: Organizational Procrastination, Cognitive Arousal, Burnout, Tehran Governmental Employees

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Tourism is one of the most important industries in the world, enabling tourists to learn about different languages, cultures, traditions and lifestyles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of sports tourists using the SOR model. The research method is a descriptive survey in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The study's statistical population includes all mountain sports tourists of the Tochal recreational-sport complex in Tehran. The sample size was determined using PASS software, 300 people. The data collection tool was the tourism behavior Questionnaire, Supping 2012, whose validity was confirmed by ten professors of Iranian universities who studied sports tourism and consumer behavior. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability, and Cronbach's alpha value was 0.91. The results showed that the destination image impacted sports tourists' prerequisites and personal quality. The way information is also influenced by the preconditions and personal quality of sports tourists; peers also have a positive and significant effect on the preconditions and personal quality of sports tourists. Variables such as preconditions and mental quality significantly affected the behavioral response of sports tourists.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Chess Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on a 360-degree approach. The population consisted of three groups of managers, athletes and stakeholders (n = 1090). A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection that included three sections: demographic information and performance comparison of the previous period and a new period of chess federation management (including six dimensions of management and finance, evaluation, control and supervision, human resource management, championship and achievement of goal). Education, research and cultural and information technology) and factors influencing the development of this federation. Twelve experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaires, and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.88, α = 0.90). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired t-test, independent t-test and Friedman test using SPSS 22 software. Finally, the impact of four factors on the progress of this federation was calculated and ranked. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the federation has improved in every six dimensions in the new management period compared to the previous one. Regarding factors influencing progress, management and finance had the highest and information technology and athletes had the least impact on federation progress. In general conclusion, it can be said that the correct management of variables affecting chess exercise can improve the performance of this sport. 

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Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora beticola has a great negative impact on yield and quality of sugar beet. In the present study, pathogenic and genotypic variation of 24 C. beticola isolates collected from different regions of Iran were studied using RFLP of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-RFLP), and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR). Pathogenic variability and genotype × isolate interaction were evaluated in greenhouse experiments on five sugar beet cultivars (FD0018, HM1836, Puma, Eudora and Monatuna). All of the 24 isolates tested were found to be pathogenic on the cultivars with significant variation in disease severity. Results of RAPD analysis showed wide DNA polymorphism among the Iranian C. beticola isolates. Restriction pattern of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS1-5.8-ITS4) was studied using three restriction endonucleases: EcoR1, Taq1, and Busr1. The length of undigested DNA fragment of all isolates was estimated to be 500bp without rDNA polymorphism after digestion with EcoR1 (280, 270 bp), Taq1 (330 bp) and Busr1 (240, 220, 90 bp). RAPD and ITS-RFLP markers showed the highest level of genetic diversity which confirms the variation in C. beticola detection.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacillus of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Despite being part of the natural human microflora, this is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. The increased emergence of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae has limited the treatment options for this bacterium. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), by improving the stability and solubulity of drugs, could increase the effectiveness of drugs for treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) on Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens. For the strain confirmation, biochemical ,API20E kit, and additional differential tests were performed, and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. The studied strain showed a resistance to all antibiotics such as cefepime.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the antibiotic micro dilution method. The MIC was determined in five effect modes including antibiotic (Ab), nanofluid containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-CNT-NF) , nanofluid containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT-NF) ,Ab in combination with f-CNT-NF and Ab with CNT-NF. Nevertheless the individual effects of 10 µg mL^-1 cefepime or 80 µg of nanofluid with f-CNT-NF did not inhibit the growth of the bacteria, but the co-administration of 10 µg mL^-1 cefepime with 80 µg of the f-CNT-NF could inhibit the bacteria`s growth. It was concluded that f-CNT-NF could be more effective in drug delivery at lower concentrations than the free state, which could be used as a tool for optimal drug delivery.

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The subjects related to Geomorphologic studies of Tehran metropolis, from assessment aspect that develope d during last half a century are numerous. Investigation of the surface drainage basins and rivers is one of these subjects. Changing the rivers and their natural flood channels without respecting geomorphologic principals and processes in Tehran metropolis will create different kinds of problems and damages for the civilians of Tehran. At present, the drainages of Tehran are supported by three territories: A) Basins ended to Kan River and West bund for flood channel; B) Basins ended to Aboozar channel and Barootkobi and C) Basins ended to the agricultural terrains of the South part of Tehran (Salehabad territory). In the present work, the above basins along with flood channel network before the development. were pictured by the aid of topography maps of 1970, air photos taken in different period, also geological maps. The domains of all mountainous and urban basins at present situation were determined by the aid of topography maps of 2001 and changes of drainage network. The maximum amounts of aquifer of each basins were calculated by rational analysis method and using Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves of Mehrabad and Saadabad stations for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and‌ 100 years. By utilization of physiographic characteristics, drainage systems, and their hydrological calculation and by comparing these characteristics with the nature of basins, the geomorphologic limitations of development in the territory surface drainage basins were assessed. The research procedure is based on analytical method. The key instrument of this research was compiling of Geographical Information System by Arc GIS software and statistical method. The results indicated that basins compile and a change in the direction of surface waters and their conversion to artificial channels augment aquifer and floods. Especially in long return periods, the increment is obvious, and as a result, it increases urban flood hazard. Blocking of the elementary water channels and creating the new ones in domain of Tehran metropolis without considering the geomorphologic and values. Therefore, in order to reduce the damages and to stabilize the basins development, it is a decisive necessity to apply the geomorphologic principles .

