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One of the important subjects in Sohrab Sepehri’s poems is the philosophy of education and his attention to the basic aspect of human existence. This subject is important because Sepehri had a great shift in his literary and practical life since 1340’s. The goal of research: This research shows that Sohrab Sepehri was under the influence of phenomenological educational approaches and there are great similarities between Fromm’s  and Sepehri’s views in the poetical works like Shargh-e-Andooh (East of Sadness), Seday-e-Pay-e-ab(The Sound of Water’s Foot), Mosafer (Traveler), Hajm-e-Sabz (Green Space), and Ma Hich Ma Negah (We Nothing, We Look). According to this research, like Fromm, childhood has a philosophical concept for Sepehri. Childhood equals intuition and direct understanding of phenomena, gaining personal experience and freedom. Satisfying the human instincts is the first stage of gaining individuality, and maturity is the time of overcoming instincts, thinking dependence, escaping from imitation. Fighting with habits, opposition to imposed education, admiration of loneliness and acceptance of death show great similarities between Sohrab Sepehri and Erich Fromm’s views.      

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Aims: The present research was conducted to compare the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness on self-care in depressed women with gestational diabetes.
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental research was conducted on depressed women with gestational diabetes who were referred to the healthcare centers in Ray County, Tehran. Forty-five individuals were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and control. The two intervention groups, cognitive therapy and mindfulness, received eight sessions of 60 minutes each. The research tools included the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software and the mixed analysis of variance.
Findings: Mindfulness was significantly more effective in self-care behavior (p<0.01). However, both cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness methods led to increased diabetes self-care activities (p<0.01). After a one-month follow-up, both methods remained effective (p>0.05), although mindfulness showed a decreasing trend (p<0.01).
Conclusion: While both mindfulness and CBT show promise in enhancing self-care among depressed women with gestational diabetes, mindfulness appears particularly effective in addressing the complex interplay of depression and diabetes management. However, CBT demonstrates the potential for longer-lasting therapeutic effects.
 

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In present study, volume of fluid method in OpenFOAM open source CFD package will be extended to consider phase change phenomena due to condensation process. Both phases (liquid – vapor) are incompressible and immiscible. Vapor phase is assumed in saturated temperature. Interface between two phases are tracked with color function volume of fluid (CF-VOF) method. ُSurface Tension is taken accounted by Continuous Surface Force (CSF) model and mass transfer occurs along interface is considered by Lee mass transfer model. Pressure-Velocity coupling will be solved with PISO algorithm in the collocated grid. This solver is validated with Stefan problem. In one dimensional Stefan problem, the desistance of interface motion from cold wall is compared by the analytical solution. Then condensate laminar liquid film flow over vertical plate is simulated in the presence of gravity. Numerical result shows calculated film thickness from numerical simulation is thinner than analytical solution. Also, it shows Nusselt number is a function of vapor specific heat which neglected in existing correlations, therefore analytical solution and experimental correlation should modified to consider this effect on the Nusselt Number.

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One of obstacles in simulation of two phase flow is parasite currents. These currents cause unphysical distortion at interface which impairs interface capturing and numerical results. In present study, two methods (using Filter and s-CLSVOF) are implemented in OpenFOAM two phase flow solver called interFoam to reduce parasite current. 3 filters are added to color function volume of fluid (CF-VOF) method. These filters reduce parasite current in different ways, one smoothes color function, one smoothes curvature and the other one compresses the interface. The original and the modified solvers are tested with a quiescent bubble bench mark to investigate the effect of each filter on parasite currents. Then optimum arrangement of filters is compared with s-CLSVOF method and interFoam. Present study shows parasite current magnitude can be reduced at least up to 50% in the modified solvers. Also, the comparison of pressure jump from numerical results and analytical result with Young-Laplace equation shows modified solvers can predict pressure jump better than original solver. The pressure jump error is reduced up to 400% in the modified solvers. Also present study shows filters have better performance than s-CLVOF method and it can be considered as a suitable substitution of coupled methods.

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In this research two-phase slug flow regime in a T-junction branching divider is examined in two regular and irregular groups. Simulation is accomplished by OpenFOAM™ open source software. Simulation uses single fluid with volume of fluid (VOF) method to follow gas-liquid two-phase flow interface. Constant velocity boundary condition for inlet, constant pressure for outlet boundaries and no slip boundary condition are considered for fixed walls. Since slug flow regimes are one of the most complex two-phase flow regimes which its behavior could result in serious damages to the downward equipment's; the present research concentrates on the examination of slug flow behavior in the downstream of the T-junction. This study has concluded that using T junction eliminates flow fluctuation so the pressure and air velocity values decrease. Although the inlet of the vertical branch with cross section of 5×5 cm2 is not fully effective in decreasing upward slugs, but with increasing size of the inlet vertical side-branch from 5×5 cm2 to 10×5 cm2 and 20×5 cm2, pressure value of two-phase flow in the whole duct decreases. The consequences are the slug flow decreases in downstream but the plug flow grows up which means the objectives of the research has been accomplished. To verify the numerical results, comparison was made with the well justified previous works. The agreement was encouraging.