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Today, the news media has a momentous role in shaping public opinion and social developments. Journalistic translation thus follows guidelines and standards in order to convey the message and objectives of its source material. The translation of the political press discourse surrounding the US and international sanctions on Iran is particularly sensitive, due to its high potential in impacting international relations and political affairs.
The objective of our research is to highlight the importance of methodologies used for the translation of political press discourse. For this purpose, we have analyzed two important news articles related to the aforementioned sanctions. First, we conduct a critical analysis of the political discourse, based on Van Dijk's model, and then we perform a translational analysis, based on Antoine Berman's views. Finally, we explore the different types of modifications made by translators, as well as the efforts made to adapt the news to the media’s political ideology. In line with Van Dijk's opinions, we have shown that there is a close relationship between the ruling policy (power) and the press discourse (media), in shaping the public perception of policies and events at mass scale. We demonstrate how subtle deletion, change, and intensification is strategically used in jo urnalistic translation, in line with their desired discourse functions to achieve political goals.
 

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Ayat al-ahkam of prayer are verses in which divine commands about prayer are in the form of prescriptive discourse; But the point that is raised about such verses is that despite the rule of prescriptive discourse on them, in many of these verses, the actor is one of the components of inductive discourse (encouragement, threat, etc.) has also used; For this reason, in this research, it is the question of what function the inductive discourses have in these verses, and despite them, what kind of discourse structure does this category of commandment verses have? In this research, which was carried out with the analytical and applied method and based on the semiotic-semantics approach of Garmes, an attempt has been made to examine the 17 verses of the Qur'an, which are known as the commandments of prayer, from the point of view of prescriptive and inductive discourse, in order to determine how their discourse structure is. And the function of inductive discourses should also be clarified in these verses; The findings of this research show that the inductive discourses used in addition to the prescriptive discourse are anti-discourses that have provided semantic support to the performance of the prescriptive action by the actors in two ways, and their presence has created a unified system of prescription and induction in these verses. Is.

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Teacher reflection and self-efficacy beliefs are two important teacher characteristics that influence different aspects of teaching jobs. The relationship between these two constructs is important, but the previous research has focused on the effect of reflection on self-efficacy. This mixed-methods study aimed at assessing the interrelationships between reflection and self-efficacy through surveying 330 Iranian English language teachers in the quantitative phase and interviewing 15 teachers in the qualitative phase. The quantitative data were analyzed through a Partial Least Square approach and the qualitative data through a conventional content analysis. Results show the two variables are closely interwoven, but reflection components were better predictors of self-efficacy. Metacognitive, cognitive, and affective reflection were significant predictors of self-efficacy and its components, but critical reflection did not predict any aspect of reflection. Efficacy for classroom management could predict practical and cognitive reflection, and efficacy for student engagement could predict practical, affective, and critical reflection. These findings imply that metacognitive, affective, and cognitive reflections need to be encouraged in English Language Teaching preservice and inservice teacher education programs, and workshops need to be enriched and focus on practical teaching issues and classroom management strategies, and learner engagement techniques.
 

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The present research study aimed to investigate the pragmatic awareness, attitudes, and practices of nine upper secondary English teachers in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classrooms, with a focus on the intercultural aspects of the subject. Using a phenomenological methodology, the study conducted nine semi-structured interviews with English teachers of upper secondary students. Teachers demonstrated a high level of awareness of pragmatics, particularly when presented with pragmatic input based on syllabi formulations. The awareness suggested a recognition of the importance of pragmatic competence in language learning. Teachers incorporated pragmatics into their teaching methods. Pragmatics was used as a tool for fostering metacognitive conversations about language, helping students understand the appropriateness of certain phrases or words. Teachers aimed to make students aware of why people communicate in certain ways. The understanding of the reasons behind communication choices was deemed important for both teachers and students. Teachers perceived the intercultural dimensions of the English subject as crucial. Issues such as monocultural teaching groups, filter bubbles, and the rise of difficult conversations were highlighted. Teachers found using students' first languages to be an important tool for understanding and scaffolding their learning of English. The incorporation of pragmatics in the EFL classroom not only benefits language development but also serves as a facilitator in developing an understanding of other people. The study suggested a link between pragmatic awareness and intercultural competence in language teaching.

