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In the current era, organizations are trying to adapt themselves with rapid environmental changes in a dynamic manner. Since environmental changes influence many aspects of organizations, they should be capable of utilizing the appropriate solutions in order to survive in the competitive atmosphere. One of the best methods and structures to deal with the rapidly changing environment is to become structurally agile. Agile organizations are working through a special and unique organizational structure, which fits them and assists in being more effective in work processes and operations. One of the first steps of forming an agile organization is to shape the organizational structure appropriatly. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of organizational structure on agility, which has led the authors to identify and measure the facilitating structural variables that improve organizational agility. By comprehensively studying relevant literature, the authors identified the most cited variables of measuring and improving the organizational structure. In the next step, a group of experts investigated the variables in order to determine their importance and priority on facilitating agility. Furthermore, based on a case study of one of the largest software development companies in Iran, the agility of this firm has been assessed and analyzed. The results of current research provide the scholars and practitioners with a set of practical suggestions and guidelines on how to become more agile in the current competitive market.

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 rnIn the current era, organizations are trying to dynamically adapt themselves to rapid environmental changes. Since environmental changes have great influence on organizations, they should utilize appropriate solutions in order to survive in such competitive environment. One of the best methods of dealing with changing environment is forming agile organizations which are capable of being more effective in their work processes and operations. One of the first steps in forming an agile organization is the creation of an appropriate organizational structure.rnThe main objective of this study is to examine the impact of organizational structure on organizational agility. This lead the authors to identify and prioritize structural variables which facilitate organizational agility. By comprehensively studying relevant literature, the authors identified the most significant variables which could be utilized for measuring organizational structure. A group of experts investigated the identified variables in order to determine their priority in facilitating organizational agility. In the final step, the agility of one of the largest Iranian software development companies was assessed in relation to the identified organizational structure variables.rnThe results of the current research provides a set of practical guidelines for firms on becoming agile in the current competitive environment.rn 

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Abstract The present Research as” Design Business Agility Dynamic Model in manufacturing organization with dynamic systems approach”was performed . Initially the literature review discussed. The data gathered in this stage provided us with the possibility to present a conceptual framework for the study. Subsequently, through interviewing with experts, some indices for evaluating the variables in the model were identified. On the following stage, a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire included 116 items, based on a 7-point Likert scale. After determining the validity and reliability of the results of the research revealed that agility capability, agility outcomes, and the internal supply chain of the organizations were less affected by environmental factors than agility enablers. The environmental drives by means of agility enablers, supply chain processes, agility capabilities and agility outcomes influence organizations Then, design Agility Dynamic Model and evaluated effect of changes in environmental drives and Policy of executives on organizational agility results After determining the validity and reliability of the results of the research revealed that agility capability, agility outcomes, and the internal supply chain of the organizations were less affected by environmental factors than agility enablers. The environmental drives by means of agility enablers, supply chain processes, agility capabilities and agility outcomes influence organizations Then, design Agility Dynamic Model and evaluated effect of changes in environmental drives and Policy of executives on organizational agility results

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Abstract The present Research as” Design Business Agility Dynamic Model in manufacturing organization with dynamic systems approach”was performed . Initially the literature review discussed. The data gathered in this stage provided us with the possibility to present a conceptual framework for the study. Subsequently, through interviewing with experts, some indices for evaluating the variables in the model were identified. On the following stage, a questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire included 116 items, based on a 7-point Likert scale. After determining the validity and reliability of the results of the research revealed that agility capability, agility outcomes, and the internal supply chain of the organizations were less affected by environmental factors than agility enablers. The environmental drives by means of agility enablers, supply chain processes, agility capabilities and agility outcomes influence organizations Then, design Agility Dynamic Model and evaluated effect of changes in environmental drives and Policy of executives on organizational agility results The environmental drives by means of agility enablers, supply chain processes, agility capabilities and agility outcomes influence organizations Then, design Agility Dynamic Model and evaluated effect of changes in environmental drives and Policy of executives on organizational agility resultsوThen, design Agility Dynamic Model and evaluated effect of changes in environmental drives and Policy of executives on organizational agility results

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Hosseini Beheshti.S.A. ,PH.D.
Abniki., H.
Abstract:
 
