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Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
In 2011-2012 surveys for phytoplasma diseases, eggplant )Solanum melongena L.( plants with phyllody symptoms were observed in eggplant fields of Roodan (Hormozgan province of Iran). Agent of Roodan Eggplant Phyllody (REP) was transmitted from phyllody affected eggplant to eggplant and tomato by grafting and to periwinkle via dodder inoculation inducing phytoplasma-type symptoms. Phytoplasmal infection also was demonstrated by positive direct PCR reaction with phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 and nested PCR using P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs.A P1/P7 primed PCR product from a naturally phyllody affected eggplant was cloned and sequenced and submitted to GenBank under accession number JX464669. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of P1/P7-primed PCR product indicated the presence of a pigeon pea witches'-broom (16SrIX) group related phytoplasma in naturally phyllody affected eggplants. Using 16S rRNA and SR sequences, Blast search, phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analyses and nucleotide homology percent revealed that REP associated phytoplasma is classified with members of 16SrIX-C subgroup. To our knowledge eggplant is reported for the first time as a host for a 16SrIX group related phytoplasma.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2001)
Abstract
Mohammad Tohidi Fard Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Tarbiat Modares University The phenomenon of Globalization of the Criminal Law is the historical process reaction and logical result that raise from the political philosophy and international criminal law doctorins. With the existance of regional penal regims and extranational movements in the historical human memory, the modern penal philosophy thoughts and minimal state theory for safeguarding the rights and freedom individuals and regarding the minimum principals and standards of the international humanitarian law based on rational socialism to gain speed to this movement. The conflict of the national criminal systems that appear in the legislation. Juridicial and enforcement competency with regarding the absence of the negative or positive authority of the foreign penal sentence and expanding the dcliqucncy rate and world felony organization and change the traditional identification and form of international organized crime to the world trade felony and impossible of extradition ideal thought of the global ization of the criminal Law goes to fact good efforts of the United Nations Organization for compilation the Article of the international criminal court was admitted with majority of countries. The first permanent and independent world judicial institution, This court with the general competency was assigned to challenge with the important international felonies, This new institution is the beginning practical steps to the Globalization of the Criminal law and has the important role in this process. In this article the structure, Competency and applicable law in this court.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
Mohammad Tohidi Fard Ph.D. Graduate, Tarbiat Modarres University One of the most significant events related to the beginning of twenty first century is the trrific evidence of Sep. the 11 th of 2001 in which horrible attacks were done against economical, political and military center of the U.S.A. Many people stated this event as a new born beginning in the world records. Considering different dimension of this evidence and reactions of other governments around the world, the U.S.A. attacked Afghanistan in order to perish causes of destroying the twin towers and the Pentagon under the name of "Battle against the terrorism" .As a result, Taliban system in Afghanistan perished but with the new configuration of Afghanistan government, the rumor of U.S.A. military operation toward Iraq, Somali and Yemen spread more. The evidence of the Sep. the 11 th of 2001 from the International Criminal Law point of view as International Terrorism is am instamce of an International governmental Crime which means a threat against International peace and security. Against such criminal activities, U.N. Security Council can use the mentioned authorities in the 7 th part of the U.N. Charter, actions on 41 and 42 Articles, with subject of applying to the punitive sanctions. In case of no application on behalf of Security Council, according to the 51 Article of the U.N. Charter, victim Government can lise its own rights of defence and Counter armed attacks according to legal points of self-defence.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Aims: HIF-1 transcription factor is a key determinant of oxygen-dependent gene regulation, which its role has been demonstrated for the survival and progress of cancer tumors. The effect of suppression of HIF-1α on the evaluation of HIF-1 dependent processes and interference with pathophysiological events caused by hypoxia is important. The aim of this study was the apoptosis induction in glioma cells by downregulation of Hif-1α gene.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a specific siRNA against the HIF1α gene was developed using OligoWalk and Mit (siRNA.wi.mit.edu) servers and the online design department of Invivogene and Qiagene companies and the efficacy of its silencing in the U87 glioma cell line was quantitatively investigated by the Real-time PCR technique. In order to find out the effect of reduction of expression in the process of cell cycle and apoptosis, staining with PI and Annexin-PI was performed and the number of cells in each phase and the rate of cell mortality with control were compared by flow cytometry.