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This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the utilization of two emotion regulation strategies, namely cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, among a group of Iranian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) at universities in Isfahan, Iran. The investigation was based on the Process Model of Emotion Regulation, a psychologically-validated theoretical model proposed by Gross (2015). The study also investigated the correlation between emotion regulation and levels of foreign language anxiety (FLA), and as an additional area of investigation, the impact of emotion regulation on the association between FLA and motivation for learning a second language. A total of 295 learners were questioned using a quantitative questionnaire. The qualitative research involved the selection of thirteen respondents from three levels (high, medium, low) of FLA. The primary component employed in this study was a stimulated recall interview. Data collection was undertaken online due to scheduling constraints. The findings indicated a low frequency of utilization for the two emotion regulation strategies, with cognitive reappraisal being more commonly employed compared to expressive suppression. Learners with low English proficiency exhibited a lower prevalence and preference for cognitive reappraisal. There was a stronger positive correlation observed between expressive suppression and FLA. The study found a negative correlation between cognitive reappraisal and FLA. It provides evidence that understanding the inner workings of learners’ emotion regulation may inform pedagogical practices.

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Various factors, such as temperature stress, dietary changes, and the entry of contaminants and infections into the hemolymph, are known to affect insect immune responses by altering hemocyte profiles. The research focused on the hemocyte profile, hemogram across all biological stages, and the morphological and frequency changes of hemocytes in third instar larvae exposed to temperature stress. Cucumber fruits infected with insect larvae were collected and brought to the laboratory, where third instar larvae were extracted from the fruit tissue. The hemolymph was then collected, and after staining with Giemsa solution, hemocytes were identified under a light microscope. The hemogram analysis included measurements of DHC, THC, blood volume, and AHC across all biological stages. In third instar larvae, plasmatocytes and granulocytes were the most abundant, comprising about 56% of the hemocyte population. In contrast, prohemocytes were most frequent in the first instar larvae, accounting for approximately 37%. THC was highest in third instar larvae, indicating a direct correlation between hemolymph volume and total hemocyte count. Temperature stress had a significant impact on hemocyte numbers. Heat stress, with temperatures up to 30 and 35 °C, led to a notable increase in total cell count, granulocytes, and plasmatocytes. Conversely, cold temperatures resulted in a decrease in prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and the total cell count compared to the control group. Additionally, temperature stress induced hemocyte deformation, with plasmatocytes and granulocytes showing the most pronounced changes under heat stress, including torn cell walls and loss of cell contents at 35 ^○C.

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Abstract Introduction: Measles virus (MV) belongs to the morbilivirus genus of paramyxoviridae family, and has single stranded, negative polarity, non segmented RNA genome. Method: In this research, the total RNA was extracted of measles virus (AIK-C) vaccine strain. The extracted RNA was immediately used in reverse transcription reaction to generate cDNA. The 1st strand cDNA was used to amplify the F gene by specific primers in a reaction PCR. The PCR product with the expected size of 1662 bp was cloned into expression plasmids pET-22b(+) and pET-28a(+). The recombinant plasmids were transformed into competent E.coli DH5α cells and clonies were screened with direct PCR. The recombinant plasmids were extracted by Alkaline lysis and were compared with non- recombinant plasmids in molecular weight. Results: Recombinant plasmids were digested with Nde I and Hind III restriction enzymes. The DNA band with an approximate size of 1662 bp was detected on 1.5% agarose gel. The recombinant plasmid pET-28a(+) was sequenced, comparison of this sequence with the coding sequence F protein of measles virus (AIK-C) in Genbank (AF266286) was revealed high degree of homology and showed that F gene is highly conserved. Conclusion: It was showed that F gene is highly conserved. Thus F gene is important for studing in order to produce recombinant vaccine.

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In this research, closed-cell natural rubber foams were produced using a single-step compression molding. The effect of carbon black content on morphology, physical and mechanical properties of the foams were examined. Results showed that in this methodology, the foam density was independent of reinforcement percentage, which is a unique characteristic of single-step foams that contrasts with other previous observations. The study of curing behavior of foam compounds showed that the carbon black increasing from 0 to 30 phr increased the crosslink density (CLD) from 6.5 to 8.3*10^-5 mol/cm³, the cure rate from 16.1 to 23.2 (%/min) and the ultimate torque from 5.8 to 10.4 Nm, while, reduced curing time from 9.2 to 5.8 min. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the reinforcement acted as a nucleation agent increasing the cell density from 8 N/cm³ to 140 N/cm³ and reducing the cell size from 579µm to 255µm. The increase of reinforcing content in the produced foams reduced the cells size and enhanced the properties of the rubber matrix. Accordingly, the modulus and hardness of the foams were increased by  0.8MPa and 40 shore A, respectively. Results of sound absorption and reflection showed that the rubber foam reflects the sound waves more than 90% and absorbs waves about 10%.

