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Due to increasing global pressure on the environment caused by human interventions, the studies on interaction of traditional building and their components with nature has been increased. These studies attempt to identify natural building design and determine how to use them in the climatic design of today's architectural design. Building performance simulation enables the examination of the effectiveness of innovative energy efficiency measures and control strategies. Daylighting is an effective approach to allow architectural design and construction practice to have a more flexible design of building facade, and to enhance a more energy-efficient and greener building development. Energy savings resulting from daylighting not only would mean low electric-lighting and reduced-peak electrical demands, but also it means reduced cooling loads and the potential for smaller heating, ventilating and air-conditioning. The absorbed solar radiation acts to raise the surface temperatures and consequently the temperature of the adjacent air layers. This has a significant effect on the generated thermal conditions, which is, in turn, reflected on the thermal behavior of the surrounding habitable spaces. In tropical areas, especially in warm humid areas, the need for shade and air ventilation are most important factors used for the provision of thermal comfort. In climatical and morphological studies of dezful historical context, great appliance of shade and ventilation can be seen. Among the hundreds of ways to do this, one of them is using khavoon (brick work) that creates shadow on the inner and outer walls and increase visual richness of the environment. This paper attempts to understand patterns of the brick khavoon in the way they were used; and to evaluate their shadows. These patterns became 3D using schetchup software and their shadow have been prepared at different hours of day and different directions. The amount of shadow has been calculated and analyzed by the image processing, IMAGEJ software. It seems that such patterns, in different orientation, increase amount of shadow (2.5 - 4.5 times). Given the size of the hourly solar radiation on the walls in each direction, the best direction of using this patterns can be identified.

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Applying current quality management models is not proper for military research organizations relating different fields of human resource, strategic management, leadership, culture and organizational behavior. Application of these models organizations and may cause some issues for these organizations. This research paper aiming at upholding current EFQM excellence model is based on a research being hold in the military research organizations, according to which the conceptual research model was designed. The research followed an applied purpose through survey data collection method. The validity of the aspects, categories and indicators of the model was strongly confirmed by the experts. The results of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique received 336.8 out of 1000 as a general score for all localized criteria. Leadership and management, having a score of 51.7, were the highest, and resource management and shareholding were at the lowest position among the enablers. In relation to increasing values for users, the score was highest and it was the lowest for shareholders.      

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In this paper a new algorithm is presented for coherent radar detection of targets, when distribution of the interference (clutter and noise) is non-Gaussian. The Neyman-Pearson criterion is used for optimal detection and several successive received samples from a radar range cell are used for detection in the same cell. On the basis of recent empirical evidences, the interference distribution is described statistically by the correlated pseudo-Gaussian distribution which is also called SIRP. The joint pdf of the pseudo-Gaussian interference distribution is too complicated to lead to the optimum detector (or ALR detector). Therefore, a convenient approximation of its analytical solution is utilized. The obtained AALR detector outperforms the GLR detector. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is similar to the GLR detector. Since, the AALR detector-has been derived from the analytical solution of the ALR detector, its similarity to the GLR algorithm confirms the proper performance of the GLR detector. The performance of the proposed detector is also compared to the OLD and ECD detectors. Computer simulations confirm superiority of the ALR detector to the GLR detector while both are significantly better than the OLD and ECD detectors. The proposed detector completely prefers to the other detectors when the deviation of the interference distribution from Gaussian assumption is considerably high.

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Positive psychology is a new movement in psychology science that emphasis to build and deployment positive excitement to creation shield and obstacle in front of spirit disorders and the increase of happiness. This approach emphasis to the recognition of factors and nourishment of capabilities which assemble promotion health and happiness. Theoretical base of positive psychology belongs to Martin Seligman. He believed that joy includes delightful, commitments and significant life. Positive excitement which positive psychology emphasis to it, create better power for compatibility and, resiliency in confronting to the life's problems. Movlana s opinions as one of greatest Persian literature Gnostics and poets, containing to more outstanding psychology doctrine. This poet and gnostic in his massive Manavi, show most various psychotherapy methods practically.in this research has been tried to analysis in one of masnavi s story as "nomadic Arab and his poor wife", cure method as "strengths-centered counseling" which is one of the cure methods of positive psychotherapy. Until has been distinguished that movlana s opinion have many of capacity psychology in addition to literary and aesthetics capacity.

