---

Comparative mythology partly is a one of the modern courses, which have been used broadly from the second mid-nineteenth century. On the one hand, the relation of this approach has become firm in the comparative literature, and fixed in the mythical critic, on the other. Though at first, the necessity recognition of world's nations myths was introduced widely and comparatively by the European’s and broad researches were done by them, especially in the field of European nations (Rome and Greek's) myths, but the extent of this approach in the Islamic nation's myths did not progress, except of some small and separated surveys on myth motives. In 2000 AD, Hossein Mojib Al-Mesri, by understanding this poverty research, in “Comparative research in Arab, Iran and Turk's myths”, took the first step in comparison of Iranian, Arabic and Turkish's myths. It is wonderful that, even after a decade, researches did not refer to this. Mojib Al-Mesri, in this comparative research, has studied every Iranian, Arabic and Turkish's myths in three separate parts. However, this book does not operate according to the twentieth century mythical critic approach, but in Iran's myths study, it exhibits modern conclusions and achievements in comparative mythology and in this way, compares unfamiliar Arabic and Turkish's myths with similar Iranian samples that have not been studied in any research so far. This paper has tried firstly to clarify the myth relation and functioning of mythology in comparative literature and  then  introduce  Hossein Mojib Al-Mesri's achievements. Then in a more limited scope, it reviews his theories that he received from Iran's myths. In the end, it shows the existing common points between Persian myths with Arabic and Turkish samples in two sections of religious and historical myths. The purpose of this essay is revealing the potential capabilities of Islamic nations' myths. It also recommend the necessary changes, which must occur in one-sided and unilateral views of Iranian or Non Iranian mythologists.

---

Aim: This is a cross- sectional study to assess low back pain preventive behaviors among Iranians nursing aides who provide direct patient care in hospitals. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) comprise significant occupational injuries and disabilities within the nursing profession. Studies show that implementing a safe patient handling can prevent low back pain among nursing aides. Methods: This study was conducted in Qom (Iran) in 2015 with a sample of 452 eligible nursing aides working in six educational hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire with 29 questions in two sections of demographic questions (17 items), and low back pain preventive behaviors were adopted from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines for nurses (12 items). Findings: Totally, 452 nursing aides suffering from chronic low back pain participated in the study, which included 289 males (63.9%) and 163 females (36.6%) with mean age of 37.71 (SD = 8.3) years. The mean score of applying low back pain preventive behaviors was 32.9 ± 7.7. Fifty nine participants (13.1%) had poor behavior scores, 251 participants (55.5 %) obtained average scores, and 142 participants (31.4 %) achieved acceptable scores due to their preventive behaviors. The majority of the studied nursing aides (68.6%) did not consistently perform safe patient handling. Conclusion: This study showed that most nursing aides had low preventive behaviors regarding maintaining their body mechanics. Thus, evaluating the causes of failing to do safe behaviors /safe patient handling  is strongly recommended in Iran.

---

---

Aims: COVID-19 has affected a worldwide population, causing more than a million deaths from the end of 2019 until now; so the aim of this study was to determine the symptoms of COVID-19 in the Iranian population through a teleconsultation-based service to better deal with it.
Instrument & Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that included 12125 individuals calling for COVID-19 screening and consultation from 2 March 2020 to 19 April 2020 with the census method. A telephone number was assigned for consultation with more than 70 nurses responding to first-level questions and more than 30 medical doctors responding to second-level questions. For statistical analysis, a chi-squared test and univariate logistic regression with SPSS 25 were used.
Finding: Cough was the most common complaint (41.3%), followed by shortness of breath (32.8%), and fever (31.5%). Confusion was the least common complaint (1.6%). Binary logistic regression revealed that men were at a higher risk of COVID-19 compared to women (OR:1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.55, p=0.002). In addition, older age was a risk factor for COVID-19 (OR:1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03, p<0.001). Also, significant positive correlations were found between fever, chills, sore throat, shortness of breath, cough, body ache, and gastrointestinal symptoms with COVID-19 even after adjustment for gender and age.
Conclusion: Fever, cough, and shortness of breath were the most common complaints in individuals calling for COVID-19 teleconsultation. It’s suggested that in times of crisis, such as the Covid-19 pandemic, remote sensing can be done to raise public awareness and break the transmission chain.

