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Background: Preventive measures such as training and awareness and prevention skills for personal protection in the musculoskeletal areas are one of the most important strategies in health care systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on Health Belief Model (HBM) on promoting preventive behavior of musculoskeletal problems in female Afghan health workers. Material and Methods: In this study, 60 female employees of Afghanistan health ministry were selected and divided randomly into control and experimental groups (N = 30 women for each one). Data, collected through a questionnaire based on health belief model on preventive behaviors of musculoskeletal problems. The experimental group received the educational intervention for a month, and three months after the program, both groups completed a questionnaire and data were analyzed. Results: The results indicated that before the educational intervention program, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers and perform­ance. However, after the intervention, these factors significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group and also perceived barriers decreased (all P < 0. 001). Conclusion: According to this study, health education program based on Health Belief Model was an effective program on promoting preventive behaviors of musculoskeletal problems. Therefore, for successful implementation of these programs, control, monitoring and follow-up training is recommended.  

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We investigated the response of Sea Buckthorn to drought in a nursery experiment that has been studied for the first time in the world for Iranian Sea Buckthorn. Biomass and physiological differences in response to drought were compared between four Elaeagnus rhamnoides seedlings inhabited in Qazvin Province origin seeds of Iran. The experimental design included four water regimes including 2, 4, 8 and 12 days irrigation and three blocks. Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Relative Water Content (RWC), Water Potential (WP), Water Saturation Deficit (WSD), Root and shoot weight of fresh leaves were determined at the end of the watering treatment (four months). We found that drought tolerance was highly related to the plant physiology in E. rhamnoides. With the extension of drought stress from 2 to 12 days, E. rhamnoides seedlings WUE was increased; between one and second treatment, also between third and fourth treatments we observed significant difference. RWC gradually was declined with decreasing water supplies. WP was decreased, while drought was increased from first to last treatment. WSD gradually was increased by accelerating drought in all treatments. WSD values did not differ significantly between treatments three and four. Significant differences at 0.05 levels were not observed between 8 and 12 days-irrigated in both of R and S weight, but in all treatments was decreased toward drought. Our results provided new clue and new insight to study the drought-tolerant mechanism for the study species.

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Aim: The center of family around the mother and her presence or absence can effect on the emotional intelligence and mental health of students. In other words, working mothers inside or outside home have different effects on both the boy and girl students. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of students with working and non-working mothers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a population consisting of all high school girls and boys in the city (total n=140). Data were gathered by a questionnaire. After verifying the validity and reliability, the data were collected, and analyzed using SPSS18 and descriptive statistics. Findings: The findings indicate that mothers’ employment brings no negative and positive consequences for emotional intelligence and mental health, though it positively affects students’ educational performance. Results also revealed that the adolescent children of employed mothers had high emotional intelligence. The female children of employed mothers showed more emotional intelligence, while there were no gender differences in the emotional intelligence of adolescent children of homemakers. Conclusion: The research finding revealed that boys and girls with working mothers have low mental health, this results approves that presence of mother at home is necessary.

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In this paper, the constructions of ditransitive verbs are examined in Persian. This study based on Construction Grammar (Goldberg: in press) views differently on this type of verbs. One of the objectives in this paper is to explain the internal properties of ditransitive constructions and determine their different types. The purpose is to display the distinctions of ditransitive constructions in order to demonstrate the interaction between syntax and discourse. Besides their  syntactic differences, pragmatic ones will be mentioned too. This can be achieved by choosing a formal-functional approach. The Persian data analysis shows the effect of information structure and its interaction with patient and theme. Therefore, the contextual factors are considered as important as the syntactic ones. Information structure exerts a noticeable effect on the distribution of nominal arguments as well as on their scope properties among the Persian sentences. Thus these constructions not only indicate formal distinctions but also informative ones. Consequently, comprehensive and multi-dimensional interpretation, which is the basic goal in this study will be attained by relying on syntactic- pragmatic explanations.  

