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The effect of six diets including Scenedesmus quadricauda), manure (cattle+poultry, 1:1 ratio), vegetable (spinach+parsely+coriander, 1:1:1 ratio), algae+soil, vegetable+soil, and manure+soil were examined on culture of freshwater copepod, Acanthocyclopsrobustus, under the experimental conditions of 23±1ºC, 12 hours dark: 12 hours light photoperiod, and light intensity of 60 µmol photons/m²/s. The maximum population density (1282.6±163.7 individuals/L), maximum specific growth rate (SGR) (0.17±0.0 /day) and minimum doubling time (Dt) (4.0±0.1 days) were obtained when A. robustus fed on algae+soil. The nauplii production was 727.3±42.4 (±SE),  272.0±23.5, 267.6±17.7, 147.0±18.2, 33.6±3.8 and 25.0±7.1 ind./L and copepodit production was 311.3±26.8, 124.3±11.1, 183.0±13.0, 59.0±7.1, 14.3±8.1, and 17.6±3.6 ind./L in algae, algae+soil, vegetable, vegetable+soil, manure+soil, and manure, respectively. Correspondingly, the adult production was 208.5±26.8, 51.6±16.5, 192.7±23.7, 91.7±28.4, 8.7±5.4 and 8.7±3.6 ind./L, respectively. The maximum body length (663.8±29.1 µm) and width (526.2±23.7 µm) of A. robustus were recorded when fed with vegetable+soil and vegetable, respectively. The number of nauplii, copepodit, adults, length and width were significantly correlated with EC, BOD and COD. According to results, the A. robustus has suitable potential culture on algal and non-algal diets based on production, growth, body size, BOD and COD, but the better performance obtain on algae+soil and vegetable.

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The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between occupational prestige and soldiering variables and intermediate role of organizational indifference. This research is practical and descriptive-correlative and data were collected through descriptive method. Statistical community is all Ilam petrochemical's Co. employees. Results showed that occupational prestige has a negative meaningful effect on organizational indifference and avoidance. Also, organizational indifference has a positive meaningful relationship. The mediating role of organizational indifference in the relationship between occupational prestige and the staff evasion was confirmed. Considering avoidance, obtained results in respective organization showed that occupational status is one of the main motivational factors for employees. With regard to their responses, the higher the occupational status are, the less the indifference and avoidance.  

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Routine verbal communication almost never occurs in quiet. Speech perception disorder in noise is one of the most common complaints of people of all ages. In our living environment, there are different types of background noise that have different masking effects. In general, verbal noises have more signal target masking. Babble noise as an interfering factor can lead to speech perception disorders. Speech phonemes are alienated into consonants and vowels across languages. These phonemes are different in terms of production and perceptual mechanism. Persian has 6 vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /â/, /o/, and /u/. Vowels are the nucleus of the syllables and words, vowel errors can lead to disorders in speech perception process. Now the question arises as to whether the ability of vowel recognition in the presence of babble noise is influenced by age, signal to noise ratio, gender, and educational level? Also, if the above factors affect the recognition of the Persian vowel, which vowels are more vulnerable to these effects?
Therefore, due to the absence of similar studies on the effect of the aforementioned factors on the recognition of Persian vowels, the present study examined the effect of age, signal to noise ratio, sex, and educational level on the recognition of Persian vowel in the fourth and fifth decades of life. This observational and cross sectional study was performed on 60 adults with normal hearing in the age range of 30-49 years with mean and standard deviation (SD) of 38.88±6.23 years old (thirty people aged 30 to 39 years old with average age and standard deviation (SD) of 33.40±2.35 years and thirty aged 40 to 49 years with average age and standard deviation (SD) of 44.73±2.33 years) from available samples. After the auditory and speech evaluation, the recognition of Persian vowels were examined in consonant-vowel-consonant syllable in the presence of babble noise in signal-to-noise ratios of 0, -5 and -10, along with  the randomized presentation of stimuli to the right ear. The purpose of the random presentation of syllables in the present study was to avoid memorizing words.Comparison the recognition score of six Persian vowels showed significant differences in three signal-to-noise ratios (p = 0.001). Also, comparison the vowels recognition scores were significant in two age ranges of 30-39 and 40-49 years old in three signal-to-noise ratios (p = 0.001). However, not found significant differences between the sexes (P= 0.991) and different educational levels (P= 0.282). Also, in three signal to noise ratios of 0, -5 and -10, the recognition scores of the front vowels were better than the back vowels. In signal-to-noise ratios of 0 and -5, the highest mean of recognition score was associated with / a / vowel and in the signal-to-noise ratio of -10 with / i / was present. Also, there was the lowest mean of recognition score in signal-to-noise ratios 0, -5 and -10 with / u / vowel. The present study showed that the average recognition of Persian vowels is affected by age, signal-to-noise ratio, and type of vowel. As the age increases and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases, the average recognition score of the vowels decreases significantly in the presence of babble noise
 
