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The present study aims to study the English equivalents of the verb adraaka used in the Qur'anic phrase ma adraaka through looking at the equivalents selected by translators based on Fillmore's linguistic theory of semantic frame. Accordingly, the equivalents used in seven English translations by Arberry, Pickthall, Helali and Khan, Sale, Shakir, Yusuf Ali, and Qarai were compared and examined. The results were analyzed using Fillmore's semantic frames, which also meant to depict how and to what extent semantic frames can be applied in similar analyses. The analysis indicated that the translators have used 9 verbs that belong to 7 different frames in the FrameNet, among which considering the senses and frames of the verbs, three equivalents, i.e. know (used 12 times by Helal and Khan, and 4 times by Shakir), understand (used 13 times by Sale), and comprehend (used 4 times by Shakir) showed to be more suitable. All in all, Sale, Helali and Khan, and following them, Shakir can be regarded as more successful translators translating this Qur'anic verb.
 

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Aims: Obesity in adolescent is associated with several negative outcomes. This study aimed to determine factors associated with obesity among female students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Instrument & Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, a convenience sample of female adolescent students of high schools in Tabriz, Iran (322 students who were classified as obese or overweight) was selected between January and May 2021. An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed through the Shad platform. The survey package included socio-demographic questions, health literacy measures for adolescents, an inventory of determinants of obesity-related behaviors in adolescents, and mother's nutritional literacy. Multiple regression analysis examined associated factors with obesity using SPSS 133. The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting.
Findings: The mean score of obesity-related behaviors was moderate (124.18±22.35). Participants' mean scores in the domains of lack of support, unhealthy nutrition, physical inactivity, and perceived inability were more than average. Adolescents' health literacy mean score was moderate (167.43±20.06). Mother’s occupation (β=15.73; 95% CI: 7.54 to 23.92; p<0.001) and mother's nutritional literacy (β=-0.88; 95% CI: -1.50 to -0.27; p=0.005) were statistically significant predictors of the obesity-related behavior.
Conclusion: Mothers' nutritional literacy plays a pivotal role in shaping adolescents' behaviors related to obesity; thus, empowering mothers with appropriate knowledge and skills in the field of healthier lifestyles and improving the overall well-being of adolescents is essential.

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       According to the Section 422 of Commercial Code, the debt of merchant accelerates by the issue of bankruptcy verdict. In addition, the legislator, in Section 422 of Commercial Code, extends the acceleration of debt to other liable persons of the commercial document. According to the Section 422 of Commercial Code, they should give securance or pay the commercial document, if the maker of promissory note, the drawer of draft who has not been accepted by the drawee, and the acceptor go bankrupt. The purpose of this section is the security of the commercial document. This section is in conflict of commercial document and bankruptcy provisions. That is in contrast of the principle because it increases the obligation of commercial document liable, because liability of commercial document liable is payment of the commercial document in due date.     Section 422: a) The effect bankruptcy of principal liable is not acceleration the debt of guarantor; b) Bankruptcy of endorser does not accelerate the debt of another commercial document liable, and c) This article does not include check because this article is exceptional.    Although acceleration of the debt of the commercial document liable persons in the effect of bankruptcy has not been discussed in the American Law, but the final liable is the endorser who receives negotiable instrument from the bankrupt, if the primary liable files for petition.     
  

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In this study, a Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) has been developed to calculate the distribution of a scalar quantity, like temperature, in a natural convection flow field under the condition of varying fluid thermal conductivity. The standard form of an LBM usually considers the fluid properties to be constant without any source term in conservation equations. The model developed is to account for variation of thermal conductivity with temperature in the presence of an external heat source. The proposed model has been examined against various case studies. It is shown that it is capable of modeling the extremely nonlinear problems. To magnify the nonlinear term in the natural convection case of under study, the radiation and other thermal sources have been used. The multiple relaxation time scheme has been applied to assure the solution stability. Using Chapman-Enskog analysis, the error associated with the proposed model has been estimated. The part of error which was not due to variations in the fluid properties, may be eliminated by introducing a correction term in higher order terms in Chapman-Enskog analysis. In addition, it has been shown that the correction term associated with the fluid conductivity variations, create an error of second order in terms of Knudsen number and is negligible. The present LBM model has an error of the second order of magnitude with respect to time.

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Piston effect is an important mechanism of heat transfer in a supercritical fluid flow under microgravity condition. In this study, a Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM) has been introduced to simulate the piston effect. Variations of diffusion coefficient has been accounted for by adding a corresponding term to equilibrium distribution function. To calculate the intermolecular forces and compressibility in the LBM, a van der Waals equation of estate has been employed. Boundary conditions corresponding to compressible LBM at the presence of van der Waals forces have been set to eliminate the speed jump at the wall. It has been shown that such boundary conditions provide high accuracy in problems involving forces with an error of second order of magnitude in terms of space. The developed thermal LBM together with compressible LBM have been applied to simulate the heat transfer to supercritical fluid flows. The piston effect has been modeled by considering van der Waals inter molecular forces. The errors associated with each of the schemes used have been evaluated. A comparison between a pure conduction case and heat transfer due to piston effect has been made. It has been shown that the heat transfer occurs faster once the piston effect is in effect.