Paul Ricoeur, French thinker, gives priority to the text itself in his literary hermeneutics and is categorized in the text-centered group. He puts forward this key question in his theory if a literary text has semantic autonomy. He believes that the text has semantic autonomy based on three dimensions of  1) Author’s intention ,2) Primary reader and 3) Social-historical circumstances of the text production. According to this interpretation, the text is an array of words having meaning and the consciousness and intent of author and it’s social-historical conditions haven’t any role in formation of it’s meaning. It should be mentioned that there has been too controversies over this matter, that is, semantic autonomy of text, that each of controversies has noted to special dimension of it. One of these controversies is the subject of this essay, that is going to see to Paul Ricoeur’s literary and text-centered hermeneutics from the view of it’s function for interpretation of political novel. Therefore, in this essay, the existing political concepts in the political novel are important. The concepts like power, authority, and etc, that can make Ricoeur’s text model fragile, because Ricoeur’s work doesn’t provide a framework for interpretation of the political texts, in general, and political novel, in particular, by virtue of it’s focus over semantic conditions (Autonomy of the text from author and it’s social-historical circumstances).
 
 

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Nowadays, many organizations deal with increasing competition and environmental uncertainty, which caused by innovations in technologies and changes in customer needs. Considering this condition and existing environment, old and traditional supply chain has lost its efficiency. One efficient method in this regard is leagility. Thus, to model the leagility of supply chain, different researches was reviewed in literature. Results of these researches and experts interviews lead to 15 critical success factors of leagilty in supply chain. These factors were ask by an ISM and DEMATEL techniques questionnaires and experts were asked to set the relationships. Acquired results were analyzed by these two techniques. Obtained maps and relations showed that for both techniques using IT, management, employee training, designing supply chain network, process standardization and demand and supply management are the basics of leagilty in supply chain. This model would help supply chain managers with strategic planning to make improvement in leagility supply chain.

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The main goal of this paper is to determine the effect of Information technology on Intellectual capital and Knowledge management strategies. research type is of analytical survey. The statistical population was over 450 employees who work in Lorestan university. sample size was 208 employees which were obtained using random sampling - stratification. validity of questionnaire approved using content validity method and its reliability tested by Cronbach's alpha. For testing the hypothesis and conceptual model, structural equation approach using Amos 18 software were applied. result shows that the information technology has an effect on intellectual capital and knowledge management strategies and organizational agility. In addition, the organizational agility has a moderating effect on intellectual capital and knowledge management strategies in Lorestan University.  

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Change is the main characteristic of new business era. Confronting this changing environment, Agile Manufacturing System (AMS) as the most advanced production paradigm, is emerging in the production world. Attention to this concept has resulted in developing various methods of assessing organizational agility as an important part of agility literature. These methods have a common deficiency in methodology; the lack of considering the amount of need for agility in assessing organizational agility. All researches in this area measure only the capability of agility. In fact, the intensity of environmental change determines the extent of need for agility. This necessity in turn defines the level of agility capability required for responsiveness. To obviate the cited shortcoming, a method should be developed to consider the capability of agility (output) against the extensity of change (input). This paper presents a modified Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to assess the relative organizational agility. Then, this new model is used for assessing the agility of 20 production organizations from 5 different industries. Finally, agility efficiency and efficiency path for organizations are mapped.

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Nowadays, many organizations face with increasing competition and uncertainty environment, supported by innovating technologies and the changing needs of customers. In this environment, past methods in supply chain loose their ability. One efficient method in this regard is agility. Thus, for modeling the agility of supply chain, a wide range of research was done in the literature. The results of this research and interview by experts found 11 critical success factors of agile supply chain. Then these factors were entered into a questionnaire and the experts of Zobahan Co Supply Chain were asked to fill in it. The obtained results were analyzed by interpretive structural modeling and the Correlations between those factors were determined. The attained correlations indicated that development of the employees’ skills, employment of IT and programming are the basics of agility in supply chain. This model would help the supply chain managers in strategic planning for improving the agility of supply chain.

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In modern business environments, agility is advocated as the fundamental characteristics for competitiveness. Little research, however, exists which provides integrated methodologies suitable to be practically adopted to enhance agility of companies. In this research, we utilized an original approach, which, by linking competitive bases, agile attributes and agile enablers, aims at identifying the most appropriate enablers to be effective for increasing company´s agility. The approach is based on the quality function deployment (QFD) methodology, and, in particular, on the house of quality (HOQ), which has been successfully adopted in the new product development field. The whole scaffold exploits fuzzy logic, to translate linguistics judgements required for relationships and correlations matrixes into numerical values. In point, this approach applied in Auto Part industry (case study: Bahman Khodro Group) and identified suitablt enablers in this industry. Supply chain management in this industry was recognized as the most important enabler . knowledge management, information technology, concurrent engineering, team building, project management, hardware, and were then placed in the ranks. The main limitations of this research can be time consuming due to the calculation of the QFD cited. In this study, due to better express dependencies and Correlations at HOQ fuzzy numbers were used to describe the relationship accurately.