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Boiling is a remarkably efficient heat transfer method and is commonly used in daily life and industrial applications. Changing the physical and chemical structure of hot surface in some methods as making a porosity in a manner of enhancing boiling process is an interesting topic in recent decay. In this paper, porous metal micro/nano structural surfaces is produced in order to augmentation of boiling heat transfer on copper surface by the one- and two-stage electrodeposition method. The pictures in micro and nanoscale are captured to identification of structure and surface characteristics as porosity and capillarity are estimated. Next, the effects of structures in enhancing the pool boiling are measured experimentally. So then, boiling heat transfer profiles that demonstrate heat flux versus wall superheat, are derived for water fluid. Pool boiling curves of enhanced surfaces is compared with polished surface and results of other researchers to determine the efficiency improvement. Furthermore, comparison the effect of electrodeposition process time on obtained structures shows higher porosity, capillary and strength of structure with lower process time (30 sec) lead to further enhancement of pool boiling.

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Due to increasing the heat transfer surface area and high providing capillary pressure with high permeability, porous structures play a key role in improving the performance of two phase heat transfer devices such as heat pipes. New porous structures (bi-porous structures), have two distinct size distribution of pores of which the small pores provide the capillary pressure required for delivering liquid to the surface and large pores help vapor escape from the surface through increasing its permeability. The main goal is to gain a deeper understanding of the evaporator section of heat pipes and comparison between the performances of two sample biporous structures. Towards this goal first the Kovalev modeling technique is applied to determine the possibility of each phase’s existence in pores of different sizes throughout the computational domain. One dimensional heat transfer in a bi-porous wick is investigated. Inside the domain the conservation equations are solved for each phase and the results such as heat flux versus wall superheat are presented. Thermo-physical properties of the fluid and the matrix like the fluid properties, phase saturation and permeability and the conduction heat transfer coefficient are calculated from the geometry of the matrix and experimental relationships.

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Superhydrophobic surfaces received many applications in various industries such as desalinization, heat exchanger, anti-fog and self-cleaning surface production. In this study a wet etching process were used to produce superhydrophobic copper surfaces. The specimens were etched by multiple ferric chloride and deionized water solutions to create micro-nano structures on their surfaces. The electronic scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the resulted surfaces show a formation of micro-nano structures with specific templates. Contact and sliding angle measurement of surfaces after etching process show that contact angles of specimens improve to nearly 140o while sliding angle of all samples were 180o , which is the same as a rose petal property. In the next step, to promote hydrophobicity of surfaces, increase contact angle and decrease sliding angle, specimens were immersed in an ethanol and stearic acid solution with a specific concentration. As well as, effects of etching time and etchant concentration on the sliding and contact angles with/without stearic acid modification were investigated. Results show that contact angles increased and sliding angles decreased remarkably so that it reduced to lower than 10o in some cases and lotus effect were achieved.

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In In this paper nanofluids condensation heat transfer on an inclined flat plate is investigated. To do this, thermal resistances of single droplets are calculated and the total heat flux is evaluated using population balanced theory. The nanofluids include alumina, titanium dioxide and silver as nanoparticles and water as a base fluid. Effects of different surface inclinations, nanofluids types, and nanoparticles concentrations are investigated on the heat transfer. Nanofluids properties consisting of thermal conductivity, density, dynamic viscosity, and latent heat are extracted from literature and introduced into the equations. The results are compared with some experimental data in the same conditions. The Nusselt theory is used to compare the heat transfer rate of filmwise condensation with dropwise condensation. Inspecting the results shows that the heat transfer coefficient of a vertical plate is maximum, and decreases with decreasing in inclination due to lower washing rate of small droplets by sliding droplets. The results also show that the heat transfer coefficients of various nanofluids are different but they are constant all over the surface. As well as, addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid increases heat transfer rate. It can be seen that water-silver nanofluid has the maximum heat transfer rate among three beforehand mentioned nanofluids in the same conditions and the heat transfer rate increases with increase in volume fraction of nanoparticle for a specific nanofluid.

