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The present study aimed to examine the use of different levels of syntactic architecture in written personal and fictional narratives in both Persian and English across three discourse communities, namely Persian native speakers, English native speakers, and Iranian EFL learners. To this end, the participants of the study were selected based on convenience sampling and were asked to write one of their happiest memories. Also, an English fable from Aseop's fables and a Persian story, chosen based on comparative literature and having the similar plot, were given to them to read and write whatever they remembered; there was no limit on the number of words and paragraphs. To analyze the data, the Berman and Nir-Sagiv's (2009) model was followed. The findings showed that in fictional narratives written by both Persian and English native speakers, isotaxis, asymmetric parataxis, complement (CMP), and parataxis levels were frequently employed; however, personal narratives in Persian were dominantly isotactic, paratactic, and asymmetric paratactic, CMP, while isotactic, hypotactic, and paratactic levels were frequent in English written personal narratives. Also, after receiving explicit instruction on different types of English sentences, the use of adverbial and relative clauses (hypotaxis level) increased in Iranian EFL learners' written narratives. It can be concluded that explicit teaching of syntactic levels enabled EFL learners to arrange their sentences correctly to express their intended meaning. Teachers can benefit from the results to gain a more comprehensive understanding of narrative connectivity and help EFL learners elaborate clause linkage in their written narrative tasks.
 

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Oil as the most important strategic commodity in Southwest Asian countries has a particular political and economic weight. Prior to the instability in oil prices which began in late 2013, the macroeconomic challenges were managed by the oil states. With the collection of systematic geopolitical rivalries in Southwest Asia, the emergence of alternative oils in the United States of America and turbulence in Geo-economic areas of the Middle East, major challenges in the political economy of oil-producing countries have been created. The Islamic Republic of Iran as one of the oil centers of Southwest Asia has experienced unstable oil prices in line with a set of challenges. Given the strategic importance of oil in Iran's political and economic basket, the present study examines the role of the structure-agency in political economy of oil in Iran. The research approach is based on the Structuration theory. The results indicate that the heterogeneity of structure-agency within the framework of the increased participation of government and interrupter factors with the economic-political background, are among the major challenges in Iran’s political economy of oil. Therefore, systematic management and integration of structure-agency can handle the challenges of Iran's income from oil prices.

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Time is an abstract concept standing beside others such as the location and human. Time, in human experience, has two aspects of outer time and inner time. The outer time is indeed that real time which the human being is unable to change its circumstances, while the inner time is the creation of the man’s mind. The present research deals with the examination of the concept of time in the poems of Mahmoud  Darwish and Gheisar Aminpour so as to specify the utilization of the time element by these two poets. This article, at first, has set to define the time lexically and the main opinions stated about time .Then, presenting a definition of outer time and inner time, it studies the thoughts of these two poets on the element of time. This research shows that Mahmoud Darwish and Gheisar Aminpour, for achieving eternity and escape from death, have had recourse to modes like return to past, myth and love, indicating the common view of these two poets on the element of time.    

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Translation is one of the factors of the exchange of various dimensions of civilization, art, culture and literature and the cultural development of societies. It is always seen in terms of the differences in the components of the linguistic translation of texts, in particular literary texts, such as increasing, decreasing, changing the theme and structure. Hence, The critique of translation is one of the essential and important steps in improving the translation of texts and their evaluation. In this speech, the "Myth of the Moon Barry," the Arabic translation of the critique and evaluation of the story of "Samak Ayyar" by descriptive and analytical method has been criticized and evaluated using descriptive and analytical method and based on the theory of Nida. According to Nida's definition of the translation that finds the closest natural equivalent of the source language in the target language, and the division of the translations into a formal and dynamic translation, the "Myth of the Moon Barry" mythology can’t be regarded as a formal translation. The occurrence of mistakes in the equivalence of words, the removal and enhancement of the text, the change of words and the style and the structure of the original text show the translator has not been faithful to the source text in the translation of Samak-e-Ayar's story and has not done so accurately. Therefore, with tolerance, it should be classified as dynamic translations.

