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Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between developmental performance appraisal and Job performance mediated by organizational commitment and organizational support in the employees. This study performed in the Gas Company of Guilan Province in 2013. A number of 217 employees were selected as the participants using classified random sampling consistent with the sample size. Participants in this research complemented following Questionnaires: developmental performance appraisal, Organizational Commitment, Organizational support, Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. To confirm the scale factor structure and to evaluate the suggested model, confirmative factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted. Moreover, Bootstrap Test was adopted to examine its mediation and meaningfulness effects. The results revealed that the suggested model satisfies a good fitting regarding provided data. The research findings showed that only the indirect path of developmental performance appraisal, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior was meaningful, while the other three indirect paths (developmental performance appraisal, organizational support and commitment on task performance and developmental performance appraisal, organizational support and organizational citizenship

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The study was conducted in oak forests and the conifer stands in Marivan county located in west of Kurdistan province. The leaf litter and soils samples from these forests were taken during 2016 to 2019 and specimens were extracted by the Berlese funnels. Results of the study led to identification of 39 species of 11 families. The three genera Doutnacia Rusek, 1974 (Tullbergiidae), Heterosminthurus Stach, 1955 (Bourletiellidae) and Calx Christiansen, 1958 (Entomobryidae) and eight species including Willemia virae Kapruś, 1997, Xenylla tullbergi Börner, 1903 (Hypogastruridae), Axenyllodes caecus (Gisin, 1952) (Odontellidae), Thalassaphorura franzi (Stach, 1946) (Onychiuridae), Doutnacia xerophila Rusek, 1974 (Tullbergiidae), Calx kailashi Mandal, 2018, Seira dori Gruia, Poliakov & Broza, 2000 (Entomobryidae) and Heterosminthurus insignis (Reuter, 1876) (Bourletiellidae) are new for Iranian fauna. All species from the present study are reported for the first time from Kurdistan province. Short explanation of each collected species including material examined, distribution and short description and illustration for the new records are given.

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Rock has been advantageously employed in hydraulic structures such as rockfill dams, gabion weirs and drain works. One rockfill dam applications can be flood control in wa-tershed management. The objectives of building rockfill detention dams are flow storage for a specific period and lowering of the outflow hydrograph. As this type of dam consists of coarse particles, seepage flow will deviate from Darcy’s law and mostly be turbulent. Under the practical conditions of watershed management, it might be necessary to build successive rockfill dams, where a final outflow hydrograph with lower peak flows and longer duration is needed. Due to their reciprocal effects, the hydraulics of successive rockfill detention dams are complicated. This paper describes a routing flow model through successive rockfill dams considering the storage among them and their effects on each other. In the developed model, the velocity has been introduced to the 1-D continuity equation as an exponential relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor (f). By introducing the inflow hydrograph and rockfill character-istics as input data to the model, the outflow hydrograph can be determined through the storage routing method. The results of the developed model show good agreement with the experimental data collected for this investigation. The results show that the degree of peak reduction of the routed hydrograph depends on the number of successive rockfill dams, the distance between them, the average size of the rockfill material, and the dam dimensions.

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Detention rockfill dams are an easy and common tool for flood control. Due to their coarse pores, the flow in void spaces is turbulent and non-Darcy. Different relationships introduced by researchers are used to define the hydraulics of the flow within the rockfill materials. The present research is aimed at gaining a better understanding of the differ-ence among these relationships and the sources of uncertainty associated with the differ-ent parameters of each of the relationships. To examine the importance of various factors on the uncertainty of the outflow hydrograph, sensitivity analysis was conducted. For this purpose, a rockfill mass was provided, fifteen random samples of the mass selected, and then the physical characteristics of the material were measured or estimated. Also, some flood routing tests have been conducted. In these tests a physical model of a dam was in-stalled and downstream water level was measured for different outflow rates. While the downstream water level was considered as certain variable but other parameters were seen as stochastic (stochastic parameters are considered as random variables) and outflow discharge as an output uncertain parameter. Uncertainty analysis has been conducted for different points of the outflow hydrograph by employing available methods. The results show that the Samani et al. and McCorocoudale et al. relationships have the lowest and highest uncertainty, respectively. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates different levels of sensitivity accompanied each of the relationship parameters which results in different ef-fects on the total uncertainty of the relationships.

