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An advance cooling method for buildings is use of radiant cooling system, which is not only economically feasible but also enhances thermal comfort for occupants. In this numerical study the flow and temperature fields in a room equipped with radiant cooling panel, either on the ceiling or on the wall, are studied. Outside summer design temperatures of Tehran and Semnan have been considered and to model the presence of an occupant a cube is placed in the center of the room with its external walls having constant heat flux. The results show that the vertical and horizontal temperature distributions become uniform and the maximum absolute air speed is around 0.2 m/s. The share of radiation heat transfer to the ceiling or the wall cooling panel is at least 58% or 65%, respectively, which increases due to presence of a human model. The net radiation decreases by increasing the panel temperature, but increases by increasing the outside temperature. The wall cooling uses less energy and regarding temperature and velocity distribution provides a better comfort condition

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Nanotechnology mainly shows its inhibitory effect on the tumor microenvironment by modulating the immune suppression mechanism. Success in this field largely depends on the physicochemical characterization of nanoparticle vaccines. The goal of this study was to produce anti PD-L1 monoclonal antibody decorated nanoparticles containing linrodostat mesylate with desirable properties and to investigate their physicochemical characterization .
Nanoparticles were prepared using double emulsion-solvent_evaporation method. Size and morphology of the particles were investigated using the FESEM microscope method and polydispersity index and zeta potential of the particles using the DLS method, as well as release rate and encapsulation efficiency.
The research results showed that nanoparticles had a suitable uniform dispersion. In the group of nanoparticles containing linrodostat mesylate, the polydispersity index of particles was 0.06 and after the binding of anti-PDL1 monoclonal antibody was 0.24. All particles were spherical with a smooth surface. The ideal particle size for nanoparticles containing linrodostat mesylate was estimated to be 210.14 nm, and it was estimated to be about 270.35 nm after binding anti-PDL1 monoclonal antibody to nanoparticles. Binding of anti-PDL1 monoclonal antibody decreased the amount of encapsulated linrodostat mesylate. The release of linrodostat mesylate was biphasic, it has an initial phase with a steep slope and the next phase is a slow and controlled release.
The results showed that the vaccine based on nanoparticles produced by the double emulsion-solvent-evaporation method containing linrodostat mesylate and decorated with anti-PDL-1 monoclonal antibody has very suitable physicochemical characterization to be used as an immunotherapy vaccine.

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In this study, the effects of magnetic field on the flow field, heat transfer and entropy generation of Cu-water nanofluid mixed convection in a trapezoidal enclosure have been investigated, numerically. The side walls of the cavity are insulated, the top lid is cold and moving toward right or left and bottom wall is hot and the side walls angle from the horizon is 45˚. The results showed that with imposing the magnetic field and enhancing it, the nanofluid convection and the strength of flow decrease and the flow tends toward natural convection and finally toward pure conduction. For this reason, for all of the considered Reynolds numbers and volume fractions, by increasing the Hartmann number the average Nusselt number decreases. Furthermore, for any case with constant Reynolds and Hartmann numbers by increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles the maximum stream function decreases. For all of the studied cases, entropy generation due to friction is negligible and the total entropy generation is mainly due to irreversibility associated with heat transfer and variation of the total entropy generation with Hartmann number is similar to that of the average Nusselt number. With change in lid movement direction at Reynolds number of 30 the average Nusselt number and total entropy generation are changed, but at Reynolds number of 1000 it has a negligible effect.

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To address the continuously increasing demand for high data rates, beside air interface technologies, there are requirements to introduce new and effective ways to design architecture of networks. This paper proposes several technologies which can be used as promising candidates to change the future of wireless communication architecture especially in Fifth generation (5G) wireless network. In this article, we discuss various promising cellular architectures such as full duplex communication, device-to-device communication, mobile femtocell, visible light communication and visualization in 5G.