Findings: The designed HIF-1a-siRNA was able to reduce HIF1α expression by 40%. The treatment of U87 cells after 24 hours increased the cells by 6% and after 48 hours, increased them by 12% in the sub G1 stage. Confirming the cell cycle changes, 48-hour treatment induced apoptosis in 58% of cells; regarding the 1.5% rate of apoptosis in the control cells, this cell death rate was very significant and showed the ability of the designed siRNA to induce apoptosis.
Conclusion: The apoptosis induction of specific siRNA designed against HIF1α gene has a significant effect on the reduction of HIF-1α gene expression, cell growth, and apoptosis.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a specific siRNA against the HIF1α gene was developed using OligoWalk and Mit (siRNA.wi.mit.edu) servers and the online design department of Invivogene and Qiagene companies and the efficacy of its silencing in the U87 glioma cell line was quantitatively investigated by the Real-time PCR technique. In order to find out the effect of reduction of expression in the process of cell cycle and apoptosis, staining with PI and Annexin-PI was performed and the number of cells in each phase and the rate of cell mortality with control were compared by flow cytometry.
Findings: The designed HIF-1a-siRNA was able to reduce HIF1α expression by 40%. The treatment of U87 cells after 24 hours increased the cells by 6% and after 48 hours, increased them by 12% in the sub G1 stage. Confirming the cell cycle changes, 48-hour treatment induced apoptosis in 58% of cells; regarding the 1.5% rate of apoptosis in the control cells, this cell death rate was very significant and showed the ability of the designed siRNA to induce apoptosis.
Conclusion: The apoptosis induction of specific siRNA designed against HIF1α gene has a significant effect on the reduction of HIF-1α gene expression, cell growth, and apoptosis.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in the development of many diseases such as periodontitis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. One of the methods for stability of enzyme is using deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deep eutectic solvent on stability and structure of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 with therapeutic purpose.
Materials and Methods: Herein, active full length recombinant human MMP-9 (amino acid residues 107-707) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, using the vector pET21a, and purification and refolding were conducted, using urea gradient method on Ni-NTA column, simultaneously. The effect of DES based on choline chloride and glycerol with a 1:1 mol ratio was investigated on activity, stability, and structure of MMP-9. The enzyme activity at different concentrations of gelatin in the presence of 15% and 30% volume/volume DESs at pH 7.8 was investigated for obtaining Vmax and km by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, using the Prism 5.0 software.
Findings: With an increase in the percentage of solvents up to 30%, the specific activity of enzyme increased, followed by a decreasing trend, and in the presence of a 30% volume/volume solvent at a temperature of 50°C and 60°C, compared with a 15% solvent and no solvent, contained more residue activity. The results showed more solubility of enzyme in 30% solvent.
Conclusion: MMp-9 has the highest activity in presence of 30% volume/volume DES based on choline chloride and glycerol. Increase in thermal stability of MMp-9 can be attributed to compactness of structure in the presence of DES.
Materials and Methods: Herein, active full length recombinant human MMP-9 (amino acid residues 107-707) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, using the vector pET21a, and purification and refolding were conducted, using urea gradient method on Ni-NTA column, simultaneously. The effect of DES based on choline chloride and glycerol with a 1:1 mol ratio was investigated on activity, stability, and structure of MMP-9. The enzyme activity at different concentrations of gelatin in the presence of 15% and 30% volume/volume DESs at pH 7.8 was investigated for obtaining Vmax and km by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, using the Prism 5.0 software.
