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This study investigated the relationship between sports attachment and sports orientation in recreational-sports clubs. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and method of collecting descriptive-survey information and is of correlation type. The process of data collection was also field. The population of this study was 480 athletes who were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. The standard sports attachment questionnaire (Gail 1993) and sports orientation questionnaire (Kyle et al., 2005) were used for data collection. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (center orientation and dispersion indices) and the Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to determine the relationship between variables using SPSS software version 24. The Pearson correlation test results showed a significant positive relationship between sports attachment and sport orientation with its dimensions of competitiveness, victory and goal orientation sports attachment. According to the research results, it can be said that the managers of sports clubs, per the components of attachment and orientation by holding domestic or foreign competitions, pay special attention to the need for competition, victory and goal-orientation of users.

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This study's purpose was to analyze recreational-sports clubs' social capital. The research is a descriptive survey in terms of applied purpose and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The population of this study was 480 athletes who were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. The standard social capital questionnaire in recreational clubs was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent and one-way analysis of variance tests using SPSS software version 24, were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the four components of social acceptance, behavioral norms, mutual trust, governance, and social norms are the most important components of social capital in leisure-sports clubs. And in general, to increase the quality of life and happiness of the people, investing in social capital is much more valuable than economic investment. Many groups, organizations, and human societies have succeeded without economic capital and relying solely on human and social capital, and they must have a strong emphasis on social capital.

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This paper presents a novel formulation for controlling the task space of the robot with the Remote Center of Motion (RCM) constraint in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). In MIS it is usually required to prevent any lateral motion at the point at which the robot enters the body, called the incision point or the trocar. Therefore, the surgical tool is only allowed to penetrate inside the body or rotate around its axis to avoid more injuries to the patient’s body. The proposed control law considers the RCM constraint at the kinematic level and the convergence of the task space error and regulation of RCM constraint are satisfied, simultaneously. Moreover, the null space of the robot is also exploited effectively within the framework to perform two additional tasks which can limit the RCM movement and optimize the manipulability measure of the robot. A comparative study is finally performed between the proposed approach and a well-known approach used in the literature. To evaluate the efficiency of the approach, a planar robot with 5 degrees of freedom with the trocar constraint is simulated and the results is verified successfully.

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Fenugreek with the scientific name (Trigonella foenum-graceum) is a hidden plant, and the fenugreek seed, which is the most important medicinal part of this plant, contains flavonoids, sesqui-terpenes, sterols, and mucilage fibers. In the present study, the aqueous-alcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds at four levels (zero, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) on some physicochemical characteristics (pH, acidity, hydration and viscosity), the amount of phenolic compounds, The antioxidant activity and sensory properties (taste, texture, color and overall acceptance) of the enriched stirred yogurt were evaluated during 14 days of storage. The results of data analysis showed that the sample containing 0.6 percent has the lowest and highest pH and acidity indicators, respectively. Also, by increasing the storage time up to 14 days and decreasing the pH, the amount of water content of all the samples increased significantly (P<0.05). The results showed that with a significant decrease in the content of phenolic compounds during the storage period, adding fenugreek seed extract to the amount of 0.6% in a period of 1 and especially 7 days increased the antioxidant activity and then, up to the storage time of 14 days, the antioxidant activity was low in some samples and with a very slight change in some samples (P<0.05). Also, the highest and lowest values of viscosity were 3500 centipoise (the control sample on the first day) and 703 centipoise (the sample containing 0.6% on the fourteenth day) (P<0.05). Finally, by examining the results of sensory properties, the sample containing fenugreek seed extract was able to get an acceptable score from the sensory evaluators compared to the control sample. Among the types of enriched and control yogurt formulations, the sample containing 0.6% extract had the highest degree of desirability in terms of sensory properties when stored for 1 day.