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Assistive exoskeletons are a category of wearable robots that provide a portion of the forces, required by users in performing different motions. Hence, the users will be able to perform the motions with less effort. Hitherto, different control algorithms for assistive exoskeletons are proposed and their various effects on the users’ performance are evaluated. Recently, the authors of the present paper have proposed a new control method, called output feedback assistive controller, for compliantly actuated exoskeletons. This method is independent from user’s intent, requires a very low number of sensors and possesses a simple model-free structure. This paper evaluates the effect of the output feedback assistive controller on the agility of the users. A knee physiotherapy robot is considered as a single joint exoskeleton. Connecting a series elastic actuator to the robot and implementing the output feedback assistive controller, the agility of the user is evaluated in a target following experiment. Two markers are displayed on a monitor to represent the actual and desired knee angles for the user. The user is asked to follow the desired angles by moving his/her leg. The accuracy of the user in following the target is measured and compared in two assisted and unassisted cases. The results clearly verify the positive effect of the output feedback assistive controller on increasing the user’s agility.

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Soft story in the ground floor is established due to the open space for establishing shops, parking lots or even schools. The 2008 regulation suffices to only define the soft story. That is, when the lateral rigidity of each story is less than 70% of the lateral rigidity of the higher story or is less than 80% of the average lateral rigidity of the three stories above them, this story is called the soft story. The previous earthquakes such as those of Chichi in 1921, Koobeh in 1995, Bam in 2003 and Keshmir in 2005 had destructive effects on structures with soft stories and even caused them to collapse. Through conducting further studies on the destructive effects of the earthquakes near to and far from the fault on the regular and irregular structures, conducting precise analyses such as the IDA increasing dynamic analysis, and drawing fragility curves obtained from the statistical relationships, we can study the performance of the structures with soft stories which are of great significance such as schools, etc. so that we can better know the performance of these kinds of structures under the earthquakes near to and far from a fault to be able to strengthen these structures to be less vulnerable against the future earthquakes. In This paper aims to study the effect of near and far fault earthquakes on two series of nine-story steel bending frames, one with 3.2 meters and another with disordered in ground story with the height of 4.5 and 5.5 meters constituting soft story. The IDA increasing dynamic analysis is utilized for the estimation of the different performance level of buildings. It means that the structural models are modeled under one or more earthquake records with different intensities and one or several reply curve (s) is (are) produced due to the quake’s severity level. The severity of the records applied on the structure, which is increased during the analyses, and the analyses’ output, which is the structure’s reply, are presented by IM and DM parameters, respectively. The IDA curves are in fact the outline of the relationship between the structure’s reply (DM) and the severity change (IM) of the records. The selected parameters for IM and DM should well indicate the impact of the earthquake and the behavior of the structure. In this paper the parameter of IM corresponding to the maximum of inter-story drift and the parameter of DM corresponding to the spectral acceleration of the first mode (T1, 5%) Sa were considered. In addition, the collapse-preventing performance level of CP was analyzed. The results obtained from the fragility curves in the mode of CP indicate that with the height increase of soft story and consequently becoming softer, the collapse possibility of 10% of structure was greater in near fault records than the far fault ones. Also, the destruction probability of 10% of the regular and irregular structures under the records near to the fault is almost the same, whereas the destruction probability of the regular structure under the records far from the fault is averagely 15.35% more than other structures under the records near to and far from the fault, which indicates that the regular structure under the records far from the fault is more subject to destruction. Also through increasing the height of the soft story from 4.5 m to 5.5 m, the destruction probability of 10% under the records far from the fault compared to the regular structure, underwent a more reduction.