 

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Aims: Hospital-acquired infections represent a significant global health challenge, leading to increased patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This study aimed at evaluating the knowledge and practices of healthcare workers at Ghaem Hospital’s special care units concerning the control of hospital-acquired infections.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive-analytical research employed a comprehensive approach, encompassing all nursing and patient-care staff in the special care units of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. Conducted from 2022 to 2023, the study utilized a census and sampling method to gather data, which were collected via two questionnaires-one capturing demographic details and the other assessing knowledge and practices related to infection control.
Findings: A total of 96 individuals participated in the study, predominantly nurses (62.5%), followed by paramedics (24%), and doctors (13.5%). Practices of hand hygiene before procedures varied in different groups. 30% of doctors, 34% of nurses, and 30% of paramedics thoroughly washed all parts of their hands; 63% of doctors, 57% of nurses, and 50% of paramedics used soap; complete fingernail washing was done by 43% of doctors, 45% of nurses, and 56% of paramedics, showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Post-procedure hygiene responses were positive from 44% of doctors, 33% of nurses, and 50% of paramedics. Knowledge regarding the transmission of urinary and ventilator-associated respiratory infections was generally high among doctors and nurses but lower among paramedics.
Conclusion: Healthcare staff adheres to infection control guidelines to varying degrees, with doctors and nurses generally performing better than paramedics.
 

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Objective: Profound consumption of medicinal plants products worldwide and public misconception of the products safety puts the urgent need forward as to evaluation of their safe and harmful aspects. In the present study the Lavandula angustifolia essential oil was studied with a view to the foregoing criteria. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial, antioxidative, hematologic and cytotoxic properties of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil were studied. Results: The bacterial strains sensitive to Lavandula angustifolia oil were in the following order: S.aureus> E.coli> K. pneumonia> Streptococcus faecalis> P. aeruginosa. Antioxidative property of the oil was carried out using beta carotene bleaching test and the results were compared with the standard synthetic antioxidants. Lipid peroxidation inhibitions were lower than the synthetic antioxidant BHT and BHA. The oil concentration required for 50% (IC50) free radical scavenging of DPPH was 56 μg/ml with total phenol contents of 85.43 μg GAE/mg for L. angustifolia oil. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the blood sera of the rats gavaged with a daily dose of 100 µl oil increased by 167.57%. Adverse therapeutic effects were noted as a result of feeding the rats with the essential oil. The volatile oil displayed cytotoxic effects on the human tumor cell line (HeLa cells) and peripheral blood cells with the IC50 of 26 and 21μg/ml respectively. The mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of various concentrations of Lavandula angustifolia oil on TA98 and TA100 strains Salmonella typhimurium in the presence and absence of S9 fraction were determined. Conclusion: The results show that the Lavandula oil used in the present study may not be consumed without dose determination.

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Objective: Hearing loss is the most frequent neurosensory defect in human. Mutations in GJB2 and GJB6 are responsible for 50% of autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) cases. Here we report on the frequencies of GJB2 and GJB6 mutations and three large deletions spanning the GJB6 gene including Del (GJB6-D13S1830), Del (GJB6-D13S1854) and a >920 kb deletion in patients affected by ARNSHL referred to Kawsar's Human Genetics Research Center. Materials and Methods: In this study, 94 patients from 63 families with ARNSHL were investigated. Patient's homozygote for 35delG were screened and left out of the study and the remaining samples were analyzed by sequencing of GJB2 and GJB6 genes. Also the three large deletions spanning the GJB6 gene were analyzed by Real Time PCR Results: In this study we found GJB2 mutations in 13 families (20.6%) out of 63. The 35delG mutation was the most common mutation in the studied population (61.5%). Other GJB2 mutations were delE120, R127H, W24X, and V37I. The heterozygous or negative cases for the GJB2 mutations were screened for mutation in the GJB6 gene by sequencing and no mutation was observed. Also, we checked the three large deletions in GJB6, we found no mutations. Conclusion: Low frequency of mutations in the GJB2 gene implies that other genes may be involved in causing non-syndromic hearing loss in our country.

