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The concept of determinism has been studied in Hafiz poetry by many scholars. Some considered determinism, like many other concepts, as a means for literary creation, some viewed it as a justification for astute utterances, while others regarded it as the outcome of Hafiz’ own deterministic views. Though the first two accounts seem accurate, the third one seems imprecise. His literary creation style and worldview, indicative of his free will and open-mindedness, which was manifested in his poems, coupled with the inherent paradox between determinism and reformism, makes it hard to presuppose a relation between determinism and Hafiz’ worldview.
By employing an academic and methodological approach, while recognizing different interpretations, one can gain an understanding, which is closely related to Hafiz’ worldview, of deterministic propositions in his poetry. Following this approach, one should refrain from forming arguments on the basis of single verses. Therefore, the current paper has attempted to analyze deterministic propositions in Hafiz poems by applying Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe theory. Moreover, based on CDA’s presuppositions, language plays a major role in forming understandings and its means is not always clear. Hence, the paper was aimed at indicating that Hafiz’ use of deterministic propositions can be interpreted not as an indication of his worldview but as a method and medium to expand the discourse of astuteness and, at the same time, to undermine the hegemony of ascetic discourse, which had dominated the cultural atmosphere of Iran for centuries.
 

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Cladding on metallic products is really applicable in industries e.g. aerospace, automotive and oil. One layer cladding on metallic specimens could improve mechanical, thermal and corrosion resistance properties by far. Nowadays carbon steels have the highest share of metallic materials among different industries. One layer cladding on this type of steels with the aim of enhancing the corrosion resistance could decrease the price of them when they put into use in different conditions. In this study, for the first time, cladding of the carbon steel by 6061-T6 Al alloy via Friction Stir carried out successfully. In order to control on cladding, the effect of different rotational speeds and traverse speeds on mechanical properties and structure of cladded layer was inspected. Results of shear test showed that by increasing the traverse speed the shear strength of the cladded layer increases due to add material into the joint area uniformly. By decreasing the rotational speed and increasing the traverse speed, the generated heat from friction decreases and prevents over-stirring in joint area and as a result the shear strength of the joint will increase.