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Recently, the Iranian code is established for the LRFD design of steel structures that consistent with the Iranian seismic design code (2800-4). This study is aimed to compare the performance of steel moment frames (SMF and IMF) in the Near-faults earthquakes designed with the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) in a probabilistic framework. After the Static Push over (SPO), new Performance based earthquake engineering (PBEE) approach is incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) that can lead to the probabilistic judgment using fragility curves of the structure under the different types of ground motions at different levels of intensity. For the incremental dynamic analysis a large number of nonlinear time history analysis must be carried out. The evaluated steel moment frames are 4-story and 8-story frames. The nonlinear models of structures are constructed in the Perform-3D software to perform the nonlinear time history analysis. For the nonlinear modelling of beam element, the chord Rotation Model is used that proposed by FEMA and available in the Perform-3D software for the beam elements. This model predict the nonlinear behavior of element in the two end region that plastic hinge may be caused duo to the seismic load of earthquake. For the column elements, the fiber element method was employed. In this method, the cross-section of column element is subdivided into some spring elements. Each spring is subjected to axial load, given by the combination of axial force and bending moment acting on the section. This model sometimes is called multi-axial spring model (MS model). The fiber model represents a section at the structural member-end. This modelling can represent the axial-flexural interaction in the column element that their properties of nonlinear flexural bearing depends on its axial load in each time step. Near-field events due to their pulse-like effect are in the spotlight in the last decay. To evaluate their effects on the steel structures that located in the seismic areas of Iran, a number of near-field earthquakes are used in the probabilistic assessment. In the IDA curves, the roof drift is used as Damage Measure (DM) and the Spectral Pseudo-Acceleration of the first mode of the structure with 5% modal damping ( ) is used as Intensity Measure (IM). Also in the probabilistic fragility curves, the direct method is used. It means that the IM is used directly in the fragility curve. To predict the probabilistic function for the different level of performance of structures, the lognormal distribution was used. The study results show that the structures designed by the ASD method have a better seismic performance than the LRFD frames specially in the performance level of Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP). It can be concluded from comparison of the median of collapse functions. For example for the special moment frame (8-story structure), the use of ASD design (instead of LRFD design) leads to a 11% increase in the median of fragility function in the Life Safety (LS) level and 10% increase in the Collapse Prevention (CP) level.

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One of the most important concepts for all enterprises in every size and every sector is market performance. As the market success of the firm is a consequence of its market performance, it will be pertinent to state that performance is a direct determinant on the consequence. Today, dynamic capabilities have been identified as one of the vital necessities for the performance of organizations in turbulent environments. Given the critical role of market performance in turbulent competitive environments, this concept has attracted attention of many researchers of management science in recent years. So how to achieve this important consult for organizations is vital, and very little research has been done in this regard. Therefore, in this research, the model of improving market performance based on dynamic capabilities (IT competencies, entrepreneurial and market orientation and operational agility) is presented and tested in the electronics industry of Iran. This model is based on four management areas: strategic management literature related to dynamic capabilities, marketing literature, entrepreneurship, and information technology .The results confirm the research model. It can be concluded that the dynamic capabilities of the organization will help to improve market performance.

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Abstract:
Force-based seismic design, as the conventional earthquake resistant design philosophy, is going to be replaced with probabilistic performance-based design methodology. Through this method, induced damages against various levels of strong ground motions, play a dominant role. Seismic-induced damages are characterized by probabilistic damage functions, namely fragility curves. Fragility curves show the probability of exceeding damage levels (i.e. limit states) conditioned on strong ground motion intensities (i.e. Intensity Measures). Amongst well-known limit states (such as Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety and Collapse Prevention) for which the structure is to be checked, sidesway collapse limit state is of the greatest importance owing to the large amount of triggered losses during past earthquakes. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method is the most popular method to achieve fragility curves for variuos limit states. By this methodology, the structure is affected by increasing levels of ensemble of strong ground motions. For each ground motion, the intensity which causes the instability of finite element model of the structure presents the collapse points. Fitting log-normal probability distribution to achieved intensities presents collapse fragility curve. The structure is to be checked against sidesway collapse in such a way that the probability of collapse for design-level seismic hazard is less than the pre-defined allowable probability.        
Optimization of structures is aimed to present the topology, shape of structures and size structural sections in such that minimum target function (mostly structural weight) is achieved, while variuos design constraints are satisfied. Size optimization of structural members has been accomplished through previuos researches applying gravity and equivalent lateral forces. Besides to achieve optimum structures applying realistic effects of earthquakes, number of researches applied time history analysis of structures against one earthquake record or mean of number of earthquake records. To involve effects uncertainties regarding strong ground motions, probabilistic damage margins must be included in optimization constraints. To achieve this goal, in this paper, weight optimization of structres considering probabilistic constraints (represented by target collapse probability) is investigated. To achieve an efficient algorithm, the collapse fragility curve of structure is predicted by trained neural network. The network is trained based on incremental dynamic analysis of simulated models of samped structure. Besides probabilistic constraint regarding collapse probability margin, maximum normal stress and inter-story drift ratio (as deterministic constraints) are involved. Deterministic constraints are calculated by matrix analysis of the structure. Genetic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. Finally, effects of target collapse probability on optimum weight are examined.
Achieved results show that the probabilistic constraint coverns the optimization problem if the target probability of collapse is less than 10%. Beyond this value, deterministic constraints, which are maximum normal stress and interstory drift ratio governs the optimum weight of the sampled structure.   