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This paper will examine (non) presence of obligatory adjuncts in predication and modification constructions in Persian language. The aim is to show that adjuncts are not optional as opposed to the previous thoughts. They are necessary for some conversational utterances The hypothesis is the predication and modifications following pragmatic considerations and focal requirement can be understood better. However, the comprehensive and uniform explanation is not achieved by grammatical and event-based analysis. The presense of obligatory adjuncts are necessary to satisfy focal requirement. On the basis of focal requirement, every utterance must contain a focus, and provide new information to the addressee in discourse context. This focal requirement can be satisfied through various factors; one of them is obligatory adjuncts. This pragmatic constraint derived from Grice's maxim of Quantity or Horn's R -principle. This study displays that the main motivation of  the presence of obligatory adjuncts is focal requirement. So every utterance must be informative.  Utterances normally need a successful focus that conveys something asserted. Thus the predications(short passives) and modifications  with obligatory adjuncts can be understood better in discourse context.                   

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Aims: Access paths to natural attractions in protected areas must be designed and developed considering their impacts on the environment. Visitors' movement in the areas where are highly sensitive to soil erosion may cause destructive impacts on trails such as widening, increasing susceptibility to erosion, and damaging surrounding vegetation. This research aims to suggest a sustainable trail network (off-road vehicles and hiking trails) in Sarigol National Park and Protected Area,
Methods:  The study has been carried out based on the least-cost path algorithm, and comparing the results with existing recreation trails. The required field information including the width of 431 trails and 15 environmental factors affecting the trail width was obtained through the study area. Analysis of Covariance has been used for estimating the potential of pathwidth expansion. The accuracy of the model was assessed by root mean square error which is 29cm for hiking trails and 126cm for off-road vehicles trails.
Findings: One optimized off-road vehicles trail and one optimized hiking trails in the study are were suggested using degradation map and least cost patch model. The findings of the present study indicated that existing paths are located in areas with high susceptibility to widening because of crowding.

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Chemotherapy is one of the most effective and common treatments for cancer. Multi-drug resistance and drug side effects are one of the major obstacles to successful chemotherapy. To address these limitations and achieve better drug efficacy, nanosystem-based combination therapy offers a promising approach. This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and investigate the synergistic effect of nanoliposomes loaded with doxorubicin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. In the present study, nanoliposomes were prepared by passive loading and thin-film hydration. The characterization of nanoliposomes such as size distribution, zeta potential, the loading rate, drug release profile, and toxicity were measured. The mean diameter of nanoliposomes was 82.5 nm, their surface charge was -24.2 mV and drug loading was about 80%. The interaction of doxorubicin and EGCG with nanoliposomes was mediated by electrostatic and van der Waals bonds and EGCG has a deceasing effect on the doxorubicin release profile but the observed differences are not significant. The toxicity and viability data indicate that the simultaneous use of these two drugs increased the toxicity of the cells. Nanoliposomes containing doxorubicin were not able to reduce viability to below 50% in monotherapy with 5×10^-3 μM. While, the amount of viability dramatically reduced to below 50%, in combination with EGCG, resulting as combination chemotherapy. Consequently, the concomitant administration of EGCG with doxorubicin may be a suitable candidate for chemotherapy.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the syntactic processes involved in deriving Persian WH-multiple questions. Therefore, the function of WH-words in these constructs regarding the syntactic processes is examined. It also clarifies which syntactic functions justify their sequential or split orders. The research method is descriptive-analytic on the base of  Chomsky’s Minimalist approach (1995). Research data was collected from books, Media, newspapers, social networks and Google search engine and native speakers’ speech. Data  analysis shows that in sequential WH-multiple questions (both types), backward deletion occurs in which the identical constituent in the first clause is deleted under identity. In these constructions, the first WH-word remains in situ and the second one moves to the focus phrase after deleting the identical constituent. Scrambling is just possible with adjunct- adjunct and adjunct- argument order in these constructions. In split WH- multiple questions, the deletion of identical constituent occurs in the second clause as forward deletion in which  both WH-words remanin in situ. Scrambling in these constructions is also possible with adjunct-adjunct and adjunct-argument order. Scrambling and superiority of WH-words are not permitted in WH-multiple questions with any order of WH-words.