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Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors among women of reproductive age in Urmia using a behavioral change model.
Instrument & Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study examined 400 women selected by the snowball and convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a valid and reliable electronic researcher-made questionnaire consisting of four sections (demographic characteristics, knowledge, model constructs, and preventive behaviors) and analyzed by the descriptive and inferential statistical methods by SPSS 16.
Findings: There was a positive correlation between COVID-19 preventive behaviors with self-efficacy (p<0.001, r=0.68), knowledge (r<0.26, p<0.001), cues to action (p<0.001, r=0.29), perceived benefits (p<0.001, r=0.43), perceived susceptibility (p=0.002, r=0.15), and  perceived severity (p<0.001, r=0.20), and a negative and significant correlation with perceived barriers (p<0.001, r=-0.32). The constructs of the health belief model predicted 50% of the variance of preventive behaviors, and the self-efficacy construct (p<0.001, β=0.5388) was the strongest predictor.
Conclusion: Given the effective role of the research model in explaining the determinants of the COVID-19 preventive behaviors, the health belief model (HBM) and effective constructs can be used in educational planning and interventions.

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Mathematical simulation of flow toward drains is an important and indispensable stage in drainage design and management. Many related models have been developed, but most of them simulate the saturated flow toward drains without a due consideration of the unsaturated zone. In this study, the two dimensional differential equation governing saturated and unsaturated flow in porous media is numerically solved and water table variations between drains predicted. By introducing and linking a proper optimization model to the numerical one, saturated and unsaturated soil hydrodynamic parameters were estimated within the inverse problem technique context. Data for calibration and verification were provided through a conduction of laboratory experimentation. Other laboratory data were also employed for the proposed model evaluation. The results indicated that in addition to a prediction of the water table variations between drains, the inverse problem model can be employed to estimate the unsaturated soil hydrodynamic parameters with a high degree of precision.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a 2D depth-averaged model for simulating and examining unsteady flow patterns in open channel bends. In particular, this paper proposes a 2D depth-averaged model that takes into account the influence of the secondary flow phenomenon through calculation of the dispersion stresses. The dispersion terms which arose from the integration of the product of the discrepancy between the mean and the actual vertical velocity distribution were included in the momentum equations in order to take into account the effect of the secondary current. This model used a time-splitting method for solving advection, diffusion and other momentum equation terms. The proposed model uses an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system efficiently and accurately to simulate the flow field with irregular boundaries; it also used a finite volume projection method approach for solving the governing equation in a staggered grid. Two sets of experimental data were used to demonstrate the model's capabilities. The comparison of the simulated water surface elevation with the measurements shows good agreement and indicates that inclusion of the dispersion terms improved the simulation results.

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The estimation of velocity distribution plays a major role in the hydrodynamics of vegetated streams or rivers of extensive natural floodplains. The velocity profile in vegetated channels can be divided into three zones: uniform zone which is close to bed with uniform velocity distribution, logarithmic zone which involves the main channel with no vegetive cover and the transition zone that is affected by the upper zone flow. In order to arrive at an analytical solution to the force balance that governs the flow specific turbulence, characteristics of the flow through the vegetation are required. A new analytical model for the velocity distribution in the transition zone of vegetated (inflexible submerged vegetation) channels is hereby developed. The model is based on a force equilibrium equation and on Prandtl Mixing Length concept. Vegetation is treated as a homogeneous field of identical cylindrical stems and the flow field considered as uniform and steady. The proposed procedure is straightforward; it follows principles of fluid mechanics and shows good agreement with laboratory flume experiments. The new model can be employed for an exact estimation of discharge through naturally vegetated rivers. The model has been calibrated and verified. The results imply a desirable correlation between calculated and observed data.