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As an important country in West Asia, Turkey has an influential position on Iran's foreign policy, and considering the bilateral and trans-regional relations in the relations between the two countries, it can be very important from a geopolitical point of view. Developments in recent years in Turkey have been mainly related to the foreign policy of that country. Relations between Turkey and Iran have undergone many changes throughout history. The two countries are considered as powerful non-Arab countries in the region that have common geographical and cultural features and do not consider each other as an existential threat. In recent years, political differences between the two countries over Syria and sometimes Iraq have led to political disputes between them. This scientific study examines the impact of Turkey's geopolitical actions in Iraq and Syria on reducing Iran's regional influence. The research method is descriptive-analytical, it is descriptive because it describes Turkey's geopolitical actions in Iraq and Syria and is analytical. This is because it expresses the impact of these actions on reducing Iran's regional influence. The method of collecting information is library, based on the use of relevant letters, reports, information and valid data. The results show that although Turkey's geopolitical actions have caused conflicts between the two countries, the maturity of the two countries' diplomacy and some similarities have led to the stability of relations.

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Backgrounds: Plasmodium species are the causative agents of malaria, which is considered as a mosquito-borne infectious disease transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. It is endemic in the southern and south-eastern areas of the country. This study aimed to report a case of imported malaria infection in a Pakistani man in Bandare Kong located in the central region of Bandar Lengeh County in Hormozgan province, Iran.
Case presentation: A Pakistani male fisherman aged 21 years referred to a general practitioner in Bandare kong with symptoms such as a long-lasting fever that worsened every 2 days. He underwent a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and the result of which was positive. Therefore, for further malaria testing, he was dispatched to Shohada hospital in Bandar Lengeh. All the laboratory tests findings were in an acceptable range, except for direct bilirubin titer, which was higher than the normal range (0.3 mg/dL) (< 0.2 mg/dL=normal). Blood smear test results also showed P. falciparum-associated malaria infection. According to the malaria therapy protocols followed in the hospital, 24 coartem pills at a dose of 4 pills per 12 hours were administered to the patient for 3 days, and then primaquine was administered simultaneously after three days, resulting in a rapid reduction in the parasitic load so that it could not be detected after 2 days.
Conclusion: In recent decades, most malaria patients diagnosed in Iran have been infected cases entered Iran from neighboring countries where malaria is endemic. Therefore, early diagnosis and therapy of imported malaria cases in endemic areas of Iran is essential and makes it possible to implement malaria preventive and control measures.
 

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Background: Many factors are involved in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals in each region, such as physiological conditions, underlying diseases, and observance of personal protection and hygiene; therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors affecting the incidence of COVID-19 in Bandar Lengeh, Hormozgan province, southern Iran.
Materials & Methods: Blood samples and demographic information were collected from suspected COVID-19 patients referring to Shahid Rajaei governmental health centers in Bandar Lengeh city. Hematological, biochemical, and serological tests were performed on the samples. PCR experiment was conducted to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. The thorax computed tomography (CT) was performed for all patients.
Findings: According to the PCR test results, the prevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 26.92% among 130 individuals enrolled in this study. SARS-CoV-2 infection was more prevalent among clerks than in other occupational groups (p=0.017). Increased ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and decreased WBC (white blood cell), lymphocyte, and platelet counts were evident in COVID-19 patients. Also, the prevalence of COVID-19 infection was higher in patients with blood group A (33.3%) than in patients with other blood groups. The CRP (C-reactive protein) test was positive for 31 patients whose PCR test was positive for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) level was higher in infected individuals compared to other participants (p=0.018).
Conclusion: In addition to the PCR test result, the most effective factors for diagnosing COVID-19 patients best on blood tests were as follows: increased CRP, ESR, and LDH levels and decreased WBC, lymphocyte, and platelet counts.

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The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is a destructive pest feeding on a diverse array of host plants. We studied the demographic parameters of H. armigera on artificial diets prepared from seeds of 10 corn Zea mays L. hybrids (KSC301, KSC403, KSC540, KSC600, KSC604, KSC704, KSC711, Maxima, NS770, and ZP677) using the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. The results revealed that except for the incubation period, the Z. mays hybrids-mediated artificial diets significantly affected the length of the other immature stages. They also influenced the adult longevity, adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), and oviposition days of H. armigera. Furthermore, the total fecundity of H. armigera was affected by Z. mays hybrids. Accordingly, the females reared on KSC711 with 503.31 eggs had the highest total fecundity. The highest net reproductive rate (R₀) (88.41 eggs/individual), the intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.109 day^-1), and finite rate of increase (λ) (1.115 day^-1) were observed on KSC711. Our results provided valuable information regarding the life cycle of H. armigera on an artificial diet substrate prepared from different Z. mays hybrids. It was also revealed that although H. armigera had no significant differences in life table parameters on most hybrids, some of them, such as KSC711, were very susceptible to damage. One of the issues that emerged from these findings is the possibility of using some hybrids, e.g., KSC711, in the preparation of semi-artificial diets for this pest.