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Abstract: Saturated granular soils are possible liquefied when subjected to earthquake loading. This phenomenon is result from generation of excess water pore pressure because of non enough time to water drainage and govern non- Consolidated Condition. When liquefaction is occurred, many forces are generated and undergrounds structures are affected. In this research numerical analysis on buried pipelines in FLAC 2D software are performed and verified duration a comparative process with experimental result from ASCE organization. In present research surveyed effects of various parameters on liquefaction occurrence and probable damages to buried pipelines as dilatancy and friction angle of soil, relative density of back fill around the pipe, diameter and buried depth of pipe and underground water level. Results indicated that uplift of pipe decrease when dilatancy and friction angle of soil increased in constant relative density condition. This result is different for varied relative density. In low and medium relative density by increasing of dilatancy angle, uplift of pipe increase, reach to pick and decrease. But floating decrease with increasing dilatancy angle for high relative density always. Buried pipe in depth trench and increase of dead load result from back fill on pipeline and usage of pipes with small diameter, decrease uplift the pipe in liquefaction occurrence too. Of course don’t expect perform this subjects in all conditions. for example conflict ion to other underground installation, necessary hydraulic gradient for fluids flow or excavation in region with up underground level, don’t make to excavation of deep conduits. The analysis demonstrate that vertical displacement and damages to pipe is decrease if around installed pipe in conduit back fill with non- liquefied soils. In this new analysis all physical properties of soil and pipe in model are without any change except the cohesion and friction angle of soil around the pipe. Cohesion soils are low potential to liquefaction. For this reason we increase this coefficient from zero to 30 kpa and reach the friction angle to 30 degree. Results are demonstrated in a graph that show uplift versus thickness of non- liquefied soil normalized with diameter of pipe. Final parameter that surveyed in this research is effect of underground water level on floating buried pipeline. Results show decrease of underground water level cause to decrease of floating and damages to pipeline. For this purpose add a new water level to base model and run the analysis. In next steppes the underground water level is lesser and results are show in a graph that explain variation of vertical displacement versus water level normalized by thickness of soil model. This work possible by excavation of drainage shaft and drop down water level nearby the pipeline. Of course, look this work isn’t economical proposal for long transmission pipelines as petroleum or water conveyance. But in limit industrial sites as refineries this proposal is an improvement work to prevent any damage and and continual service of lifelines duration of unpredictable phenomenon. Keywords: Liquefaction, buried pipelines, FLAC, finite difference method, Finn’s model. Liquefaction, buried pipelines, FLAC, finite

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In this study, experimental and analytical unsteady flow around a cylinder model with rotational degrees of freedom is discussed. Experimental studies at different speeds and angles of attack for two cylinder models with different length ratios have been done. Meanwhile the analyses of numerical technique known as vortex panel method have been used. Analytical and experimental results show that the rotational and vibrational motion and a combination of these behaviors occur. These types of behaviors depend on ratio of length plates to cylinder radius, primary object angle of attack and free stream velocity. At different speeds and at all angles of attack for a length of less than 1, the model has vibrational Motion around a specific angle. This angle for cylinder with two plates is 90 degrees. Generally, the model tends to vibrational motion at low angles of attack with increasing length ratio and free stream velocity occurs and by increasing the Primary angle of attack is the desire to vibration motion around a specific angle. Also, in free stream velocity 10(□(m/sec)) and Higher, for length ratio 4, the model had a steady rotational motion. In addition, angular velocity models and Strouhal number on rotational motion is calculated. The results show that Strouhal Number is a fixed amount, by increasing the Reynolds Number.

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Designing breeding programs for winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars with improved seed and oil yields requires information about the genetic variability of traits. In this study, 28 winter rapeseed cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and relationships between 11 agro-morphological characters during 2010 and 2011. Cultivars and cultivar × year interaction showed significant variation for all studied traits. Genotypic coefficients of variation indicated that yield, number of branches per plant, and plant height had the highest variation. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 6% to 87% for seed yield and pod length, respectively. Positive correlation was found between seed yield with number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, days to flowering, and days to ripening. The result of factor analysis showed three independent factors that explained 71% of the total variability, which were named ‘productivity’, ‘phenology and oil’, and ‘pod length’, respectively. According to the first factor, RGS003, Opera, and Hayola were identified as high seed yielding cultivars. Based on all three factors, Lilian, Licord, and Ella were identified as the best cultivars concerning seed yield and oil content. 