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Nowadays, conservation is recognized as a complex and ongoing social process that includes identifying and valuing heritage and how it is used, cared for, and interpreted. In this article, it has been tried to examine the ritual of asking for rain centered on dolls in different geographical regions and in their culture. It, then, discusses the values of these works and finally the conservation and restoration approaches related to this ritual and the objects used in it. Different methods and approaches are necessary for the protection of these ritual objects. Some approaches can increase knowledge and awareness of these objects and rituals in the society, and on the other hand, this approach requires the use of all sciences related to conservation and restoration, both hard and soft sciences. In fact, every society must try to protect the cultural patterns of its country in order to continue its original and real life.

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Cohesive sediment transport remains a complicated subject that hydraulic engineers are frequently faced with in water-related engineering problems. This is primarily affected by the macroscopic aspects of water-sediment system characteristics. In this paper a 1-D mathematical model was developed to be employed in predicting the cohesive sediment transport under simultaneous conditions of erosion and deposition. This model is based on the convection-diffusion equation with proper source and sink terms and dispersion coefficient. The equation developed in the model has been solved by applying the finite volume approach. The model has been calibrated by employing the optimization technique using laboratory experimental data. For optimization, the transformed Powel's method has been employed. The data were collected in a flume of 10 m length, 0.30 m width and 0.45 m height. The applied discharges and concentrations were between 3 to 5lit/sec and 7 to 15 lit sec-1, respectively. The performance of this model has been assessed using two data sets: a set obtained in this study, and another provided by other researchers. The model shows good agreement with both data sets. The results obtained suggest that the deposition and erosion are functions of flow concentration, flow depth and shear stress exerted on bed.

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Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most relevant persistent infections afflicting the human population. Control of viral replication in HCV infection has been associated with the cellular component of the host immune response. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this abnormal immune response, among them an altered activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) being the most recently postulated. As the first report, in the present study the ability of HCV-core antigen in increase the frequency of natural Tregs (nTregs) in the mixed population of PBMCs was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic HCV infected patients (n = 19) and normal controls (n = 6) were analyzed to study the effect of HCV-core antigen in frequency of HCV specific nTregs. For this, PBMCs of different groups were isolated, cultured and stimulated with core antigen. Then an in-house triple-stain flowcytometric method was used to investigate the frequency of nTregs. Results: The results showed that, following incubation with HCV-core Ag, a population of nTregs was increased but, in negative controls the number of nTregs did not increase. Conclusion: The present data supporting the idea that nTregs are able to respond specifically to HCV antigen suggests that Tregs could contribute to an inadequate response against the HCV infection, leading to chronic infection and supports the view that specific natural Tregs may be implicated in host immune tolerance during HCV infection. It is reasonable that HCV vaccine candidates avoid epitopes that lead to strong nTregs stimulation.

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Advection-diffusion equation and its related analytical solutions have gained wide applications in different areas. Compared with numerical solutions, the analytical solutions benefit from some advantages. As such, many analytical solutions have been presented for the advection-diffusion equation. The difference between these solutions is mainly in the type of boundary conditions, e.g. time patterns of the sources. Almost all the existing analytical solutions to this equation involve simple boundary conditions. Most practical problems, however, involve complex boundary conditions where it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to find the corresponding analytical solutions. In this research, first, an analytical solution of advection-diffusion equation was initially derived for a point source with a linear pulse time pattern involving constant-parameters condition (constant velocity and diffusion coefficient). Hence, using the superposition principle, the derived solution can be extended for an arbitrary time pattern involving several point sources. The given analytical solution was verified using four hypothetical test problems for a stream. Three of these test problems have analytical solutions given by previous researchers while the last one involves a complicated case of several point sources, which can only be numerically solved. The results show that the proposed analytical solution can provide an accurate estimation of the concentration; hence it is suitable for other such applications, as verifying the transport codes. Moreover, it can be applied in applications that involve optimization process where estimation of the solution in a finite number of points (e.g. as an objective function) is required. The limitations of the proposed solution are that it is valid only for constant-parameters condition, and is not computationally efficient for problems involving either a high temporal or a high spatial resolution.