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Due to the influence of Internet and mobile service in every part of our lives in addition to pervasive demand for them, next generation wireless networks should be able to address different kind of objectives or demands. New generation of cellular networks must achieve high user quality of experience (QoE) in order to satisfy the user demands and survive in market. To meet this demands, drastic revision need to be made in previous network architecture. This paper reviews some of the key technologies which are emerged to improve future network architecture and meet the demands of users, especially in Fifth generation (5G) cellular network. In this paper, the prime focus is on the air interface of 5G
which includes millimeter wave communication, multiple access technologies, carrier aggregation (CA), and massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO).

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present study is done to evaluate the effect of parameters like trip strip installation, free stream velocity, geometery of model nose (SUBBOF nose and DRDC nose) and putting up model in pitch and yaw angle, on drag coefficient. also the effect of stand geometry of an axially symmetric model in wind tunnel on wake flow structure and drag coefficient in zero and ten degree angles of attack was investigated. choosing best distance behind the model for data acquisition in order to calculate drag coefficient under consideration of turbulence effects in one dimension is the other item to investigate in present study. all experiments have been done in an open circuit wind tunnel at university of Yazd and data acquisitions has been done with a one dimensional hot wire. according to calculations installation of trip strip enhanced drag coefficient in all cases. also drag coefficient decreased with increasing free stream velocity. putting up the model in pitch and yaw angle of attack increased drag coefficient. between two nose shapes that examined, the SUBBOF nose shape choosed as suitable nose. a stand with NACA0012-64 geometry and Rod stand were selected as the most appropriate stands for zero and 10 degree angles of attack.

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One of the main difficulties in employing fully coupled algorithms for solving Navier-Stokes equations is the high computation cost of coefficient matrix determination and solving the linear equation system. Therefore, the number of required iterations and computational costs may be reduced by increasing the convergence rate. This article deals with the formulation and testing of an improved fully coupled algorithm based on physical influence scheme (PIS) for the solution of incompressible fluid flow on cell-centred grid. The discretisation of improved algorithm is investigated and fully clarified, by comparing the methodology with two similar schemes. For a better insight, two benchmark problems are solved. The first problem is a steady lid-driven cavity with different Reynolds numbers between 100 and 10000. The second problem is steady flow over a backward facing step for the specified Reynolds number of 800. The history of residuals for present and previous methods are compared, in order to demonstrate the performance of the new discretization scheme. It is worth mentioning, the presented method is based on nine cells discretization. Therefore, the computational costs and memory usage of the proposed method are almost the same as previous ones. The results indicate that, the improved method converges in fewer iterations in comparison with prior methods. The new scheme can be utilized for development of the computational fluid dynamics solvers based on cell-centred grid arrangement.

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In this experimental study dynamic viscosity of hybrid engine oil (5w-50)-Cuo-MWCNT nanofluid for volume fractions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 percent of nanoparticles for temperatures of 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 °C has been measured. This hybrid nanofluid has been prepared utilizing the two steps method. For viscosity measurement, the Brookfield viscometer has been used. The experimental measurments indicate that by increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles the viscosity increases; also by increasing the temperature the viscosity decreases. Based on the experimental results the maximum and minimum viscosity increases with volume fraction increase from 0.05 to 1 at a constant tempearture are 35.52 and 12.92 percent, respectively, relating to 55 and 15 °C. Measurement of the nanofluid viscosity with different volume fractions, shear rates and tempeartures indicate its Newtonian behavior. A new temperature and volume fraction dependent viscosity correlation, developed in this study to be used in numerical simulations, shows very good agreement with experimental results.

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In the present work, numerical simulation of steady, compressible and supersonic airflow in a magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) generator has been studied. This flow considered to be ideal with low magnetic Reynolds number. A two-dimensional channel with four-pair electrodes and with various geometries and boundary conditions were utilized as a MHD Faraday generator model. The computational model consists of the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with electromagnetic source terms, Maxwell's equations and Ohm's law. Implicit based on density solver is used to solve the Navier-Stokes and the electric potential method is used to solve the Poisson's equation. First, the boundary conditions of constant temperature and constant heat flux were compared. Due to the less Joule heating and generation of higher electrical power, constant heat flux boundary condition was selected to continue working.

