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Research subject: In this study, the occurrence of flooding due to the accumulation of sediment in the downcomer area, which led to an excessive increase in liquid on the upper trays of the distillation column was investigated in a refinery.
Research approach: Vacuum pressure in the upper area of the column, boiler feed water flow from the inlet to the condenser and the discharge of the net product as three very important and effective operational parameters in controlling the severity of the flooding phenomena and the amount of coking value as an important laboratory parameter to reduce the volume of inlet sediments entering the distillation column. Data and results of changes made on each of these three operational parameters showed their effectiveness in controlling the severity of the flooding phenomena.
Main results: In order to control and reduce the problems caused by the simultaneous flooding phenomena around the vacuum pump, the boiler feed water flow of the inlet to the condenser and the flow of the net output product were proportionally increased until the operating conditions of the distillation column are normalized. In this study, how to control the flooding phenomena and reduce the adverse effects due to the accumulation of sediments in the downcomer area of tray No. 22 and above was investigated.
To overcome these problems, first the vacuum pump rotation speed was increased from 850 rpm to 1250 rpm and the boiler feed water inlet to the condenser from 1.95 m³/hr to 3.2 m³/hr was increased. On the other hand, in order to prevent contamination of the pure product, the net output product flow rate also increased from 925 kg/hr to 2300 kg/hr. Also, with regular and accurate control of the coking value index as a very important laboratory parameter, the volume of coke sediments in the coal tar feed entering the distillation column was reduced from 37.5% by weight to 18.4% in a 30-day period after centrifugation.

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Abstract:
'The present study examines the women's functions in the Kohkiluyeh-and-Boyer-Ahmad's folk tales. Myths have long played a significant role in the preservation of ancient cultural heritage among all nations and societies, so the legends of the people of Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad are not exception. In the structure of these stories, women, like the driving force of the events, have had a significant role in the ups and downs, and protagonist and antagonist characters.  

Keywords: Kohkiluyeh-and-Boyer-Ahmad legends; Propp's morphology; women's functions; women's social status.
‌‌‌Research background
In Iran, in addition to books such as Iranian Tales by Anjavi Shirazi, Iranian Folk Tales by Zekouti, Mashdi Galin Khanum by Saten, Epistemology of Magic Legends by Khadish, Iranian Folk Literature by Mahjoub, etc., other individual research articles have been conducted, such as The morphology of romantic anecdotes, the role of women in the millennial night based on the narrative theory of Mashhadi and Meqdadi's props, the image and position of women in Samak Ayar and Darabnameh by Karami and Hesampour, the morphology of Isfahan's folk tales by Hooman Shakeri Bakhtiari written by Hatampour and Mahmoudi, Image of a woman in Gilan folk tales by Heydari and Ismailzadeh, illustration of women in Persian folk tales by Shasani and a critique on the focus of female heroes in folk tales by Khadish. Needless to say, no books, treatises, or articles on Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad's folk tales have been written so far. Myths are divided into two categories in terms of sari and current as living legends and the dead (Daryabandari, 2001, p. 20).
Aims, questions, assumptions
The legends of Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad are the most vivid and dynamic legends that are still alive. Given the importance of these stories, the authors tried to figure out the functions of women through raising the following questions:

 - What is the role of women in the structure of stories and what role do they play in mobilizing the driving force of the stories?

 - Have the positive or negative self-actions of women in the course of the story had profound cultural and social effects?

To answer the above mentioned questions, one hundred and thirty folk tales were recorded, written and studied.
Discussion
Folk tales are an important part of the cultural heritage, so its protection is of great importance. One of the reasons for this value and credibility is the fact that it has been passed down by ordinary people and the lower classes of the society, and that it has remained among a generation that may or may not be alive for a long time. In addition, through these legends, one can become aware of the extent of their dissemination and similarities between each of them, and also of the common events between nations (Ulrich Marzelf, 1997, p. 15). Because mythological stories, folklore, and legends are the spiritual heritage of any nation, researchers such as Campbell, Mircea, Strauss, and others have paid special attention to them. Some researchers also believe that myths are diverse phenomena that cannot be explored at once (Propp, 2013, p. 25). However, some other scholars believe that not only much attention has been paid to folklore and popular literature in general, but it is also has been viewed with contempt (Sipak, 2005, p. 12).
 The villainous character of the story may be a dragon, a demon, a thief, a witch, a zenith, a giant, a leopard, or a demon. Every story begins with an evil or a need and deficiency. Women having an important role in the story, can take control of the course of the story as far as their role-playing allows, determine the direction and even the end of the story. When women have the role of a villain, they try as hard as they can to play the role well, such as the one in The Legend of the Dal Daughter, Gole Nar Duneh Anar (Hatati), Shah Maran (Old Woman), Demon and Girl (stepmother), Yellow Calf (stepmother), Parijan (stepmother), Ali Mishza (King's wife), Kachalak (stepmother), etc. Whenever they enter the story in the role of a hero, they try to achieve their goal as much as they can such as the one in the legends of Seven Brothers and One Sister, Inevitable Girl, Moon TT, and Stepmother.