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Optimization of the arrangement of turbines with the aim of producing the maximum power in a wind farm is inherently part of continuous and nonlinear problems. In the present study, for the linearization of the Wake constraint and the connection between turbine power and single Wake and discrete models. Also, the criterion of placing a turbine in another turbine has been applied indirectly and linearly. The proposed mathematical model compares to continuous nonlinear mathematical models, while maintaining the advantage of achieving exact optimum, has a lower runtime and higher stability. Comparison of the results of the present study with the results of previous studies suggests that metaheuristics algorithms may not be obtained in absolute optimal answer. In addition to the power output, environmental issues can also affect the arrangement of turbines. As an example, the maximum noise level is applied in the present model. In order to calculate the intensity of sound, Euclidean distance based on the spread of the hemisphere and the effects of atmospheric absorption has been used. According to the results, it can be said that under the conditions under consideration, the noise level can cause a significant reduction in the output power of the wind farm. Therefore, in selecting the field, attention should be paid to the distance to residential areas. In addition, the effect of cell count on the accuracy of the results was investigated. The results show that there is no clear relationship between optimal power and number of cells.

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In the present paper, the effects of deconvolved earthquake input on the linear and nonlinear seismic response of an existing arch dam in a 3D space are investigated. nonlinearities originate from the opening/slipping of the vertical contraction joints within the dam body. The reservoir–structure interaction is taken into account by the finite element method with the appropriate boundary conditions. The reservoir was assumed to be compressible. The Shahid Abbaspour arch dam was selected for the case study. Finally, the viscous condition at the far-end boundary of the foundation is used to model the radiation effect. A quasi elastic damping model is utilized. The stiffness and mass proportional damping, equivalent to 10% of the critical damping based on the 2Hz and 6Hz frequencies of the dam foundation system, is applied to the structure. Three components of the 1994 Northridge earthquake as maximum credible earthquake are selected as the free field ground motions. The analysis is carried out in two steps. First a deconvolution analysis is performed to adjust the amplitude and frequency contents of an earthquake ground motion applied at the base of the foundation to achieve the desired output ground acceleration at the dam-foundation interface at the different points. Then the calibrated base acceleration history is applied to the foundation base of the dam-reservoir-foundation-system to perform the seismic analysis. Based on the results, spectra of the response at the dam-foundation interface at different points match very closely with the spectra of the horizontal free field ground motions. However, the existing deconvolution procedure does not produce appropriate results for high frequency ground motion records. To overcome such limitation, a modified procedure has been used for vertical earthquake which has led to better convergence. In existing procedure, a correction factor for each frequency is computed using the ratio of the Fourier amplitudes of the reproduced ground acceleration at the dam-foundation interface and free-field ground acceleration signals in a given iteration. The acceleration signal applied at the base of the foundation model is modified using the correction factor for each frequency. In modified procedure, Instead of adjusting the Fourier amplitudes, the response spectra at different frequency are adjusted. It is worth mentioning that the main novelty of the present investigation, is that it takes into account the effects of deconvolved earthquake input in addition to both the joints nonlinearity. According to the analyses, modeling vertical contraction joints leads to a decrease in the maximum value of stensile stress levels through the dam body by 6%. The extreme values of joints opening/sliding experienced by the contact elements located on the upstream face along the crest are 6.3mm and 18.1mm, respectively. The maximum values for joints sliding occurred in vicinity of the abutments. Also, maximum values of joint opening/sliding along the height of the dam body experienced by the contact elements located between the central cantilever and the adjacent ones on the upstream face occurred in crest of the dam body. However, to achieve more realistic results, other factors such as the spatial variation in ground motion, should be considered.

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Although it has some benefits, short-term farmland rental transactions have had negative consequences such as excessive use of water, overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and farmland degradation. Why are landowners more engaged in short-term land rental contracts and less involved in longer rental contracts, that are more associated with incentives to invest and sustainably use farmland? Based on a post positivist worldview, the present study has chosen a quantitative approach and used a survey strategy to explore factors affecting the participation of landholders in longer farmland rental markets. Using multi-stage sampling, 250 landholders in Razan County who had rented their land, at least once in the past five years, were selected. The study indicated that the landholders' motivations to rent out their farmlands changed by their place of residence (rural/urban). The identified barriers and drivers that require policy attention broadly focus on the security of farmland property rights, competence of tenants and kinship contracts, high risk and profitability of farming activities, and capital constraints in rural areas.