---

---

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of protein and DNA components of Toxoplasma gondii on maturation of dendritic cells and their efficiency in IL-12 production and proliferation of T cells. Materials and Methods: for DC generation, Bone marrow cells were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5 days. Tumor lysate and protein or DNA components of Toxoplasma gondii were added to the culture media and incubated for another 2 days. LPS was added as control for DC maturation. Proliferation of T cells were determined by MLR and IL-12 production was measured by ELISA kit. Maturation of dendritic cell were determined by flowcytometry. Results: DCs treatment with protein components of Toxoplasma gondii caused a significant increase in IL-12 production and proliferation of T cells (P<0.001). Conclusions: Different compositions of microbial body like protein and DNA components of Toxoplasma gondii can cause augmentation of antigen presentation capacity of DC and their IL-12 production capability. Among these components the protein was more effective as compared to DNA.

---

   

---

In most airbag systems, the gaseous mixture that fills up the airbag is produced by the fast combustion of a propellant in a combustion chamber called inflator. Since the process of gas production in the airbag inflator is a high-temperature combustion process, having a right understanding and precise control over the combustion in the airbag inflator has always been a challenge. In this paper, the numerical study of combustion process in a pyrotechnic inflator was carried out based on a Zero-Dimensional Multi Zones model. The parametric study show that the performance of inflator is more affected by the propellant characteristics such as mass, combustion index, and propellant temperature coefficient and is not significantly influenced by hardware elements of inflator. In order to simulate hybrid pyrotechnic inflator, the initial pressure of gas plenum was increased by 25 to 50 times. As a result, the performance both in combustion chamber and in discharge tank decreased. This lower temperature leads to a higher thermal efficiency.

---

Centrifugal pumps performance is highly affected by working fluid viscosity. So, optimization of such pumps for pumping of viscose fluids is very important. In the present paper, multi-objective optimization of the centrifugal pumps is performed to obtain optimum impellers for pumping fluids with various viscosities at different volumetric flow rates. In this way, theoretical head and impeller hydraulic losses are considered as objective functions. Design variables defined in this optimization problem are passage width of impeller and outlet angle of blade. Diagrams of Pareto fronts and Pareto sets are extracted for different viscosities and different volumetric flow rates. Some trade-off optimum design points are selected from all non-dominated points using three different methods namely break point, TOPSIS and near to ideal point. Such methods are defined completely and employed to achieve compromising point successfully. Obtained optimum points contain interesting results which cannot be achieve without using proposed multi-objective optimization approach.

---

Heat pipe is an effective device for heat transferring. Using nanofluid as working fluid can significantly increase heat pipe thermal performance. But rate of the performance improvement, is dependent on parameters of the suspended nanoparticles in nanofluid. In this article, for the first time by considering nanoparticle volume fractions and diameters as design variables and the difference between the wall temperature of evaporator and condenser and liquid pressure drop as objective functions, the heat pipe performance has optimized. The used heat pipe is a cylindrical heat pipe with nanofluid as working fluid. Heat pipe thermal performance while using nanofluid has modeled by CFD method and then GEvoM has used to relate between design variables and objective functions. Using the modified NSGAII approach, pareto front has plotted and the values of recommended optimum points has obtained by mapping method. Recommended design points unveil interesting and important optimal design principles that would not have been obtained without the use of a multi-objective optimization approach.

---

In this paper, the sound behavior of a double walled composite with an intermediate porous layer has been conducted using the classical laminated plate theory (CLPT). The main objective of the paper is devoted to considering the analytical study of various boundaries on porous layers as well as parameter study on power transmission through the structure. Thus, viscous and inertia coupling in a dynamic equation, as well as stress transfer, thermal and elastic coupling of porous material are considered based on Biot theory. In addition, the equation of wave propagation are extracted according to vibration equation of composite layers. Then, with applying the various boundaries on the structures along with solving these equations simultaneously, the Transmission Loss (TL) is calculated. The analytical results are compared with both numerical ones obtained from Statistical energy Analysis (SEA) as well as empirical results and an excellent agreement is observed. The parametric studies are presented to investigate the effects of boundary conditions on TL. The results indicate that the interface of porous-composite layers as well as stacking sequences of the composite layers would play an important role in reduction of power transmission through the structure.