1. Introduction
Among the constructions that Chomsky examines in the form of minimalist approach are WH-questions. These constructions are observed in two types, yes /no questions and WH-questions which is the aim of the present study. Sometimes WH-questions consisting of two or more WH-words, named WH-multiple questions. These constructions are in two types: sequential and split. Sequential WH-multiple questions are themselves divided into two types of simple (without coordinator) and coordinated (with coordinator). In split one, WH-words are separated. The present study seeks to answer these questions: What is the function of WH-words in WH-multiple questions with respect to the syntactic processes, and which syntactic operations justify their sequential or split nature?
 
2. Literature Review
A review of the research literature shows that WH-quesions have been studied only in terms of structure, type and movement of WH-words in Persian just in single WH-word questions and none of them examined the syntactic processes in the derivation of Persian WH- multiple ones. Therefore, conducting such a study in relation to WH-multiple questions based on Chomsky's Minimalist Program (1995) distinguishes itself from other similar studies in this field.
 
3. Methodology
The research method is descriptive-analytic based on the principles of Chomsky’s (1995) Minimalist Program as theoretical framework.
 
4. Results
The examination of data shows that in coordinated WH-questions (both types), the common constituent in the first clause is deleted under identity and satisfying language economy. In other words, backward deletion occurs. In the coordinate WH-questions (both types), the first WH-word remains in-situ and under identity and thus deleting it, the second WH-word moves to the focus phrase.
In contrast, in split WH-questions, forward deletion occures in which the deletion of identical clause occurs in the second clause, leaving a gap in the position of identical elements, and both WH-words are placed in their original unmarked place. In this type of WH-questions, the movement of WH-word leads to the ungrammaticality of WH-construction and as a result, Persian speakers will not accept it. Therefore, It has been concluded since no movement occurs in this type of constructions, there is no need to apply the attract closest principle.
Also, the analysis of data shows that scrambling of two adjuct-adjunct WH-word in sequencial coordinate WH-question is possible. But in multiple WH-question, scrambling and superiority leads to unacceptable and sometimes ungrammatical constructions. Thus, contrary to Bošković's (1999) view that focus languages do not show superiority effects, multiple WH-questions in Persian, which is a focus language, shows it. In split WH-questions, scrambling of two adjunct- adjunct WH-words is possible.
In coordinate WH-questions with adjunct-argument order, scrambling of two WH-words is possible. On the contrary, this kind of scrambling in Persian multiple WH-question leads to ungrammatical construction. In contrast, scrambling of adjunct- argument WH-words in split WH-questions is allowed and the result is a grammatical and acceptable construction. Scrambling of WH-words with the order of augment-adjunct is not possible in any of the coordinate, multiple and split WH-questions and the result will be an ungrammatical WH-question.
In coordinate WH-questions with the order of argument-argument WH-words, if the case markers accompanying WH-words are deleted, the construction will be ungrammatical and in the case of two argument WH-words scrambling, the construction will be grammatical, but not acceptable for Persian speakers. In multiple WH-quesions, scrambling of two WH-words is not possible. In split WH-question with two argument WH-words, scrambling is impossible and ungrammatical. The results also show that argument coordination can only occur with transitive verbs.
5. Discussion
It has been discussed and examined what syntactic processes involved in derivatiing of WH-multiple questions? And which syntactic operations justify its sequential or split properties. In thi way, WH-multiple questions in different orders of adjunct-adjunct, adjunct-argument, argument-adjunct, and argument-argument, have separately been studied.
 
6. Conclusion
We concluded that the existence of multiple WH-questions in Persian as a pro-drop language violates the view of Sitko (2013) who claims that pro-drop languages allow multiple WH-word rising.
In general, the syntactic processes involved in WH-multiple questions of Persian are: finding the identical constitute and deleting it, remaining the first WH-word in-situ and moving the second WH-word to focus phrase.
Notes
1. In this study, we investigate only WH-multiple questions with two WH-words.
2. Acceptability
3. Unacceptability
4. Lubańska
5. Stefano
6. Pro- drop languages
7. Covert wh-movement
8. Empty wh-operator
9. Overt wh-movement
10. Merge
11. A-position: A position that takes a semantic role and corresponds to traditional subject and object position.
12. A′-position: A position that does not take a Ө-role. Such as adjuncts position and specifier position of CP
13. Scrambling
14. Conceptual-intentional
15. Articulatory-perceptual
16. Occam’s Razor
17. Attract Closest Principal: According to this principle, which is assumed to attract a   particular type of structure, attracts the closest possible structure of that type.
18. Superiority condition
19. Deletion under identity

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Objective: Given the importance of the concept of dynamic capabilities in gaining competitive advantage for organizations, this article seeks to "provide a model for the behavioral foundations of dynamic capabilities."