The character and role-playing of women in the structural analysis is very important from the cultural and social point of view, as the two categories of women are in opposition to each other (in one respect) and overlapping (in other respects). Positive characters include heroes, benefactors, and helpers who are influential in the community, and against them, negative characters such as villains, stepmothers, false heroes, and witches are considered as evil and disliked. Negative personality tends to be positive; in other words, either she does not have the tools to do so, or the society does not accept him because of his behavioral background, social status, ugly appearance, and lack of self-confidence. Therefore, the hero, his position, his social and class status are envied. As a result, she tries to replace him by removing or imitating the hero. In general, these factors lead to evil and personal and social misconduct. The purpose of such stories is to expand the characteristics of the female heroes, including perfectionism, loftiness, self-sacrifice, altruism and self-help, lovemaking, nature, love, hard work, and responsibility. It is patience and perseverance, not evil traits and behaviors, or a false hero which is to be expanded.

Conclusion

In Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad's stories, in general, women play the roles of the mother (44 cases), stepmother (11 cases), wife (69 cases), old woman (17 cases), maid (3 cases) and daughter (58 cases). Their selfishness was observed in seven evil roles (24 cases), hero (17 cases), false hero (4 cases), helper (20 cases), benefactor (8 cases), princess (12 cases) and emissary owner (2 cases), which were evident in the stories under investigation. These roles show the function of women and their place in these myths.

References 

-Daryabandari, N. (2001). Myth of myth: explanation of several theories in legendology and critique of a term (in Farsi). Tehran: Karnameh.

-Khadish, P. (2012). The morphology of magical myths (in Farsi). Tehran: Scientific and Cultural. 

-Marzelf, U. (2012). Classification of Iranian stories (translated into Farsi by Kikavus Jahandari). Tehran: Soroush.

-Propp, V. (2013). The morphology of fairy tales (translated into Farsi by Fereydoun Badrahai). Tehran: Toos

-Sipak, Y. (2005). Iranian folklore literature (in Farsi). Tehran: Soroush.

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Abstract- Gaseous detonation in tubes produces moving pressure-thermal waves. A gaseous detonation consists of a shock wave and a reaction zone that are tightly coupled. The speed, pressure, and temperature of the products of detonation depend on the type and amount of the initial mixture. The maximum pressure of mechanical wave caused by detonation can be as high as 20-30 times the ambient pressure and temperature of gas in detonation may exceed 2000°C. The mechanical shock waves can cause oscillating strains in the tube wall, which can be several times higher than the equivalent static strains. On the other hand, the passage of the heat wave produces thermal stresses in the tube wall. In the current study the resulting mechanical and thermal stresses have been assessed using numerical simulations. In practice, the mechanical and thermal displacements have been computed separately. Finally, the combined effects of mechanical and thermal stresses caused by gaseous detonation have been simulated.

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A field study was conducted to determine the integration of split N fertilization and herbicide application on weed management and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in Shiraz, Iran, in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 growing seasons. The experimental design was split plot with four replications. Main factors consisted of N timing and splitting, and sub plots included iodosulfuron–methyl–sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium, solfosulfuron and two weedy and weed free controls. Compared with the weedy check, iodosulfuron–methyl–sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium and solfosulfuron reduced weed biomass by 66% in 2005/06 and 55% in 2006/07, 37% in 2005/06 and 45% in 2006/07, respectively. In all herbicide treatments applied in both years, the highest (353.6 kg h-1 in 2005/06 and 224.1 kg h-1 in 2006/07) and the lowest (65.6 kg h-1 in 2005/06, and 24.0 kg h-1 in 2006/07) weed biomass were obtained from the full N (304 kg urea ha-1) application at tillering stage and zero N application at sowing and stem elongation stages T1N0, T2N1, T3N0 and no N fertilization at sowing, tillering and stem elongation stages T1N0, T2N0 and T3N0. Nitrogen use efficiency of the crop increased when N was split. Consequently, wheat LAI and grain yield increased. However, in the presence of weeds, both LAI and grain yield increases were lower. The results of the present study showed that integration of N and herbicide treatments caused even a higher increase in wheat LAI and grain yield, but resulted in a higher reduction in weed biomass when compared with either treatment alone. N splitting of T1N½, T2N½ and T3N0 increased wheat grain yield (61% in 2005/06 and 75% in 2006/07), biological yield (76% in 2005/06, 94% in 2006/07), and LAI (62% in 2005/06 and 2006/07). In conclusion, weed control was essential for efficient use of N fertilizer by the crop. Therefore, in order to increase wheat grain yield, integration of split N and herbicide is recommended for the region. The results of this study showed that N splitting treatments of T1N½, T2N½, T3N0 and iodosulfuron–methyl–sodium plus mesosulfuron–methyl–sodium had the best efficiency in terms of weed control in wheat.