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In this study the behavior of floating piles row with circular cross-section were installed inside the dry sandy slope by help of three-dimensional numerical analyses and physical modeling have been simultaneously studied. The three-dimensional numerical modeling was used for conducting the parametric studies about effects of directions of imposition of harmonic seismic loading on the main geotechnical parameters of floating piles row-sandy slope problem. The seismic loading of harmonic sinusoidal waves in the form of seismic motions in the in-plane and out-of-plane directions along the longitudinal and transverse directions of slope model and both of them were imposed on the slope physical and numerical models. Moreover, the physical modeling of the investigating problem was implemented for validation of numerical results by imposing the sinusoidal harmonic loading in the longitudinal and transverse horizontal directions of micro-scale slope model by help of small-scale geotechnical shaking table. Reinforcing of a dry sandy slope by a row of floating piles (similar to reinforcing of slope by end-bearing piles row) results in significant decrease (to about more than 50 percent) in slope’s vertical displacements. Out-of-plane components of seismic loading such as transverse component of earthquake, T component, (productive of horizontal shear waves, i.e., SH waves) also in the presence of site’s effects such as “directivity effects” can produce the responses as large as the in-plane motion components such as earthquake longitudinal contained component, L (productive of P and SV seismic waves). The motion of slope sliding wedge in the strong ground motions is a rigid block motion while the failure wedge displacement under weak ground motions is a negligible motion and occur in a flexible block manner. Simultaneous seismic loading along two-axes of three coordinate axes in contrast to the current slope seismic loading that the seismic loading are imposed along one axis and in the longitudinal direction of slope failures surface, have great effects on the slope displacements values and internal efforts generated in the reinforcing piles row. Studying and solving the classic problem of in-plane and out-of-plane seismic-waves propagations in the combination with the existence of slope in the ground and piles row interaction (i.e., adding the piles row-slope seismic interaction to the initial classic problem) by help of present available analytical and mathematical solutions will be a very difficult problem. By combining of the in-plane and out-of-plane seismic motions the complexity of the piles row-sandy slope dynamic interaction problem will increase and in the some cases presenting analytical and closed-form solutions can be impossilble. The alternating solutions for solving these complex problems proposed by the present paper are the simultaneous using of numerical and shaking table physical modeling for understanding the precise details and ambiguities of the problem in the complete scientific and practical-empirical frameworks. The results of present study show that installing a row of floating piles similar to the end-bearing piles row can reduce the displacements of loose dry sandy slope and through this manner the seismic stability of slope against the local and general failures increased. In the present paper despite of increasing the directions of seismic loading from one-direction to the two-directions the installed floating piles row sufficiently played their roles in the reducing seismic displacements of slope. Indeed, according to the experimental-numerical results of the present paper, decreasing of slope crest settlements by installing a row of floating piles in the seismic loading cases are more than 50 percent. The results of small-scale 2DOF geotechnical shaking table physical model were used to verification of the obtained 3D numerical results. There is a good agreement between the numerical and physical models results.

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Water increases in slope layers induced failure of slopes. Water is the most important factor in most of the slope stability analysis. Although water does not directly lead to the slopes displacement, but is an important factor for the following reasons: (1) water increases due to rainfall and snow melt will lead to increases slope weight. (2) Water can change the angle of slope (angle of slope is an angle that slope is stable in this angle). (3) Water can be absorbed or excreted by minerals are available in the soil. After adding the water, the weight of the rock and soil increases. (4) Water can dissolve the cement between the seeds and cohesion between the seeds is lost. In this paper, the feasibility of using piles to stabilize layered earth slopes were studied. A set of physical modeling of foundations was performed adjacent to layered slopes. The deformation pattern and shear strains of soil near slope and below surcharge load were studied. For this purpose, a comprehensive set of tests and numerical analysis were undertaken on different slope models. In each step of loading, digital image of deformed soil was captured and image processing was applied with GeoPIV software for investigation of soil deformation on slope and below the footing. the effect of pile and saturated conditions effects on improvement ratio (safety factor of stabilized slope with pile / safety factor of the slope stability without piles), bearing capacity of foundations, slope stability and slip surface shape in layered slope were investigated. The results show that the slip surface of layered slopes differs depending strongly on the installed pile positions and layered saturation conditions. In consideration of the model tests and numerical analysis results, it is found that, when clayey layer was near ground surface, changes in clayey layers water content significantly affected on slip surface and layered slope stability. Consideration of slipe surface shape for different layers saturation canditions, it is found, saturation of below layers which is located below the slip surface, has not significant effects on slope stability and slip surface shape. But with increasing upper layers water content, large volume of soil were failed. Experimental and numerical results show, for stable slope before applied surcharge load or before water content increases, critical slipe surface occurred in front the installed pile. But for unstable slope, critical slip surface positions depend on layers saturation and soil properties and occurred in front or behind or in upper and lower part of pile. In general The critical slip surface location dependent on water table level conditions and location of pile. Also from the experimental and numerical results it is found, the optimum location of pile for increasing bearing capacity of foundation which is located on slope crest, is near slope crest and maximum magnitude of Bearing capacity ratio ((bearing capacity of reinforced slope/ bearing capacity of non- reinforced slope)(BCR)) was obtained when piles installed near slope crest. Also optimum location of pile for increasing slope stability are found near mid of slope. A close agreement between the experimental and numerical results in Failure mechanism and the critical values of the studied parameters is observed