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Nowadays, the development of the main pillar is moving towards the globalisation of higher education and skilled human resources; the main character is the country's progress. So that higher education in the spatial planning strategy document, one of the most important factors of growth and scientific development and the realisation of the goals and strategic plans, human resource development that upbringing religious human resources, specialists and skills tailored to the needs of the country, the region and the world referred and the happen this paramount issue only through the institutions of education, especially higher education system possible. The importance of this issue this study aims to deem the role of collegiate sports as an important chapter in the growth and development of human capital in higher education, which includes the majority of the student class. This thread was raised to impose specific planning and provide a new pattern with a dynamic vision that leads to an increase in the functionality and capabilities of human resources, and with this action can be taken a fundamental step in the development of higher education. This research methodology was descriptive-analytical, which was done by collecting and analysing information. In order to achieve the research objectives, some problems and obstacles were identified, which caused disorder in the development of higher education and human resources. The obtained results showed that collegiate sport is important, and in case pays attention to them, one will see progress and development of higher education in the country and the world. 

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Abstract
In recent decades, much research has been conducted in the context of domestic violence, especially violence against women and children; But in related to another form of domestic violence, or sibling abuse, not only has little attention been paid by researchers, but most parents also ignore their children's violent behavior toward each other as a common childish behavior. However, most of these cases have profound and destructive effects on children's social development and cognition, and consequently increase the likelihood of committing criminal behaviors. Among these, social and cultural factors are a hidden phenomenon that determines the shape of individual relationships in families. The present study describes the prevalence of sibling abuse with the aim of examining the economic, cultural and social contexts of student families.
     The survey study was conducted among 600 high school students in districts one and six of Mashhad using a researcher-made questionnaire in two sections: self-reported victimization and delinquency with Cronbach's alpha 0.918, and was conducted in the academic year 2020-2021. Data analysis shows that the cultural and social characteristics of families such as inadequate parental education, poverty and unemployment, affect the prevalence of sibling violence, and violence among students with lower levels of family background was more prevalent in compare to others.
    This study shows that social factors and cultural level within families affect the level of violence between children; therefore, if a society can strengthen the normative and cultural components of families through education and the media, it can improve the health of families. The Iranian legislature has taken an important step to combat this type of behavioral violence by passing the Child and Adolescent Protection Act 2020.
 
Keywords: Domestic Violence, Brother-Sister Abuse, Victim Self-Report, Crime Self-Report, Mashhad High School Students

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Sports volunteer movement and capital development challenges

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Demographic parameters of the ladybeetle, Serangium montazerii Fursch feeding on citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri Ashmead were determined on two host plants, Page tangerine and Thompson navel orange. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C and RH of 60 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (L: D). Total pre-adult periods of the lady beetle were 20.84 ± 0.302, 19.27 ± 0.251days on Page tangerine and Thompson navel orange, respectively. The survivorship from egg to adult were very close to each other on the two host plants. The oviposition periods were 29.64 ± 0.905 and 33.36 ± 0.599 days and the total number of eggs per female (fecundity) were 457.14 ± 11.099 and 528.57 ± 12.369 on Page tangerine and Thompson orange, respectively. Peaks of reproductive value occurred at ages of 31 and 33 days when reared on Thompson navel orange and Page tangerine, respectively. The intrinsic rates of increase (r) on Thompson orange and on Page tangerine were 0.134 ± 0.063 and 0.126 ± 0.006d^-1 with no significant differences. The mean generation time (T) on these host plants were 39.03 ± 0.5 and 40.57 ± 0.46 days, respectively. It can be concluded that S. montazerii feeding on D. citri in general showed a slightly better reproductive performance on Thompson navel orange than on Page tangerine.