Results: Finally, a final proposed framework has been implemented by combining the results of systematic review and the results of content analysis in a framework that in all three dimensions of perception, abduction and reorganization of these behavioral and human foundations found by both methods. They were organized by deleting common items and merging similar items. The proposed framework has not yet been presented in research in this field of study, and the authors believe that it can partially bridge the gap in the literature on behavioral foundations and human resources in dynamic capabilities in future studies.

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The soil erodibility factor varies spatially according to variations of some soil properties on the surface. This study was carried out to compare spatial variability of the soil erodibility factor as estimated and measured using the USLE. The study was conducted in an agricultural zone with an area of in 900 km2 in Hashtrood, northwestern Iran. In the study area, 36 square grids with a dimension of 5 km were considered. In each grid, three unit plots were installed on the southern aspect with a slope of 9%. The soil erodibility factor was estimated using the USLE nomograph and measured as mean rate of soil loss from the unit plots per unit rainfall erosivity factor on an annual basis. The results indicated that the difference between the measured and estimated soil erodibility factor was significant (P 0.001) and correlation between the two was very poor with r2= 0.21. The spherical simulations were the best models to explain spatial variations of both the estimated and measured erodibility factors. The effective range of the spatial variations of the measured soil erodibility factor (2.43 km) was smaller than that in the estimated value (11.51 km). There was a considerable difference in the effective range (P 0.001) of spatial variations between the estimated and measured soil erodibility factor on the study area. The map of the proportion of the estimated values to measured values of the soil erodibility factor was nearly uniform (between 7.4 and 9.6) on the study area. The study indicated that use of the USLE nomograph would considerably lead to over-estimation of the soil erodibility in the entire the study area.

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Structural changes in the government usually occur in different governments in a piecemeal manner, with a partial approach and without a macro view. The structural reforms of the government require understanding the general process of these changes from a macro perspective and in a long-term period.The purpose of this research is to examine the structural changes of the Ministry of Education since the Islamic Revolution and the historical institutional analysis of these changes.
The necessity of the desired structural reforms in the government is to know the historical-institutional context of the formation and change of structures. The strategy of this research is interpretive; Therefore, in order to deeply understand or know an organization, it is necessary to know and understand its roots and historical contexts.
we found that the multiplicity of decision-making authorities regarding the structure of the Ministry of Education causes disorganization and incoherence in the policy. This ministry's policies have become so that they often conflict with each other and neutralize each other's previous decisions. Even though the legal competence of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution is ambiguous in terms of its legal position to change the structure of the government, but still this authority is relatively safe and uncriticized in the margin of indiscriminate expansion and sometimes parallelism in the structure of the Ministry of Education and Education continues and it is necessary to carry out institutional reforms in the Ministry of Education regarding the recognition of a single and legal path to create structural changes.

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Grass pea(Lathyrus sativus L.) is a crop used for both animal and human consumption. Recently, ICARDA has developed new grass pea lines with the objectives of improving its yield potential and adaptability. The objective of this study was to investigate grain and forage yields stability of several ICARDA released grass pea lines by using additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) and site regression genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction (SREG GGE) model. Fourteen grass pea advanced lines were evaluated at three research stations located in semi-warm regions in Iran, during 2005-08 crop seasons. The combined ANOVA showed that forage and grain yields were significantly affected by environment (E), genotype (G) and interactions of G×E. The partitioning of the sum of squares indicated that E accounted for 85% and 91% of the total (G+E+GEI) variation for forage and grain yields, respectively; whereas, G and GEI accounted for 4 and 11% for forage yield and 2 and 7% for grain yields, respectively. Using AMMI and GGE biplots, the lines identified as stable and high grain yielding were Sel.474, Sel.669, and Sel.686, while for forage yield the lines were Sel.474, Sel.678 and Sel.669. Kermanshah and Gachsaran were selected as favorable test environments for grass pea grain and forage yield ME trials, respectively.