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In all societies and countries, in order to plan to provide the required energy for various sectors, it is necessary to accurately predict the demand, type of energy carriers and energy supply method. Considering the importance of food industries in each country, in this study, modeling of required energy for food industries sector was investigated. Modeling of energy consumption was performed using artificial neural networks. In the first step, the input data to the model was calculated according to statistics, balance sheets and input method proposed in this paper. Two methods, namely multiple neural network and single neural network were tested and the results showed that multiple neural network has a higher accuracy. For each of the energy carriers (gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, natural gas, electricity, gasoline and LPG) the best neural network was selected by taking the average of 20 times per program for each network characteristic. Finally, the network was implemented in the form of final model using Simulink environment of MATLAB 7.0 software. Data analysis showed that daily consumption of natural gas in the industry is increasing, while the consumption of fuel oil and LPG is going to be decreased.

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In this study the herdel effects of heating time, basil seed mucilage and Sodium Nitrite during preservating time on qualitative characteristics of 40% sausage by RSM method were investigated in order to decrease using nitrite at sausage. At first section the effect of different herdels on qualitative characteristics of sausage including residual nitrite, color and the number of Clostridium Perfringens and texure were investigated. In the second part, the optimization and the validity of developed model were performed. The results indicated that by increasing nitrite, the residual nitrite amount increased and by increasing of preservation time the nitrite amount was decreased. Overall changes are influenced by nitrite amount, basil seed mucilage, and heating time. Chlorostidium number was influenced by nitrite square and preservation time, so that the lowest Clostridium Perfringens amount was acquired at the highest nitrite concentration. Also only effective parameter on the sausage texture was basil seed mucilage. By increasing of mucilage content hardness of sausage was decreased by optimization the amounts of 95.38 ppm nitrite, 0.76% basil seed mucilage, the heating time of 112.15 minute at the preservation time of (24 days) were selected- which this formula lead to decrease at about 30ppm of the added nitrite- based on Iran national standard. The theoretical and the experimental results were in great agreement so RSM could be used for modeling and optimization of such processes.

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The main aim in this paper is to test the nonlinearity relationship between inflation and the government size in Iran during 1974-2012. To this end, we use a threshold regression approach and the Hansen nonlinearity test.  The result indicates nonlinear relationship between inflation and government size.  According to the results, an increase in government size by 0.22 will increase the rate of inflation with decreasing gradient, but afterwards any increase in government size will increase the rate of inflation.  In other words, under a small government regime, government size has negative effect on inflation, but in a large government regime, it has positive effect on inflation.

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The position of the planets for the planetary gear systems are in two forms of equally and unequally spaced. This paper investigates free vibration of the planetary gear with unequally spaced planets. The planetary gear set of this study is modeled as set of lumped masses and springs. Each component such as sun gear, carrier, ring gear and planets possesses three degrees of freedom and considered as rigid bodies. Bearing and mesh stiffnesses are modeled in the form of linear springs. Generally, planet, rotational, translational, distinct and degenerate modes are five vibration modes of the planetary gear systems. The results show that the translational mode for the system with numbers of even equally and unequally spaced planets, is different and rotational and translational modes have the same characteristics for the both systems. For the system with numbers of even unequally spaced planets, the natural frequencies of the translational modes have multiplicity one. When the numbers of the planets of the system are odd and the position of them is unequally spaced, the rotational and planet modes are generating and the natural frequencies of the translational modes are not appears. For the distinct and degenerate modes of the system with unequally spaced planets, the planets only have the rotational motion.