---

In this study, a three-dimensional fluid field of an axial flow type micro hydro named Agnew has been investigated. The turbine installed at the Hydrulic Machines Laboratory (HML) of Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology has been designed to generate 1 kw output power.All numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS CFX, a Computational Fluid Dynamic code, to investigate the performance parameters, such as efficiency and power, and results are validated against experimental data. Four different grid sizes are studied in accordance with the Grid Convergence Index (GCI) to investigate mesh independency of the solution. Results of several turbulence models were also examined to find out the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model in order to take into account the turbulence in the flow. Several turbulence models were also examined together with wall function in order to take into account the turbulence in the flow. A mixing plane interface plane was used to pass the disturbance of rotary domain to stationary domain. The obtained results show that a high resolution advection scheme, mixing plane to model the rotor-stator interaction together with a turbulence intensity of I=6% at the inlet, best matches with the experimental results. The difference between the efficiencies computed from both numerical approaches and experimental values may be ascribed to a numerical error, a model error or a systematic error.

---

In this paper, the static stiffness and strength as well as fatigue life of adhesively bonded single lap joint (SLJ) are numerically studied using the cohesive zone model (CZM). In order to simulation of the SLJ using mixed-mode bi-linear CZM, the failure behavior of adhesive in modes II and III is considered the same. Fatigue damage propagation is simulated through scripting USDFLD Subroutine in ABAQUS/Standard. Static stiffness and strength and fatigue life obtained in this study are consistent with experimental results available in literature. Then, the effect of geometric parameters including overlap length, substrate thickness, and tapered substrates are investigated. The obtained results reveal that the increase of the overlap length would lead to increase the static strength and fatigue life prediction. While increasing substrate thickness results improved fatigue life, there are no a known relation between the static strength and substrate thickness due to the changes of the loading modes. Tapered substrates have also positive effect on the strength and fatigue life because of more compatible rotations. Therefore, to improve the strength and fatigue life of a SLJ, authors suggest greater overlap length and thickness along with tapered substrates.

---

Industrial lemon juice may contain unauthorized additives that can lead to various diseases in society. As a result, it is highly important to use effective methods to identify the fake lemon juice. In this study, for the first time in our country, detection of cheating in industrial lemon juice in Golestan province is presented by analyzing organic acids, including citric acid, isocytic acid, malic acid, and also determining the ratio between citric acid and isocytic acid using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed by analyzing natural lemon juice samples. The limits of detection and quantification were 2 and 5, 0.02 and 0.05, 0.2 and 0.5 mg L^-1 for citric acid, isocytic acid, malic acid, respectively. Industrial lemon juice samples were selected from commercially available brands, and fake samples were detected by comparison of the amounts of organic acids with the authorized values set by the European Standard. The results showed that the proposed method is very effective and sensitive in detecting cheating samples of industrial lemon juice.
 

---

Cold roll bonding process is one methods for production of multi-layered sheets with same and dissimilar materials that, in the past decade has been attention of many researchers. In this research, for the first time and according to ASTM-E561 and using compact tension specimens investigated plane stress fracture toughness for thin for two layers of aluminum sheets produced by Cold Roll Bonding Process. The fracture toughness is an important parameter in the design that their analysis can predict crack growth and life for material has crack. In addition to the fracture toughness, mechanical properties and tensile fracture surfaces were evaluated by using of uni-axial tensile test, micro hardness and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results of these test demonstrated that value of tensile strength, micro hardness and plane stress fracture toughness for two layers of aluminum sheets produced by Cold Roll Bonding process is far more than annealed sample that compared to the initial sheet respectively 150%, 80% and 51% improved. But value of elongation decreased. Also results of SEM demonstrated that dimples shallower and smaller than the initial sample that this factor confirmed increasing strength and reducing ductility. Of course the main role of this variation, applying high strain and cold working plays.