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Constitutional justice, in its general sense, means the set of methods and legal institutions that control law and other regulations by the constitution. Based on the type of look at the relationship between statutory law-constitution, parliament-justice, and private interest-public interest, and also based on the type of definition of the philosophy and function of separation of powers, we can observe two principals models of constitutional justice: 1) The American model in which the control over law is posterior, objective, decentralized and res judicata is relative, and 2) The European model in which the control of law is priori, abstract, centralized, and res judicata is absolute. In this paper, while addressing the general principles of constitutional justice, we study special patterns of each of the above models, especially in the two most important countries (i.e. The United States of America and France).

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In recent years, targeted drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach to increase the efficacy and minimize side effects of therapeutic agents. Cerasomes are a special type of liposomes with covalent siloxane networks on the surface that provide exceptional morphological stability while retaining all the beneficial properties of liposomes. Cerosomes provide a unique platform for drug encapsulation and delivery due to their biocompatibility, stability, controllable release, and long-term storage. In this research, an attempt has been made to engineer the surface of cerosomes to increase the selectivity and efficiency of drug delivery. In such a way that the Herceptin antibody is placed on the surface of the serosa and allows the precise targeting of HER²⁺ cells. Then, the physicochemical characteristics of antibody-functionalized cerosomes, including size and surface charge 229±15.6 nm and 13.5±1.2 mV were respectively obtained. The results of IR and fluorescence spectrum showed that the antibody was successfully attached to the surface of cerasome with a binding efficiency of 64%. These results prove the basic mechanisms governing the synthesis of immunocerasomes and provide a valuable approach for future developments in targeted drug delivery systems.
 

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     Electoral rules and electoral systems are two differentiated concepts. Since, the electoral rules are only one of the factors in creation and regularization of every electoral system, notwithstanding, it is the most important. Winning in any electioneering is organized through numerical supremacy or manely quantitative variables. For all that depending on numerous political factors – including modelers’ initial impetus of Preferential Voting System to retain minorities' rights in multi-cultural communities – some electoral systems – specifically Preferential Voting System – have succeeded to import certain qualitative variables in election's essence and the ultimate result. In other words, there are mechanisms contrived in these systems by which a sole numerical superiority in the earned votes in favor of a certain party or a candidate does not ascertain the final result and the consequent elimination of other parties and candidates from the electioneering competition. Meanwhile, we have examined the preferential voting system in comparison with the plurality voting system, which has been used as a comparative method for the appraisal of electoral institutions. It can be proved that there is no correlation between the number of earned votes and winning the election by the use of correlation research method in the latter system; this leads to more plurality in the election’s dimensions. Regardless of every imperfections and shortcomings, in comparison with the other electoral systems particularly plurality voting system, the preferential voting system has provided more accurate mechanisms for the utmost reflection of the electoral tastes of the voters.     * Corresponding Author’s E-mail: amirzareibushehri@gmail.com

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In the recent years, wind energy improves to one of the most important sources of electricity production. For instance it is predicted that the installed wind capacity in China will be about 40 GW till 2020. The permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) which contains a permanent magnet that causes DC excitation current in the stator windings, are widely used in variety of wind turbines. The advantages of this type of generators in comparison to the others, are higher efficiency, controllable terminal voltage and reactive power. It is also remarkable that the PMSG speed can be controlled by the converter leads to MPPT implementation. The MPPT is always implemented to control the generator speed and output power between the cut-in and nominal wind speed. It is necessary to control the generator speed by pitch or stall control for upper rated wind speeds. In this paper after explaining the structure and components of a typical wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator, designing of an offline DMC (Dynamic Matrix Control) and a gain scheduled PI pitch controller are presented. Both of these controllers have been tested on the practical simulator of 100 KW wind turbine with PMSG generator and the results are presented and compared.