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Backgrounds: A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread to all countries of the world, including Iran. Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may be identified in patients using immunological methods with sufficient sensitivity and specificity, the conclusive diagnosis of the disease is made using the molecular RT-PCR method. A population-based seroepidemiological survey was conducted to quantify the proportion of the exposed population with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and evaluate whether the antibodies are a marker of total or partial immunity compared to the population that remains susceptible to the virus.
Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Valiasr, Sajad, and Ghaem hospitals in Tehran, the capital of Iran, from April to the end of October 2020. Clotted and heparinized blood specimens (2mL) were collected from the patients. The serum and plasma were separated and stored at −80 °C until use. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were examined in the serum samples of 1375 in-patients admitted to the hospitals using ELISA kits. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software Ver.22.0 by employing statistical tests such as Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A p-value <.05 was considered as significant.
Findings: In total, 1375 participants were enrolled in this study, and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were detected in 291 patients using IgM‐IgG antibody assay. Among the seropositive patients studied, 187 were male (64.3%), and 104 were female (35.7%) (p<.05). The mean age of the patients was 49±8.4 years; the majority of whom (27%) were in the age group of 31-40 years. Also, the lowest frequency of infected cases was related to the age group of 1-10 years (p <.05). The seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG antibodies was determined to be 21.2%. Diabetes mellitus was the most common underlying disease among SARS‐CoV‐2 patients [p=.05; Odd Ratio=1.61(0.90-2.91)].
Conclusion: The use of conventional serological assays, such as the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), for detecting specific IgM and IgG antibodies in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients has a high-throughput advantage while minimizing false-negative results obtained using the RT-PCR method. In this study, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was determined to be 21%. Control of diabetes, among other influential factors, plays an important role in the management and control of COVID-19.

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Aims: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the biggest causes of vision loss after 50 years of age in the world. AMD disease destroys the retinal pigment cells. Retinal tissue engineering provides a suitable environment for the growth of retinal pigment epithelium cells using different scaffolds. These scaffolds may cause interior pressure changes in eyes and thus, causes disease of the separation of pigment and retinal epithelial cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to simulate gelatin, gelatin-chitosan and poly-caprolactone scaffolds in the retina and compare the pressure gradient and the effect of thickness on the pressure gradient.
Materials & Methods: In the present experimental study, in the first stage, three gelatin, gelatin-chitosan and poly-caprolactone scaffolds were simulated to examine the average scaffold pressure using COMSOL 5.1.1 software and Darcy law. In the next step, a gelatin-chitosan scaffold with thicknesses of 10 and 20 micron was simulated with Darcy law, to examine the effect of thickness on average pressure.
Findings: The output pressure of the gelatin scaffold was calculated as 308.800Pa Which was less than the pressure level of the caroid layer And it was less than the output pressure of other scaffolds. The average pressure of gelatin-chitosan scaffold with thicknesses of 10 and 20 micron was 1997.31 and 2003.13 respectively in the last step.
Conclusion: The gelatin scaffold produces a moderate lower pressure than the gelatin-chitosan scaffold and poly-caprolactone in the retina and it is more suitable than other scaffolds. In the simulation of gelatin-chitosan scaffold, increasing the thickness causes increased pressure and retinal impairment.

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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural and linear polymer that finds a wide-range of applications in medicine, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals because of excellent viscoelasticity, high moisture retention capacity, high biocompatibility and non-toxicity. HA has been recently produced in industrial scale by Streptococcal species. Streptococci are nutritionally fastidious lactic acid bacteria and cannot synthesize some amino acids. Therefore, it is necessary to study and select some commercial culture media for their growth. In this study, HA production and hyaluronidase activity of S. zooepidemicus ATCC 43079 in three culture media were investigated. Regarding the detrimental effect of this enzyme on HA amount, 6-O-Palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid as hyaluronidase inhibitor was added to culture medium during fermentation. The effect of three variables consisted of glucose concentration, yeast extract concentration and medium pH each at 3 levels were considered and (response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical design of experiments to study the HA production by this strain. The results showed that maximum HA production was obtained when glucose concentration, yeast extract concentration and pH were 21.2 g L^-1, 43.6 g L^-1 and 6.6, respectively. Under optimum conditions, HA was produced as 370±15 mg L^-1 which was ~150% more than of HA concentration in basal medium (150±10 mg L^-1) and productivity reached 56.74 g L^-1 h^-1 that was increased 2 fold compared to central point.