Findings: With an increase in the percentage of solvents up to 30%, the specific activity of enzyme increased, followed by a decreasing trend, and in the presence of a 30% volume/volume solvent at a temperature of 50°C and 60°C, compared with a 15% solvent and no solvent, contained more residue activity. The results showed more solubility of enzyme in 30% solvent.
Conclusion: MMp-9 has the highest activity in presence of 30% volume/volume DES based on choline chloride and glycerol. Increase in thermal stability of MMp-9 can be attributed to compactness of structure in the presence of DES.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (Summer 2019)
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties of nanoscale plasmonic materials have attracted considerable attention in the fabrication of hybrid nano-bio structures because of their promising applications in biosensing, imaging, and controlled-release drug delivery. The purpose of this study was the synthesis of functionalized gold nanorods (GNRs) to both reduce the toxicity and increase the biocompatibility for further applications such as the design of a therapeutic nanocarrier for nucleic acid delivery to cancerous cells. In this study, GNRs were prepared by seed-mediated method and their surface was modified by polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) polymer. Then, peptide-functionalized GNRs was fabricated via ligand exchange method through the Au-S bond. The CTAB-GNRs and functionalized nanostructures were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential measurement. Finally, the cytotoxicity effects of functionalized GNRs on Hela cells were studied by MTT assay. The optimal concentration of PSS and peptide, which did not cause any aggregation and morphological perturbations of the nanostructure were obtained 50μM and 1mM respectively. The survival percentage of treated Hela cells significantly increased by surface modification of GNRs with PSS and functionalization with peptide compared to CTAB-GNRs. While LC50 of functionalized GNRs was calculated 50nM, treated cells with the same concentrations of CTABGNRs survived less than 20%. Functionalization of GNRs increases its biocompatibility and improves applications of this nanostructure as a therapeutic carrier in cancerous cells.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract
Recent researches on the application of nanoparticles have been focused on nanostructures of gold with rod morphology, due to having outstanding optical properties for diagnostics and therapeutics of the diseases. The rod morphology of the nanostructures enables strong and sensitive absorption of surface plasmon in the infrared region. In the present research, based on the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance of gold nanorods to trace changes in the local environment, as well as the importance of rapid detection of trace amounts of albumin in urine, functionalization, and stability of these nanostructures with anti-albumin antibody has been investigated in different concentrations, volumes, time and pH changes. The results of spectroscopic studies of different samples in the visible spectrum near-infrared waves showed that gold nanorods have desirable stability, and their rod morphology characteristic is maintained. The study of the temporal stability of samples showed that the complex samples were stable up to 48 hours for sensing applications. Primary monitoring of the function of the nanobiosensor in the presence of albumin with two normal and abnormal levels of concentration revealed remarkable changes in interparticle distance, size, and morphology of the nanostructures. According to this research, the rod nanostructures can be used to design simple nanobiosensors.
Volume 11, Issue 2 (Spring 2020)
Abstract
Aptamers, DNA or RNA single-stranded sequences, have different applications in biological investigations, such as apatsensors, due to their many advantages including high specificity and affinity, cost-effectiveness and easy synthesis. In this study, an aptasensor was designed based on the changes in the SPR spectra of gold nanoparticle, in order to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) cancer indicator as a marker for breast cancer. In the presence of aptamer, gold nanoparticles were stable, SPR spectrum of gold nanoparticle was unchanged after adding NaCl. However, in the presence of CEA as a cancer marker, aptamer binds to the target molecule and by adding NaCl consequently the SPR spectrum of gold nanoparticles is changed. The results of this study showed that the designed aptasensor enables the detection of CEA over a range of 50 ng ml-1. The limit of detection was about 22.75 ng ml-1. It seems this aptasensor can be used in detection of carcinoembryonic antigen cancer marker.