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Aims: As one of the primary causes of confusion and decline in mental health, stress can be the source of considerable negative effects on student performance. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress management training in academic optimism and hope of university entrance exam applicants.
Participants & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design with a follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all university entrance exam applicants in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2022. Thirty applicants, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected as the sample using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups (15 participants per group). The participants in the treatment group attended eleven 120-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) training program, whereas those in the control group received no intervention. The Academic Optimism Scale and Adult Hope Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance).
Findings: The results showed that the stress management training program improved the academic optimism (F=117.24, P=0.001) and hope (F=66.33, P=0.001) of the participants in the treatment group.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that stress management training in stressful situations, such as the university entrance exam can boost candidates' academic optimism and hope.
 

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Reduction of unwanted noises is an important issue in the current societies regarding their potential negative impact on the mental and physical health of the peoples. Researchers are trying to find a new method to reduce the damage of this unwanted sound. Accordingly, the use of sound absorbing materials with appropriate acoustic properties has increased in the recent years. In this article, the production of polyurethane foam explained first and sound absorption coefficient of pure PUF has been measured. In order to improve the mechanical and acoustical properties of polyurethane foam, various quantities of Nano-Alumina powder is added to the structure of the foam. The effects of this additive material on the acoustic and mechanical properties of the foam are then measured. In this work, for the first time, the mechanical, physical and acoustical properties of the polyurethane foam improved by Nano-Alumina are studied. Finally, the change of the sound absorption coefficient of the produced composite material is analyzed based on the mechanical and physical experimental results. The sound absorption coefficient of this foam is then measured using two microphone method with Impedance tubes.

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Doogh is a dairy drink that has a special place among the drinks in the market. The two phases of this product during storage are a major problem due to the low pH and the accumulation of caseins.Therefore, in this study, the efficacy of microbial transglutaminase (at doses of 10, 15 and 20 ppm) and lipaseenzymes (at doses of 30, 45 and 60 ppm) in doogh stabilization and their effect on physicochemical, microbial, sensory and free fatty acids was investigated.To compare the mean of treatments, Duncan test was used at 5% probability level. Data analysis was done using SPSS software.
The results showed that treatment with these enzymes improved the stability.The amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the control sample is higher than the treated samples.The results of sensory evaluation showed no significant difference between treated and control samples (p> 0.05). But overall acceptance by evaluators increased with increasing dosages of enzymes in doogh.
 

 

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 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of commercial lipase in various forms on the acceleration of the ripening of UF-Feta cheese. Commercial lipase from Aspergillus niger was encapsulated by using silica composition based on Sol-Gel method. Lipase was then added to cheeses in three forms, namely, free lipase, encapsulated lipase, and encapsulated lipase with Arabic gum. Lipase was added to the retentate in the ratio of 4 g:100 kg. The effects of free lipase, encapsulated lipase, and encapsulated lipase with Arabic gum on lipolysis, quantity of free water, bounded water, and chemical compounds were studied during the 60 days of ripening. Based on FTIR analysis, encapsulated lipases were completely released from the capsules during the first 15 days of ripening period. The greatest amount of lipolysis was detected in free lipase samples, compared to encapsulated and encapsulated with Arabic gum treatments. Thermal analysis of all treatments indicated that lipolysis could affect the free and bounded water content by decreasing both of them from the 15^th to 60^th days of ripening. The amount of salt, moisture, and fat changed during the first 15 days of ripening significantly (P< 0.05). In comparison with free or encapsulated lipase, the encapsulated lipase with Arabic gum caused more changes in types of water and chemical compositions because the produced emulsions were uniform.

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 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of commercial lipase in various forms on the acceleration of the ripening of UF-Feta cheese. Commercial lipase from Aspergillus niger was encapsulated by using silica composition based on Sol-Gel method. Lipase was then added to cheeses in three forms, namely, free lipase, encapsulated lipase, and encapsulated lipase with Arabic gum. Lipase was added to the retentate in the ratio of 4 g:100 kg. The effects of free lipase, encapsulated lipase, and encapsulated lipase with Arabic gum on lipolysis, quantity of free water, bounded water, and chemical compounds were studied during the 60 days of ripening. Based on FTIR analysis, encapsulated lipases were completely released from the capsules during the first 15 days of ripening period. The greatest amount of lipolysis was detected in free lipase samples, compared to encapsulated and encapsulated with Arabic gum treatments. Thermal analysis of all treatments indicated that lipolysis could affect the free and bounded water content by decreasing both of them from the 15^th to 60^th days of ripening. The amount of salt, moisture, and fat changed during the first 15 days of ripening significantly (P< 0.05). In comparison with free or encapsulated lipase, the encapsulated lipase with Arabic gum caused more changes in types of water and chemical compositions because the produced emulsions were uniform.