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One of the natural hazards is the flood occurrence. This natural phenomenon can lead to more risks on the riversides, especially at the downstream of dams and floodgates and near the bridges. Rivers that pass through forest areas on their route can carry a lot of wooden pieces. One of the issues that increases the flood damages, especially in mountainous and forest areas, is the entry of trees and wood chunks and trees branches into the rivers and their movement to the downstream of flow. Generally, these floating tree branches and wooden pieces are called driftwood. Rivers are fast in mountain slopes and can carry more driftwood. This will carry more material and objects floating along the river flow and causes the timber or driftwood accumulation in the bridge spans and river flow obstruction, thereby reducing the capacity of flood flow. Reducing the capacity of intersecting structures provides the conditions for entering the flood into the marginal waters of the river and causing a rise in water flow and secondary damages. Due to the potential risks, it is very difficult to study such a mechanism in nature, so it is necessary to examine these conditions by experimental studies and these condition and hydraulic flow changes are measured with high precision. Parameters such as the rate of uplift flow, the probability of obstruction by the driftwood, the type and dimensions of the trapped driftwood, etc., are among these. The present study, with laboratory modeling, examines the process of river flow obstruction due to the movement of floating driftwood in Mountain Rivers. A bridge was built with protective railings in a rectangular channel for study. Each of the experiments was carried out with different conditions, including the size and the number of driftwood, and the presence or absence of branches in several times. Experiments was carried out with two different modes of existence and lack of bridge pier in three levels of water flow. Also, the type of flow of experiments was modeled in two sub-critical and one super-critical state, 3 different slopes and 9 different discharges. Each of the tests is repeated ten times with similar conditions. According to the definition given in this study, an obstruction occurs when at least one of logs or driftwoods stops for at least 30 seconds at the bridge section. The results of the tests showed that the effect of branches on the flow level increase is more than twice that of driftwoods without branches, and that with increasing initial height of the stream and passing from the surface below the bridge deck, the growth rate of the water level decreases compared to the initial height. Also, the correlation of the effect of changes in the number of driftwood with branches is greater than the same value in driftwood without branches and is closer to number one. Another important result in this paper is that the effect of the initial height of the flow on the increasing the flow level is less than the driftwood branches. This is the result of a comparison of the gradient of Changes in water flow height in two states.

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Maternal separation (MS) is a model to induce early life stress (CNS) and is related to increased levels of anxiety and cognitive deficiencies. Voluntary exercise has been shown to be associated with learning and memory improvement in behavioral tests and electrophysiological experiments. Since it plays a significant role in learning and memory and enhances synaptic plasticity, the authors hypothesized that voluntary exercise may affect MS-induced changes in synaptic plasticity and cognitive performance.
Rat pups underwent the MS protocol for 180 min/day from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 21. Voluntary exercise was performed in the exercise (Ex and MS + Ex groups from PND 29 to 49. Anxiety-like behavior, learning and memory were measured in adolescent rats. In addition, evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) were recorded from the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
MS induced higher anxiety-like behavior as well as impaired learning and memory, but did not affect locomotor activity. Voluntary exercise improved MS-induced deficits and increased the learning and memory of MS rats. It also decreased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test. The results revealed that long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced in all groups, except for MS. However, voluntary exercise induced LTP and had maintenance in MS + Ex.

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Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a warm-season plant, which is originated from Andes and Mesoamerica. There are wide range of morphological and biochemical characteristics in snap bean varieties. Snap bean is harvested for its green pods. The pods are a valuable source of dietary protein, essential vitamins, low-calorie carbohydrates, fiber, and minerals for human health. The evaluation of eight different snap bean varieties, namely, ‘Pirbakran’, ‘Sunray’, ‘Burpees’, ‘Valentine’, ‘Dragon’, ‘Kentucky’, ‘Cherokee’, and ‘Id-Market’ for their cultivation and nutritional value illustrated that P. vulgaris var. Burpees’ had higher carotenoid (56%), antioxidant (16%), and  phenolic compound (69%) than the popular commercial variety’ Pirbakran’. Folate content was 33%, and total essential amino acids were 20.6% higher than ‘Pirbakran’, while the pole type ‘Kentucky’ showed better vegetative and pod yield indices. Additionally, ‘Burpees’ had the highest calcium content, which was almost 40% higher than the other varieties and two times higher in Zn compared to ‘Valentine’ and ‘Kentucky’. In conclusion, ‘Burpees’ can be recommended based on its high productivity in terms of vegetative growth and pod yield, and nutraceutical values, including folate and total essential amino acids, compared to the other seven varieties.