---

In recent years, metallic multilayer material have been attention of many researchers and different industries. Cold roll bonding is one of the method for produce layered composite that compared to other composite manufacturing methods are more economically and have the ability to produce layered composite with different material. In this research, for the first time and according to ASTM-E561 and using compact tension specimens investigated plane stress fracture toughness for thin three-layer Al/Cu/Al composite sheets produced by Cold Roll Bonding Process. The fracture toughness is an important parameter in the design that their analysis can predict crack growth and life for material has crack. In addition to the fracture toughness, mechanical properties and tensile fracture surfaces were evaluated by using of uni-axial tensile test, micro hardness and scanning electron and optic microscopy, respectively. Results of carried out tests, showed the value of tensile strength, microhardness and fracture toughness for Al/Cu/Al layered composite compared to initial Al 5052 and pure Cu, increased that the main cause of this increase is applied high strain and cold working. Value of fracture toughness for Al/Cu/Al layered composite received 38.7MPa.m1/2 that compared to initial Al5052 and pure Cu, 81% and 165% enhanced, respectively. Results of SEM demonstrated that ductile fracture mechanism govern for Al/Cu/Al composite such as initial samples, but the difference is that dimples for composite layers shallower and smaller compared to initial samples.

---

Inducers are important devices which are mounted upstream of the inlet to the main impeller of the centrifugal pump to achieve higher suction performance and rotate with the same speed as the impeller. Inducers improve the hydraulic performance and lifespan of the pump through increasing the inlet pressure, but the quantity of the improvement is dependent on the geometrical parameters of the inducer. Therefore, the optimization of these parameters is crucial. In the present study, the performance of an inducer is optimized by considering the inlet tip blade angle, the outlet tip blade angle and the ratio of the outlet hub radius to inlet hub radius as design variables and the head coefficient, the hydraulic efficiency and the required net positive suction head as objective functions. The inducer performance is simulated using 3-D computational fluid dynamics and compared with experimental data which shows the validity of the used method and assumptions. The artificial neural network is used to relate between design variables and objective functions. Then, the Pareto fronts are plotted using the modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and the proposed optimum points are presented using nearest point to the ideal point method. Using multi objective optimization, the head coefficient, the hydraulic efficiency and the net positive suction head are improved 14.3%, 0.3% and 30.2%, respectively. Recommended design points unveil important optimal design principles that would not have been obtained without the use of a multi objective optimization approach.

---

Shape and topology optimization have become one of the main researches that is widely used in engineering fields. The purpose of topology optimization is to find an appropriate (optimal) distribution of materials in the design domain so that the shape and number of voids is optimized and the objective function is minimized or maximized. In recent decades, noticeable researches and various topology optimization methods were proposed. The level set method is being used successfully in structural shape and topology optimization. This method is an implicit method for moving interior and exterior boundaries, while these boundaries may join together during the process and new voids may be formed. The structural boundary is illustrated by the zero level set and nonzero in the domain. In the above context, the level set function is used as a switch to distinguish between the two domains present in the computing space. This way of illustration has an important feature by which the domain boundaries can be combined together or divided. By using the solution of Hamilton-Jacobi equation resulting from this function, the domain’s boundary starts to move. The control over movement of this boundary is done by velocity vector of Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Now, in order to use this method in topology optimization, it is sufficient to establish a relationship between velocity vector of Hamilton-Jacobi and shape derivation, which is used for optimizing objective function. It is possible to use standard level set for structural topology optimization.
In this paper, the spherical Hankel basis functions are used to optimize the structural topology using the level set method. The proposed functions are a combination of the first and second kind of Bessel functions fields as well as the polynomial ones in complex space and are derived from radial basis functions. Using the spherical Hankel functions, the dependence of the function of the level set method on the space and time is separated, which results in the transformation of the Hamilton-Jacobian partial differential equation into a conventional differential equation. In this way, the difficulties arising from solving partial differential equations are eliminated, and thus there is no need to re-set the function of the level set method in the optimization process. Further, in order to increase the speed and precision of convergence in creating an optimal design, the classic Lagrange shape functions are replaced with the spherical Hankel ones. The proposed shape functions have some properties such as infinite piecewise continuity, the Kronecker delta property, and the partition of unity. Moreover, since they satisfy all three polynomial fields and the first and second kind of Bessel ones in the complex space, they can be effective in improving the accuracy and speed of convergence, while the classic Lagrange shape functions are able to satisfy only the polynomial function fields. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to study the performance of the spherical Hankel radial basis and shape functions.
 