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Soil affected by salt (NaCl) is a major problem worldwide and in areas with potential agriculture; lands in many countries are not enough to support crop production. The development of salt tolerant cultivars would be enhanced by better understanding of the genetic control of tolerance to salt stress. A new cereal, tritipyrum, a range of amphiploids between Triticum spp. and Thinopyrum spp. offers such a new chance. Those with the 6x construction (2n=6x=42, AABBEbEb) derived from Triticum durum (2n=4x=28, AABB) and Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14, EbEb) are of the potential to become a new high salt tolerant cereal crop. Tritipyrum is prone to problems similar to those exhibited by early triticales, e.g. chromosome instability and low fertility, which in that crop were eventually overcome by breeding. Other problems could be overcome through substitution of Eb genome chromosomes by D genome ones, and the feasibility of this has been assessed in the progenies of (6x tritipyrum) x (6x wheat) hybrids with the aid of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The cytological, morphological and agronomic studies of existing tritipyrum lines, including the effect of vernalization, were carried out, too. A novel multiple- pistil/seed characteristic of one original tritipyrum line has also been investigated and its genetic basis established. The results have shown that, first creation of substituted lines is feasible, and thus it could be a route for the elimination of undesirable traits. Second, improvement should be possible via selection for chromosomally stable lines, with increased fertility and yield. Third, it may also be possible to exploit the perennial habit and multi-tillering traits in a dual-purpose forage/grain crop. Fourth, the multiple-pistil/seed trait may be controlled by two recessive genes. Fifth, there is a high probability of having established the seven possible monosomic additions of Th. bessarabicum to T.durum for the first time.

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Syntagmatic and paradigmatic structures, as it was already reiterated by linguists such as Roman Jakobson, constitute the fundamental structure of language. Thus it is possible that semantic components of a word are found, the relations of syntagmatic and paradigmatic words with it are studied, and finally, the functions of that word in language are determined in a wide scale. In this method, first, sytamatic and paradigmatic words, which are considered to be the semantics components of the word, are found, and then their common semantic components are analyzed. The term “Haq”, which is repeated 290 times, is one of the most significant Quranic terms. Haq and its syntagms and substitutions (rasu:l, din, bātil, hudā, sidq, bayyināt) are the basis of its analysis. In addition to Arabic language, this term has also got a variety of applications in its Quranic veriety. For instance, God says that He and all His effects in the world such as creation, sending the Messengers, the revelation, good tidings and threats are “Haq”.

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A 12-week feeding trial was carried out in 500 L fiberglass tanks  to evaluate the effect of dietary choline at 0, 2, 4, and 8 g kg ^-1 levels on growth rate, body composition and total liver lipid of juvenile Acipenser baerii (37.67±0.67 g). A semi purified basal diet was formulated using vitamin free casein and wheat gluten as a protein source, a mixture of animal and plant oils as a lipid source and dextrin as a carbohydrate source. Four isonitrogenous (40% protein) and isoenergetic (18 MJ kg^-1) diets were prepared and fed to the fish three times daily to apparent satiation. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly affected by dietary choline (p<0.05). The best growth performance was observed in fish fed diets containing 2 and 8 g kg ^-1 choline (p<0.05). Fish fed with 2 and 4 g kg ^-1 choline showed higher lipid content compared with the control diet (p<0.05), but not significantly different in body protein (p>0.05). Total lipid of liver and plasma, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipids levels showed an increasing trend with increasing levels of dietary choline, but not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). Based on the results, we recommend adding a 1.5 gkg^-1 choline to commercial diet of juvenile Acipenser baerii.

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This paper, using Government and Binding Theory, deals with resumptive pronouns in Persian. It is concluded that the resumptive pronouns in genetive structures are obligatory. Such pronouns can be absent in genetive position of topicalized structures in the old and literary Persian. They are obligatory in prepositional structures too. The presence of prepositon before the head of relative clauses is possible, if in the of both relative and matrix clause verbs there exist -roles needing a joint preposition by which they are represented. Otherwise, the preposition must be stranded in the relative clause with a resumptive pronoun in the complement position. Resumptive pronouns are optional in the object position of relative clauses but banned in topicalized structures. A trace is prefered in the unmarked subject position of relative clauses but resumptive pronoun occurs when this position is focused and shows a sort of uniqueness. Relative element in Persian relative clauses is a non-overt operator coindexed with resumptive pronouns or traces. Persian language is sensitive to complex noun phrase consraint, and accordingly, in cases where a resumptive pronoun inside a complex noun phrase is coindexed with a non-overt operator out of that complex noun phrase and yet the structure is grammatical, it is concluded that no movement happens. So Persian resumptive pronouns are base-generated. Non-clitic pronouns can not be resumptive in topicalized structures.  

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