Volume 12, Issue 60 (12-2024)
Abstract
A huge part of culture and oral literature of any nation is popular literature. This type of literature includes habits, traditions, legends, beliefs, rituals, customs and proverbs of nations. Popular beliefs in any land indicate the elevation of the culture and civilization of that society, which over many years, have become important and essential resources in the possession and employment of poets and writers in the whole world, especially poets and writers of the Persian language. Mulla Mohammad Rafi Qazvini, a devoted preacher, is one of the famous scholars, Khutba, writers and poets and the owner of the style of the Safavid era in the 11th century of Hijri, who used a new form of language, preferring the throne and the school of the street and the market over the throne and the school. Safavid sultans, following their predecessors, thinking with the poets of their time, depicted popular beliefs and opinions in different forms in their poems. In this research, with the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library sources, most of the popular beliefs and opinions, in the whole of the poet's sonnets, extensive verses and quatrains, were extracted and examined by providing example evidence from previous prose and verse texts and poets of the same style. The result of the research is that in Vaez's poems, especially the sonnets, inspired by the poets of the Indian style, especially Saeb Tabrizi, there are popular beliefs, along with other poetic meanings and themes, due to the horizontal connection of the sonnet verses and the use of the artistic and literary phenomenon of the equation of frequency style.
Research background
Regarding the popular beliefs in the preacher's poems, no research has been done so far in the form of books, articles, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations. The present study is the first research work that has investigated and analyzed the popular beliefs and opinions in the poems of Vaez Qazvini, by providing example evidence from the previous prose and verse texts and contemporary poets of the time. The studies that have been done in the field of Qazvini's preacher and his poetic features are: Alimi et al. (2019), which investigated and analyzed the association of meanings in the poems of Waez Qazvini based on the innovative techniques used in the poems of Waez Qazvini; Najarian and Hatampour (2016) analyzed the literary industries of Vaiz Qazvini's Chapters of Al-Jinan; Najarian and Hatampour (2012) studied the effectiveness of the Qazvini preacher from the book of Varam in the context of Kabar and Ajab, Riya and Sama; Babaei (2023) has investigated and analyzed the didactic literature in the poems of Vaez Qazvini.
Goals, questions and research methods
The author's goal is to investigate and analyze the popular beliefs and opinions in the whole of the Ghazals, and scattered verses and quatrains of Waez Qazvini. The following questions have been answered in this research:
1.What is the position of folk beliefs in Vaez Qazvini's poem?
2. Considering Waez Qazvini, and his predecessors and thinking with the poets of the Safavid era, how has he depicted popular beliefs in his poems?
3. How, Vaez Qazvini, inspired by the poets of his style, especially Saeb Tabrizi, has benefited from the artistic and literary phenomenon of the equation style in dealing with popular beliefs?
The research method was library and descriptive-analytical. First of all, the study of books and articles that have mentioned the topic under discussion were reviewed. In the next stage, all the poems, scattered verses and quatrains of Waez Qazvini were studied carefully, and most of the popular beliefs and opinions were extracted
Discussion and conclusion
Mullah Mohammad Rafi Qazvini, nicknamed the preacher, is one of the famous scholars, khutba, writers and poets and the owner of the style of the Safavid era in the 11th century of Hijri, who used a new form of language, preferring the throne and school of street and bazaar to the throne and school of sultans. He followed his predecessors and portrayed popular beliefs and ideas in his poems in different forms. The phenomenon of the imagination of the equation style, inspired by poets of the Indian style, such as Saeb, plays an essential role in the expression of popular beliefs and ideas used in the poems of Vaez Qazvini. In allegory, characters, times and places are usually changed. Allegorical characters are usually animals and inanimate objects. Because these objects have behaviors similar to human behaviors, they find a kind of humanity. That is, they become owners of thoughts, actions and personalities like humans (Mohammadi, 1995, p. 141). Allegory and equation style is one of the most important coordinates of Indian style, but it was also used in earlier styles such as Iraqi style and Khorasani style. However, in Khorasani and Iraqi poetry styles, the allegory is mentioned in one verse and the allegory in another verse. The main difference between the parables of pre-Indian styles and this one is in the number of stanzas. Parables of the Indian style are generally presented in one stanza and those of other styles in more than one stanza. In other words, parables can be divided into two categories: 1. Compact parables, 2. Extended allegories. Allegories of Indian style, compact allegories, allegories of other styles, are generally broad allegories (ibid, pp. 142-143).