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Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a sterile species and biotechnological method is suggested to improve different characteristic in this valuable plant. In this study, an efficient protocol was provided for callus induction and regeneration of saffron using thin cell layer explants. Longitudinally and transversally, thin cell layer explants with approximately 1 mm thickness of apical buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-BenzylAminoPurine (BAP) and 1-NaphthaleneAcetic Acid (NAA). The highest amount of callus induction (100%) was obtained from transverse thin cell layer explants of apical bud in MS medium containing 2 mg L^-1 BAP and 2 mg L^-1 NAA during 3 months incubation under dark condition at 20°C. The maximum percent of shoot regeneration (75%) was observed on the MS medium containing 0.5 mg L^-1 BAP. The results of this investigation revealed that the thin cell layers from buds are suitable explants for regeneration.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the metaphorical conceptualization of "death" in the Novel "I am alive" by Masoumeh Abad (2014) to find out how a teenage girl who was held captive by the Ba'athist regime in Iraq for 4 years, perceive  and represent the phenomenon of death. This analysis has been done within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999; Lakoff, 1993) and the findings of the research reveal that the authors have used various conceptual domains including school, fighting, entertainment, journey, disease, natural phenomena, beverage, reward, key, as well as the cognitive mechanisms of personification, animism, and Objectification, all of which are based on metaphor to express the concept of death.
 

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The biological procedure used to determine the nitrogen-corrected True Metabolizable Energy (TMEn) value of feed ingredient is costly and time consuming. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative method to accurately estimate the TMEn content. In this study, 2 methods of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were developed to describe the TMEn (Kcal kg^-1 DM) value on a Dry Matter (DM) basis of Wheat Bran (WB) samples given their chemical composition of Ether Extract (EE), ash, Crude Protein (CP) and Crude Fiber (CF) contents (all used as % of DM). A data set containing 100 WB samples were used to determine chemical composition and TMEn. Accuracy and precision of the developed models were evaluated given their produced prediction values. The results revealed that the developed ANN model [R²= 0.90; Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)= 64.07 Kcal kg^-1 DM for training set; and R²= 0.89; RMSE= 82.69 Kcal kg^-1 DM for testing set] produced relatively better prediction values of TMEn in WB than those produced by conventional MLR [R²= 0.81; RMSE= 86.76 Kcal kg^-1 DM for training set; and R²= 0.84; RMSE= 86.61 Kcal kg^-1 DM for testing set]. The developed ANN model may be considered as a promising tool for modeling the relationship between chemical composition and energy of WB samples. To provide the users with an easy and rapid tool, an Excel^® calculator, namely, ANN_WB_ME_Poultry, was created to predict the TMEn values in WB sample given its chemical composition and using the developed ANN model.

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In the organizational world, women have more opportunities to participate and compete with men. Despite the increasing participation of women in organizations, the advancement and entry of women into high positions faces obstacles known as the glass ceiling. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying barriers to the promotion of women using the qualitative Q method in the National Iranian Oil Company. Q statement were explored through 19 selected studies based on research protocols and media sources such as publications, newspapers, television programs, and conversations with experts and elites. Then, a questionnaire consisting of 39 cards and an answer sheet (Q diagram) was given to 43 experts who expressed their opinion based on a range of strongly agree (+4) to strongly disagree (4-). The collected data were analyzed by Q-type explorative factor analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that there are seven perceptions and mental groups about the obstacles faced by women in achieving managerial positions. In these mental models, the statements “less skill of women in political games”, “less ability of women to bear the psychological pressures of managerial jobs”, “family priority over work for women”, “Womenchr('39')s dependence on men in terms of geography and place of residence” “need a flexible work plan” were among the most important barriers to womenchr('39')s career advancement.