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Maple syrup is a natural sweetener that it can replace sucrose. This compound contains polyphenols, antioxidants, repair compounds of nerve cell, calcium, iron and other compounds that it can promote nutritional health and the Possibility to produce low calorie products. The main role of sugars in enhancing the product's desirability is related to their sweetening role, improving the creamy properties and helping to highlight the fruity aroma. With all the benefits that sucrose has as a natural sweetener, it's high consumption is not recommended because of its undesirable side effects. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the possibility of sugar substitution with maple syrup and its effect on physicochemical, rheological, microbial and sensory characteristics of ice cream. In this study maple syrup was used and reviewed at 0, 25, 50 and 75% levels as sugar substitute for ice cream production. Then physicochemical, rheological, microbial and sensory tests were performed. The results of the tests were analyzed on the basis of completely randomized design at 5% probability level. With increasing replacement percentage, the viscosity and hardness of treatments increased significantly (p <0.05). The amount of dry matter, volume increase, specific gravity, melting speed were reduced significantly. The results of sensory tests showed that replacement at 50% and 75% had a significant effect on overall acceptance compared to control, and replacement at 50% was selected as the most appropriate replacement level. According to there is in the country, possibility to operation from maple tree, therefore, from maple syrup alone or in combination with other sweeteners can be used in various food products and dairy desserts to sweeten, increase flavor, production of low-calorie and dietary products suitable for all ages.

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Mayonnaise is a kind of oil emulsion in water that contains high levels of fat that cause cardiovascular disease in consumers. Therefore consumers tend to consume of low-fat mayonnaise. Therefore, in this study, the possibility of using nanoemulsions of Cordia myxal extract as fat substitute in mayonnaise was investigated. Fat was reduced in 25, 50, 75 and 100% in mayonnaise and it was replaced by 100 ppm and 400 ppm nanoemulsions of Cordia myxal extract. The results of the tests were analyzed by completely randomized design at the 5% probability level. The size of nanoemulsion droplets was determined as the mean 68.7 ± 38.3. The results showed that pH and acidity showed no significant difference between treated and control samples. Fat content in all samples was significantly lower than control, but moisture content and acidity of low-fat mayonnaise samples were significantly higher than control (P≤0.05). Physical and thermal stability of all samples was significantly higher than control. In the colorimetric test (∆E), all samples of low-fat mayonnaise had a significant increase compared to the control. In the sensory evaluation the highest score was given to the control sample in terms of overall acceptance, In terms of texture characteristics, the highest hardness and adhesiveness was observed in the sample that had a 25% decreased fat and contained 100 ppm  nanoemulsions of Cordia myxal extract. This study showed that nanoemulsions of Cordia myxal extract at levels of reduced fat (25% and 50%) by adding nanoemulsions of Cordia myxal extract at two levels of 100 and 400 ppm have good potential for use in formulation of low-fat mayonnaise as a fat substitute.

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Today, pectin is widely used as gelling agent and stabilizer in the food industry. The present study, pectin extraction from dried powder of peel and cap of pumpkin was performed in two different acidc and water solvents method. Finally, the samples that showed the highest pectin yield in each extraction method was selected for further experiments. Then, galacturonic acid percentage, degree of estrification, emulsifier stability, emulsifier activity, viscosity and FT-IR spectroscopy were applied to selected methods. The highest yield in acidic solvent (pH=2.5) in cap treatment of pumpkin (23.03%) and water solvent (for 3 hours) in cap treatment of pumpkin (17%) in 90 °C, 90 minutes and solvent to dry matter ratio 1:30 ml/mg was determined. According to the results, The highest percentage of galactoronic acid in pectin extracted from the cap treatment was observed in solvent acidc. The highest amount of estrification degree , emulsifiers stability and activity in pectin extracted from the peel treatment was observed in solvent acidc. Pectin extracted from cap treatment showed higher viscosity than pectin peel treatment. The viscosity of all solutions was used in the shear rate (0.05-200 r(s^-1)) constant, which indicates the flow index (n) equal to 1 and the Newtonian behavior of the solution. 

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