In this study, most of the common beliefs of the preacher's poems, within the scope of sonnets, scattered verses and quatrains of the poet, have been extracted from the beginning to the end, and by citing examples of evidence from earlier prose and verse texts and contemporary poets of the poet and those after him, a detailed examination has been conducted. Beliefs and ideas can be seen in the poems of Safavid poets, which were not seen in the poems of previous poets, and the signs of those beliefs and ideas cannot be given. Waez Qazvini, inspired by his predecessors and poets of the same style, has depicted popular beliefs in different forms in his poems. By examining Waez's poems, especially his sonnets, it can be seen that in common with poets of the Indian style, such as Saeb Tabrizi, popular beliefs have a very wide reflection due to the horizontal connection of the verses of the sonnet and the use of the imaginary element (the style of simile). The only innovation of the poet is in presenting popular beliefs in comparison with previous poets.
Research background
Regarding the popular beliefs in the preacher's poems, no research has been done so far in the form of books, articles, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations. The present study is the first research work that has investigated and analyzed the popular beliefs and opinions in the poems of Vaez Qazvini, by providing example evidence from the previous prose and verse texts and contemporary poets of the time. The studies that have been done in the field of Qazvini's preacher and his poetic features are: Alimi et al. (2019), which investigated and analyzed the association of meanings in the poems of Waez Qazvini based on the innovative techniques used in the poems of Waez Qazvini; Najarian and Hatampour (2016) analyzed the literary industries of Vaiz Qazvini's Chapters of Al-Jinan; Najarian and Hatampour (2012) studied the effectiveness of the Qazvini preacher from the book of Varam in the context of Kabar and Ajab, Riya and Sama; Babaei (2023) has investigated and analyzed the didactic literature in the poems of Vaez Qazvini.
Goals, questions and research methods
The author's goal is to investigate and analyze the popular beliefs and opinions in the whole of the Ghazals, and scattered verses and quatrains of Waez Qazvini. The following questions have been answered in this research:
1.What is the position of folk beliefs in Vaez Qazvini's poem?
2. Considering Waez Qazvini, and his predecessors and thinking with the poets of the Safavid era, how has he depicted popular beliefs in his poems?
3. How, Vaez Qazvini, inspired by the poets of his style, especially Saeb Tabrizi, has benefited from the artistic and literary phenomenon of the equation style in dealing with popular beliefs?
The research method was library and descriptive-analytical. First of all, the study of books and articles that have mentioned the topic under discussion were reviewed. In the next stage, all the poems, scattered verses and quatrains of Waez Qazvini were studied carefully, and most of the popular beliefs and opinions were extracted
Discussion and conclusion
Mullah Mohammad Rafi Qazvini, nicknamed the preacher, is one of the famous scholars, khutba, writers and poets and the owner of the style of the Safavid era in the 11th century of Hijri, who used a new form of language, preferring the throne and school of street and bazaar to the throne and school of sultans. He followed his predecessors and portrayed popular beliefs and ideas in his poems in different forms. The phenomenon of the imagination of the equation style, inspired by poets of the Indian style, such as Saeb, plays an essential role in the expression of popular beliefs and ideas used in the poems of Vaez Qazvini. In allegory, characters, times and places are usually changed. Allegorical characters are usually animals and inanimate objects. Because these objects have behaviors similar to human behaviors, they find a kind of humanity. That is, they become owners of thoughts, actions and personalities like humans (Mohammadi, 1995, p. 141). Allegory and equation style is one of the most important coordinates of Indian style, but it was also used in earlier styles such as Iraqi style and Khorasani style. However, in Khorasani and Iraqi poetry styles, the allegory is mentioned in one verse and the allegory in another verse. The main difference between the parables of pre-Indian styles and this one is in the number of stanzas. Parables of the Indian style are generally presented in one stanza and those of other styles in more than one stanza. In other words, parables can be divided into two categories: 1. Compact parables, 2. Extended allegories. Allegories of Indian style, compact allegories, allegories of other styles, are generally broad allegories (ibid, pp. 142-143).