---

In this paper, a new boundary element analysis for the modeling of two-dimensional potential problems is proposed. The boundary element method is reformulated here based on spherical Hankel elements for the purpose of approximation of the state variables of the Poisson and Laplace differential equations (potentials and fluxes). Spherical Hankel function is obtained by combing Bessel function of the first (similar to J-Bessel ones) and second (also called Neumann functions) kind so that the properties of both mentioned functions will be combined and result in a robust interpolation tool. The interpolation functions of the boundary element method are obtained using the enrichment of the spherical Hankel radial basis functions. To this end, the expansion of a function in which only the spherical Hankel radial basis functions approximations are used have been given polynomial terms. Generally, radial basis function (RBF) is an efficient tool in finding the solution of non-homogeneous partial differential equations. Its main idea is the expansion of non-homogeneous term by its values in interpolation nodes, based on Euclidean norm that leads to obtaining a particular solution. Although the J-Bessel RBF contains the features of the first kind of Bessel function, it usually cannot represent the full properties of a physical phenomenon. Therefore, using the combination of the first and second kind of Bessel function in complex space (Hankel function) may lead to more accurate and robust results. In other words, the solution of Bessel equation can be referred as a prominent usage of both first and second kind of Bessel, which shows that using them together may result in more accuracy and robustness. The aforementioned discussion brings this matter to mind whether it is possible to present RBFs that benefit from both Bessel functions of the first and second kind. Therefore, by the idea of combining spherical Hankel in imaginary space, enrichment of them for a three-node element in the natural coordinate system is explained in this paper. Moreover, the algebraic manipulations and formulations are reduced because of profiting from the advantages of complex number space in functional space. It is also possible for the proposed shape function to satisfy both Bessel function fields and polynomial functions, unlike classic Lagrange shape functions that only satisfy the polynomial function fields. Moreover, the proposed shape functions benefit from the infinite piecewise continuous property, which does not exist in the classic Lagrange shape functions with limited continuity. The spherical Hankel function of the first kind has a strong singularity in its imaginary part, the spherical Neumann function. This issue results in the fact that when the Euclidean norm tends to zero, the limit does not exist. In the following, an extra term with power  is applied to remove this singularity. After the elimination of the singularity, the limit state of coinciding source point and field point is calculated. In the end, to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed shape functions, several numerical examples are solved and compared with the analytical results as well as those obtained by classic Lagrange shape functions. The numerical results show that the proposed Hankel shape functions represent more accurate solutions, using fewer degrees of freedom, in comparison with classic Lagrange shape functions.

---

The optimal design of multilayer substrates containing the cutout under compression is very important to achieve maximum buckling resistance in comparison with structural weight, especially in aerospace structures. In this study, buckling and post-buckling behavior of composite laminated plates with orthogonal and symmetrical layup containing the cutout with different diameters has been investigated experimentally, semi-analytically, and numerically. To study the buckling of the composite plate with cutout semi-analytically, a finite strip method is developed. A finite element method was used for numerical analysis. The required material parameters for modeling were obtained from standard tests. The results of the current study show that the size of diameter of cutout does not have considerable effect on elastic rigidity of plate, but the buckling load significantly decreases by increasing cutout diameter. Also, buckling load and elastic rigidity of plate are considerably increased by increasing the number of composite layers. The thickness of plate has more effect on buckling load than the diameter of hole. Studies show that there is a good match between the results of buckling behavior derived from semi-analytical and finite element methods with experimental results.