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The Seismic analysis of concrete dams had been considered in an ideal form by means of two dimensional Monoliths in analyse and design procedures and structures had been subjected to ground motions with defining seismic coefficient. Lately, the research focus, however, has been more on linear time history analytics and fracture analysis of concrete dams in 3D space. With the advancement of knowledge in the field of earthquake engineering and the development of more precise methods for estimating the intensity of possible earthquakes, The methods of analyzing and evaluating the seismicity of the structures have been improved and the effects of more parameters can be considered in assessing the risk of each structure. In the present study, the seismic response of a concrete arch-gravity dam under the influence of earthquake stimulation is investigated in a three dimensional finite element analysis. The effects of dam-reservoir-foundation interactions are considered and the nonlinear behavior of the concrete and also the different patterns of the arc radius of the dam are studied. Finally, the contribution of response of each of the sustainability factors to seismic stimulation is evaluated. The Seismic analysis of concrete dams had been considered in an ideal form by means of two dimensional Monoliths in analyse and design procedures and structures had been subjected to ground motions with defining seismic coefficient. Lately, the research focus, however, has been more on linear time history analytics and fracture analysis of concrete dams in 3D space. With the advancement of knowledge in the field of earthquake engineering and the development of more precise methods for estimating the intensity of possible earthquakes, The methods of analyzing and evaluating the seismicity of the structures have been improved and the effects of more parameters can be considered in assessing the risk of each structure. In the present study, the seismic response of a concrete arch-gravity dam under the influence of earthquake stimulation is investigated in a three dimensional finite element analysis. The effects of dam-reservoir-foundation interactions are considered and the nonlinear behavior of the concrete and also the different patterns of the arc radius of the dam are studied. Finally, the contribution of response of each of the sustainability factors to seismic stimulation is evaluated. The Seismic analysis of concrete dams had been considered in an ideal form by means of two dimensional Monoliths in analyse and design procedures and structures had been subjected to ground motions with defining seismic coefficient. Lately, the research focus, however, has been more on linear time history analytics and fracture analysis of concrete dams in 3D space. With the advancement of knowledge in the field of earthquake engineering and the development of more precise methods for estimating the intensity of possible earthquakes, The methods of analyzing and evaluating the seismicity of the structures have been improved and the effects of more parameters can be considered in assessing the risk of each structure. In the present study, the seismic response of a concrete arch-gravity dam under the influence of earthquake stimulation is investigated in a three dimensional finite element analysis. The effects of dam-reservoir-foundation interactions are considered and the nonlinear behavior of the concrete and also the different patterns of the arc radius of the dam are studied. Finally, the contribution of response of each of the sustainability factors to seismic stimulation is evaluated.

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The low amount of pollutant and smooth way of transition of some fuels such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG) for usage in cars have always been the concern of some consumers. Duo to the storage of this fuel with a pressure of 8 to 10 bar in non-standard tanks, there is a possibility of risk and danger likewise explosion and fire. In this article, the scenario of fire-caught car that caused the Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) and the formation of a fireball with a diameter of 19.14 meters has been investigated. The effect of pressure in the 60-liter tank and then the effect of radiation in the incident have been modeled. accordingly The results have illustrated the fact that until 2 meters from the liquid gas tank explosion site, the pressure continues up to 8 bar, and the radiation effect reaches 4 bar in a distance of 48 meters from the center of the accident, and in a distance of 14.60 meters, the amount of thermal radiation reaches 37.5 kilowatts per square meter, which it is very worrying. By considering the pressure and thermal radiation effects, the safe distance and the amount of damage are predicted. The results can be used to improve safety and revise the construction of LPG tanks to reduce losses.