In this study, most of the common beliefs of the preacher's poems, within the scope of sonnets, scattered verses and quatrains of the poet, have been extracted from the beginning to the end, and by citing examples of evidence from earlier prose and verse texts and contemporary poets of the poet and those after him, a detailed examination has been conducted. Beliefs and ideas can be seen in the poems of Safavid poets, which were not seen in the poems of previous poets, and the signs of those beliefs and ideas cannot be given. Waez Qazvini, inspired by his predecessors and poets of the same style, has depicted popular beliefs in different forms in his poems. By examining Waez's poems, especially his sonnets, it can be seen that in common with poets of the Indian style, such as Saeb Tabrizi, popular beliefs have a very wide reflection due to the horizontal connection of the verses of the sonnet and the use of the imaginary element (the style of simile). The only innovation of the poet is in presenting popular beliefs in comparison with previous poets.
Amir tohidi,
Volume 17, Issue 11 (1-2018)
Volume 17, Issue 11 (1-2018)
Abstract
In this study, the effect of chaotic advection on laminar mixing is analyzed experimentally and numerically. Mixer includes two circular rotors and a circular stator in the way that rotational speed of each rotor could be controlled by time. This kind of mixer is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The performance of the mixer was investigated experimentally with dye injection and image recording. Moreover, the effect of chaotic flow on mixing numerically is studied qualitatively and quantitatively with Lagrangian fluid particle tracing, calculating the stretching rate of fluid elements and Poincare sections. The experimental results indicate that as a result of applying sinusoidal perturbation on rotational velocity of rotors, weak mixing zones will disappear with the passage of time, and fluid particles will be distributed uniformly in the surface of the mixer. Numerical simulation shows that the mixer flow is sensitive to initial condition when rotational velocity of rotors is variable, and this is one of important factors in chaotic flow. Further, calculation of stretching rate of fluid elements indicates that average exponential value of fluid elements stretching in the chaotic flow is two times more than non-chaotic one. This research, based on scientific concepts and theoretical application of chaos in fluid mechanics, denotes that the efficiency of low-speed mixers in highly viscous fluid mixing is increased without any increase in the consuming energy.
Volume 21, Issue 2 (Summer 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Developing an effective vaccine against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is necessary. The aim of this study was the immunological evaluation of HIV-1 VLP harboring MPER-V3 in BALB/c mice model.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental research, presenting 40 female mice, which were between 6 and 8 weeks old, were used for immunization with VLP MPER-V3. The mice were divided into 8 groups and in each group, 5 mice were considered. Injections were performed three times at three weeks intervals and subcutaneously in a volume of 100μl per mouse. Two weeks after last injection, mouse blood samples were collected by retro-orbital bleeding and immune responses were evaluated in serum for levels of total IgG and splenocytes for cytokine assay, using ELISA method. The data analysis was performed, using Mann-Whitney test and one-way analysis of variance.
Findings: The level of total antibody production was very high in all groups that had VLP alone or with adjuvant immunity, having a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). IgG1 was the predominant isotype (Th2-biased response) in groups that had VLP injections alone or with adjuvant.
Conclusion: VLPs can stimulate the humoral immune system in mice immunized with these particles alone or formulated with adjuvant. Also, the level of production of IL-5 in the presence of the vaccine candidate as VLP increased significantly.
Materials and Methods: In the present experimental research, presenting 40 female mice, which were between 6 and 8 weeks old, were used for immunization with VLP MPER-V3. The mice were divided into 8 groups and in each group, 5 mice were considered. Injections were performed three times at three weeks intervals and subcutaneously in a volume of 100μl per mouse. Two weeks after last injection, mouse blood samples were collected by retro-orbital bleeding and immune responses were evaluated in serum for levels of total IgG and splenocytes for cytokine assay, using ELISA method. The data analysis was performed, using Mann-Whitney test and one-way analysis of variance.
