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The aim of present study is to investigate the kinematics of tool-workpiece’s relative movement in conventional and ultrasonic-vibration assisted turning (UAT). The kinematic analysis of UAT shows that the movement of cutting tool edge relative to the workpiece resulted from the cutting speed, feed speed and tool’s vibration affects the lateral machined surface of workepiece and leaves a repeating pattern of crushed and toothed regions on it. This results in an increase in the surface hardness of the lateral machined surface in comparison with conventional turning (CT). A model of the tool-workpiece’s relative movement has first been developed in the present study. This model predicts a surface hardening effect for the lateral surface in UAT in comparison with CT. Several experiments were subsequently carried out employing a surface micro-hardness testing machine and an optical microscope to verify the predicted results.

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The non-reproducibility of the measured results of a piece by reference laboratories is a problem that often causes differences of opinion in production workshops and doubts about the adjustment of production devices with the results provided by laboratories. In this paper, the effect of geometric parameters created by machining on the ability to measure control tools through statistical techniques of quality engineering is investigated, so that first a piece was subjected to drilling and machining, after measurements The exact diameter of the hole with geometric deviation was determined to be cylindrical error to 0.01 mm. Then it was examined with two common measuring systems of air gauge and coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and the capability of the instruments was calculated as follows through the mini-tab software. Capability of air gauge (Cg) in measuring the diameter of hole was 0.27 and capability of CMM device in controlling the said diameter was 0.28. After removing the scattering caused by geometric parameters to calculate the ability of measuring instruments, The power of the instruments was improved to 1.20 in the wind gauge and 1.05 in the CMM and finally, by removing or reducing the geometrical error of the work piece, the repeatability (VARIATION) and the ability of both measurement systems are improved to many times.

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Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are such as smart materials which under applied voltage will be deformed and they have a broad application prospect. On the other hand, increase of surface area of this composite is directly related to bonding between electrode and polymer, as a result, polymer surface morphology is highly important, therefore, the effect of micro-blasting on the dynamic response of the composite beam is investigated. In this research, a membrane from ionic–polymer-metal composites are manufactured. Its main core is based on an electroactive core named Nafion and the electrodes are made of metals such as Platinum which is a noble metal. Then a transient voltage applied to the ionic–polymer-metal composite which was 1 volt and the displacements are measured experimentally. Finally, by the effect of micro-blasting as a surface treatment technique on the composite and comparing experimental results, a suitable equation is proposed for the behavior of this actuator under transient voltage.
 

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The non-reproducibility of the measured results of a work piece by reference laboratories is a problem that often causes differences of opinion in production workshops and doubts about the adjustment of production devices with the results provided by laboratories. In this paper, the effect of geometric parameters created by machining on the ability to measure control tools through statistical techniques of quality engineering is investigated, so that first a piece was subjected to drilling and machining, after measurements The exact diameter of the hole with geometric deviation was determined to be cylindrical error to 0.01 mm. Then it was examined with two common measuring systems of air gauge and coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and the capability of the instruments was calculated as follows through the mini-tab software. Capability of air gauge (Cg) in measuring the diameter of hole was 0.27 and capability of CMM device in controlling the said diameter was 0.28. After removing the scattering caused by geometric parameters to calculate the ability of measuring instruments, The power of the instruments was improved to 1.20 in the wind gauge and 1.05 in the CMM and finally, by removing or reducing the geometrical error of the work piece, It should be noted that in this study, after removing the error of workpiece the lack of repeatability in the air gauge increased from 74% to 16.66% and in the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) from 70.80% to 19.13%.

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Ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling is a new technique, and one of the modern and promising processes for drilling metals, especially metal alloys with low machinability. In this paper, a set of laboratory tests is used to investigate the effect of using ultrasonic vibrations on the force required for drilling of the thin aluminum specimens. For this purpose, three aluminum workpieces with different thickness are drilled under three different rotation speeds, and four different penetration rates. The results showed that in two aluminum workpieces, 1 and 1.5 mm, the use of ultrasonic vibrations generally reduced the axial force, but in the 2 mm workpiece, it is impossible to understand a meaningful effect of applying ultrasonic vibrations. In other words, it can be said that adding ultrasonic vibrations with constant amplitude and frequency does not have the same effect on drilling in different conditions, and to reach the most efficient drilling; the characteristics of optimal vibration should be studied.