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This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of combined microwave-ultrasonic pasteurization system on Escherichia coli and vitamin C content in sour cherry juice (SCJ). Based on the findings, microwave output power, ultrasound power, and ultrasonic exposure time as well as the microwave-induced temperature were the most effective factors in reducing E. coli and vitamin C content. In addition, the microwave-induced temperature and ultrasonic exposure time, as independent variables, were both effective on E. coli removal. At higher temperatures, the effectiveness of ultrasonic waves as well as cavitation intensity declined. However, their combined effect (ultrasound and temperature) was more significant than their individual effect. It was also found that any increase in ultrasound power, ultrasonic exposure time, and microwave output power led to a significant reduction in vitamin C content, while the ultrasound power was the most effective. On the basis of RSM modeling, the optimum processing condition was: 352.21W microwave output power, 49.94˚C temperature, 475.13W ultrasound power and 6 minutes of exposure time. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM) modelling, the maximum vitamin C content was 142.5 mg per 100 mL with no remaining E. coli.

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The present study is subjected to analytical, numerical, and experimental simulation of hydraulic characteristics of flow over the streamlined weirs. Numerical simulations were performed using an open source software namely OpenFoam. According to the objectives of the present study, to evaluate the results of numerical modeling, experimental investigation was conducted, studying different models of streamlined weirs, experimentally. The profiles of the experimental models as well as the simulated numerical models were designed based on the Joukowsky transform function. By analyzing the results of different turbulence models including standard k-ε model, realized k-ε model, RNG k-ε model, k-ω SST model and Reynolds stress LRR model, the k-ω SST model was chosen as the most accurate numerical turbulence model for the simulation of flow over the streamlined weirs. The results of the numerical simulations for different flow discharges and different geometrical characteristics, indicated that, increasing the flow discharge and the relative eccentricity in Joukowsky transform function, tends to increase the velocity and consequently decrease the pressure over the weir crest. Therefore, the lowest pressure and the most probable potential of cavitation belongs to the circular-crested weirs with λ = 1 and high flow discharges. Furthermore, the results show that the greatest bed shear stresses and the compressive forces occur at the downstream end of the circular-crested weirs, thus the downstream zone of the circular-crested weirs is responsible to large values of bed erosion. This is partly due to formation of shock waves, reduction of the flow depth and enhanced velocity of flow downstream of the circular-crested weirs. Furthermore, the lowest bed shear stresses occur at the upstream end of the circular-crested weirs. Therefore, potential of sedimentation upstream of the circular-crested weirs increases. Accordingly, by employing streamlined weirs with λ< 1, and an appropriate curvature, unfavorable flow conditions would be improved, leading to a more safe and economic hydraulic structure. The present study is subjected to analytical, numerical, and experimental simulation of hydraulic characteristics of flow over the streamlined weirs. Numerical simulations were performed using an open source software namely OpenFoam. According to the objectives of the present study, to evaluate the results of numerical modeling, experimental investigation was conducted, studying different models of streamlined weirs, experimentally. The profiles of the experimental models as well as the simulated numerical models were designed based on the Joukowsky transform function. By analyzing the results of different turbulence models including standard k-ε model, realized k-ε model, RNG k-ε model, k-ω SST model and Reynolds stress LRR model, the k-ω SST model was chosen as the most accurate numerical turbulence model for the simulation of flow over the streamlined weirs. The results of the numerical simulations for different flow discharges and different geometrical characteristics, indicated that, increasing the flow discharge and the relative eccentricity in Joukowsky transform function, tends to increase the velocity and consequently decrease the pressure over the weir crest. Therefore, the lowest pressure and the most probable potential of cavitation belongs to the circular-crested weirs with λ = 1 and high flow discharges. Furthermore, the results show that the greatest bed shear stresses and the compressive forces occur at the downstream end of the circular-crested weirs, thus the downstream zone of the circular-crested weirs is responsible to large values of bed erosion. This is partly due to formation of shock waves, reduction of the flow depth and enhanced velocity of flow downstream of the circular-crested weirs. Furthermore, the lowest bed shear stresses occur at the upstream end of the circular-crested weirs. Therefore, potential of sedimentation upstream of the circular-crested weirs increases. Accordingly, by employing streamlined weirs with λ< 1, and an appropriate curvature, unfavorable flow conditions would be improved, leading to a more safe and economic hydraulic structure.