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Aims: Today, the energy crisis has become a global problem, and all countries are involved in this crisis, so solutions with small results can lead to significant changes on a macro scale. Passive cooling strategies are a method to reduce energy consumption in buildings and help improve and promote energy management in hot climates.

Methods: The current study analysis ventilation performance related to constructing four-story buildings. Furthermore, there is a heavy investigation into the mechanical aspects of ventilation; hence this research is going to fill the gap in the architectural view of the ventilation system. The modeling uses energy software (Design-Builder).

Findings: Studies have been conducted to investigate the position of the stack, and the earth's rotation, in addition to changes in the materials of the stack in the residential area of Dezful city. The most frequent residential land size in the residential area of Dezful is 10x20 square meters. In addition, changing materials has a direct impact on stack ventilation.

Conclusion: The simulation outcomes demonstrated that material and site rotation changes could alter the stack's performance, meaning that glass can be more effective than aluminum. Still, the position of the stack in the plan does not make a significant difference in the stack's performance. The result is outstanding for architects and all people working in this field, which can be a guideline in designing energy-efficient.
 

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To determine the droplet characteristics of agricultural spray nozzles through Water Sensitive Paper (WSP), the non-circular and overlapped spots appearing on the water sensitive paper surfaces are eliminated. In the conventional approach, the procedure is done according to the subjective self determined estimation of the operator. The objective of this study was to develop a practical alternative to the conventional approach to Spot Elimination (SE) from WSP surfaces. Droplet samples were taken through application of seven different spray nozzles. Papers were placed within and outside the domain of spraying area and scanned at 600 pixels per inch resolution following their collection. The diameter and roundness values of each spot on multiple WSP samples were determined through image processing software. The overlapped spots and the non-circular ones were manually eliminated by the operator. Spot Roundness (SR) ranged from 0.051 to 6.283 and from 0.130 to 6.283 prior to, and following SE, respectively. Results indicated a linear relationship between minimum SR value and volume median diameter of the droplets. Regression analysis revealed the optimal SR variation interval to be between 0.765 and 2.356 for SE. Characteristics of the spots remaining out of this range were compatible with the characteristics of the droplets conventional SE (when the spots subjectively eliminated). When the volumetric diameters (DV) in the conventional SE approach were compared with the optimum SR variation interval (for 10, 50 and 90 percent ratios) their absolute relative error ratios and confidence intervals at 95% level of significance level found as 2.8%±1.4, 1.8%±0.9, and 3.8%±1.5, respectively.

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In this paper, by introducing of development of two approaches based on the relative map filter (RMF); it has been tried to improve simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The implementation of Extended Kalman Filter SLAM (EKF-SLAM) in large environments is not practical due to large volume of calculations. On the other hand, the observation and motion models of many robots are nonlinear and these cause the divergence of EKF-SLAM. The basis of RMF is relative distances between landmarks; therefore its equations are independent from the robot motion model. Also, the robot observation model can be linearly defined and its convergence is guaranteed. Despite these features, the relative filter proposed methods are faced with the problem of ambiguity in absolute positioning of robot and landmarks. In this article, ILPE (Improved Lowest Position Estimation) and IMVPE (Improved Minimum Variance Position Estimation) methods are introduced. In these methods, the ambiguity problem in localization and mapping of robot and landmarks are solved by sequential switching between absolute and relative spaces. The calculation volume of these methods does not depend on the number of landmarks and depends on the average number of landmarks observed in each scan of the robot. In this paper, the equations and the required algorithm to find the position of landmarks and robot are presented. Moreover by simulation, the performance and efficiency of the proposed methods are discussed in comparison with the previous methods including EKF-SLAM.

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