Findings: The level of total antibody production was very high in all groups that had VLP alone or with adjuvant immunity, having a significant difference with the control group (p<0.05). IgG1 was the predominant isotype (Th2-biased response) in groups that had VLP injections alone or with adjuvant.
Conclusion: VLPs can stimulate the humoral immune system in mice immunized with these particles alone or formulated with adjuvant. Also, the level of production of IL-5 in the presence of the vaccine candidate as VLP increased significantly.
Volume 22, Issue 3 (4-2020)
Abstract
Today, with the growing competition in domestic and international markets, the ability of agribusiness companies to survive and to grow depends on choosing and implementing a sustainable business strategy. However, this task actually is not as easy as it seems, because it is important to consider various criteria and interrelations between them for choosing the best business strategy. Additionally, matching business strategy with organizational resources is essential for gaining a competitive advantage. Using the ANP model, the purpose of the current study was to select the most suitable business strategy for one of the largest saffron companies in Iran. The results revealed that differentiation strategy had the highest priority with 39% of the influence. Another finding was that managerial capabilities among organizational resources were relatively more important in choosing a business strategy. According to the findings of the study, it is suggested that agribusiness firm managers pay special attention to three important elements, namely, improving the financial condition, knowing the needs of customers, and creation of new innovative products or services, to implement a differentiation strategy.
Volume 26, Issue 3 (5-2024)
Abstract
Ascorbic Acid (AsA) is a water-soluble antioxidant that makes plants resistant to environmental stresses by neutralizing free radicals. However, it is unknown to what extent this antioxidant may help Improve Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) and reduce the adverse effects of water deficit on mung bean growth and yield. In an attempt to clarify whether exogenous application of this antioxidant could alleviate the adverse effects of water deficit on mung bean plants, two seasons (2019 and 2020) of field experiments were conducted using twelve combinations of three AsA levels (distilled water as a control and 10 and 20 mM of AsA) and four irrigation water amounts (25, 50, 75, and 100% of the plant water requirement). Based on the results, the maximum IWUE was obtained with W50AsA20 in the two seasons. The beneficial effect of AsA application on IWUE was determined under water stress conditions (W50). High water deficit (W50) plus applying 20 mM ascorbic acid, i.e. W(50)AsA(20) treatment, improved seed yield about 43.7% as in the two seasons compared to high water deficit without ascorbic acid, i.e. W(50)AsA(0). In 2019 and 2020, water saving in W(50)AsA(20) compared to the control, was equal to 50% (2,550 and 2,500 m3 ha-1, respectively). In W(50)AsA(20) treatment, the increase of seed yield ranged between 79-107% in both seasons. Thus, the results reveal the potency of AsA to save water under low water supply and increase yield in mung bean fields.
Volume 30, Issue 3 (Fall 2024)
Abstract
Jean Baudrillard's theory of "simulation" is one of the postmodernist theories that seek to discover the formation of false truths in the thought of contemporary human. This theory, along with issues such as consumerism in the life of contemporary man and his captivity in the grip of capitalism, can explore the deep layers of postmodern human bewilderment. Applying this theory to the literary text is considered an interdisciplinary analysis. The present article has tried to analyze the impersonation of the Buddha by descriptive-analytical method and by applying the theory of pretense in the reading of the ode "The Prayer of Ghosts" by Nazhz al-Malaika and present a postmodernist reading of it and explain how the poet was able to use the simulation to create a new Buddha completely different from the real Buddha, a Buddha who is not the savior of humanity and suffers from constant torment and deprivation of peace. The conclusion of the article is that in this ode, the Buddha represents the same capitalist system that enslaves man and does not even allow him to die. This research can be considered as a new step in understanding postmodern philosophy and offering a new way to read literary texts that have not yet been analyzed in Arabic.
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