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Shirazi thyme with the scientific name of Zataria multiflora Boiss is an aromatic seasoning shrub related to Lamiaceae family. In traditional medicine, this herbal plant has been used as a flavoring agent, food and beverages preservative, respiratory tract infection treatment, preventing fluctuation and as antispasmodic, disinfectant and anaesthetic drug. The aim of this investigation was to assess the antibacterial activity of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZMEO) as alone and in combination with gentamicin and chloramphenicol antibiotics against some foodborne pathogenic bacteria. To determine the mutual pharmaceutical effect of ZMEO with the gentamicin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) method was used. Disk diffusion agar and well diffusion agar were also used to determine the inhibition zone diameter of ZMEO. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were performed using with microdilution broth and pour plate techniques, respectively. Results showed that Gram-negative bacteria had higher inhibition zone diameter as compare with Gram-positive ones. In case of simultaneous application of ZMEO with gentamicin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, the inhibition zone diameter for Listeria innocua was significantly increased. The MIC of ZMEO for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua were determined as 0.50, 0.25, 0.50, 0.25 and 0.25 mg/mm, respectively. The MBC of ZMEO for all the pathogenic strains was 2 mg/mm. According to the result of this study, Shirazi thyme has a great potential as a preservative in food industry in addition to its application as seasoning agent and herbal-tea production. 

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Sustainable development is an essential goal for developing countries, which can be measured by various indices. This paper computes genuine saving for the Iranian economy based on national accounting and examines the relationship between genuine saving and present value of discounted consumption during 1960-2012. The results indicate that genuine saving is mostly negative over the period under study and there is also a negative relationship between genuine saving (as a measure for the nation wealth) and the change in the present value of consumption (as a national welfare index). According to Hartwick’s rule, these findings mean that welfare reduction is a possible outcome in the future.

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Abstract    The Internet,due to its global scope, easy access, cheapness and possibility in global communication, is the endless world,andhas important role in developing and/or destructing countries. If it is used to make peace, economic security and positive communication, then it will be considered as proper technology for the countries;however, if it is used to violate privacy, intellectual ownership rights, insult, defamation and softwaremalfunctions, it will affect inversely. Toutilize this new world, it is necessary to create an integrated system including controlled rules with related needs. In this paper, the acceptedmodels of legal society are studied as a system to legitimate the internet in Iran, UK and USA. In this regard, international law has high exclusive capability to legitimate this space. These studieslead us toward a proper legal system with legitimated Internet.  
* Corresponding author’s e-mail: Fzedrisi@yahoo.com

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The cultural rights encompass a wide scope of human rights. Many elements of human rights are categorized within cultural rights and others are somehow associated or indirectly dependent to them. In fact, many instances of cultural rights are assumed as the basis and foundation for the enjoyment of other human rights. Despite the importance of cultural rights, international human rights system (although passing a challenging process toward culmination) has not only responded to expectations but also created various concerns. The portion of cultural rights and formation of thoughts in this regard is not satisfactory within the international human rights studies, and many issues are disregarded.This paper, reviewing the main international instruments and scientific human rights researches, makes an effort to identify the process of recognition of cultural rights in the international human rights system to declare the significant issues of cultural rights in international human rights to distinguish the cultural rights elements and, based on the aforementioned studies, to clarify the achievements and challenges of implementation of cultural rights. The paper will be concluded with some theoretical and practical suggestions and recommendations for future studies.

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Treated wastewater could be a valuable source of water for recycling and reuse in arid regions. Two one-year field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of municipal treated wastewater on seed yield and seed heavy metals content of safflower cultivars, in Research Farm of Yazd Municipal Wastewater Purification Station, during 2015 and 2016. The experiments were arranged as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments were in the main plot, consisting of three irrigation strategies (irrigation with only treated municipal wastewater, irrigation with treated wastewater/fresh water alternatively, and irrigation with only fresh water) and three safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars (Sofeh, Isfahan native, and Goldasht) in the subplots. Results showed that yield and yield components increased by treated wastewater treatment compared to the other irrigation treatments. Application of treated wastewater caused increase in safflower grain (40%) and biological (9%) yield as compared to fresh water treatment. Treated wastewater application led to accumulation of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb) in safflower seeds; however, the content of all the metals were below the permissible limits recommended by World Health Organization.
 

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Among the key strategies in higher education is to prioritize the development of the entrepreneurial university. In this regard, the University of Applied Sciences and Technology (UAST) is one of the main institutions involved in vocational higher education, especially in the agricultural sector, which aims to help graduates acquire the knowledge and skills they will require. To this end, the university needs to plan for and develop entrepreneurial educations in its training system. Accordingly, the present study aimed to strategically analyze entrepreneur UAST in the agricultural sector. The statistical sample included 19 individuals, who were presidents, deputies, and managers of a university or managers of agricultural applied science and technology centers. After interviews and reaching theoretical saturation, the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities of the agricultural applied sciences and technology centers were specified. The results of the SWOT matrix show that the aggressive strategy (SO) is the most appropriate strategy for the agricultural centers of UAST. The most important strategies within this approach included ‘organizing and developing agricultural applied sciences and technology programs in a balanced manner’; ‘designing and implementing a province-wide educational need assessment model for the agricultural sector’; ‘developing agricultural modular curricula and getting involved in new labor market potentials with the aid of the executive agencies’; ‘enhancing the quality of agricultural training components’; ‘developing financial resources and the use of the existing potentials of the agricultural sector with no financial burden on the government’; ‘basing decisions on research’; and ‘setting policies based on the modern agricultural and natural resources’ technology’.