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The present study aimed to evaluating the impact of success key factors of supply chain agility on the strategic performance of the Electronics companies in Iran. In the conceptual model of the research, the strategic performance of the organization involves competitive advantage and organizational performance. In this model, supply chain agility was evaluated by seven factors: computer-based technology, flexibility, relations with suppliers, using new technology, collaborative relationships, and sensitivity to market / customer and meet demand. Also the competitive advantage include five indicators of price/cost, quality, timely delivery of product or service, innovation and time to market; financial performance is the criterion of organizational performance. According to this model, the factors assessment questionnaire adjusted and distributed among 400 managers from companies Sanam, Pars-electronic and Pars-Khazar and finally 179 completed questionnaires were collected. Then using SPSS, LISREL and techniques of factor analysis and structural equation modeling, this model was confirmed with several times of modification. According to The results of the research, agility key factors have positive and direct impact on organizational performance as well as the competitive advantage.

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In today's competitive world where change is one of the most important features is necessary for the preservation and conservation organizations exist Looking agility to be able in the shortest time and at minimal cost to improve the quality and innovation in their products and services. This paper aims to examine the impact of organizational culture on organizational agility capabilities of the armed forces organizations with descriptive - correlation to the written survey And tries to correlate the five hypothesis "group decision-making culture", "culture of learning", "Culture power sharing", "culture of participation" and "risk tolerance" on "organizational agility" to the test. To test these hypotheses, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 48 questions using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient using the software SPSS, 0/994, respectively. A survey by Morgan estimated 140 people who responded to the questionnaire. The results of structural equation is as follows. Between the "culture of group decision-making", "learning culture", "culture of power sharing", "culture of participation", "risk tolerance" and "organizational agility" There is a significant positive relationship.

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One of the most concerns about design and maintenance of structures in civil engineering is the safety of structures in the events of natural disasters, including earthquakes, which requires adequate resistance and providing expected performance of structures. Different factors can have an impact on the occurrence of damage and the damage content in structures and, consequently, the loss of economic assets as well as human health and life safety during earthquakes. Normally, high alkaline property of concrete, PH about 13, forms a protective oxide layer on the reinforcement steel surface. The Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or the chloride ion in the concrete environment especially in the coastal zone, along with the moisture and the oxygen can penetrate through the concrete pores and micro-cracks and can reach the rebar surface. Then, they cause rebar corrosion inside the concrete by destroying the protective oxide layer on the steel surface. Chloride ions reach the passive layer according to the explained pattern and they begin to react in the passive layer when the amount of chloride ions exceed the critical value and cause the perforation corrosion. Therefore, the performance of deteriorating structures can be different from the desirable performance of pristine structures. Corrosion of steel reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is one of the main factors in increasing the vulnerability of RC structures. Due to corrosion, mechanical properties of steel involving yield and ultimate stresses, their corresponding strains, and the elasticity modulus of steel will change. Also the cross-sectional area of steel reinforcement decreases. Furthermore, after cracking, the mechanical properties of concrete will change. In this study, in order to investigate the seismic fragility and vulnerability of RC structures due to steel reinforcement corrosion, two buildings involving a 3-storey and a 7-storey RC moment frames are modeled based on the lumped plasticity model for considering nonlinearity. Two corrosion scenarios of 10 and 20 percent reduction of steel reinforcement cross section and their effects applied to the structural members of these RC frames. Then, seismic performance and the fragility of these two RC frames are investigated using nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis) and incremental dynamic analysis. Fragility analysis results show that the probability of failure and seismic fragility of RC structures increased due to reinforcement corrosion. Therefore, fragility curves shifted to the left due to corrosion, illustrating the increase in the probability of damage at different spectral accelerations. The safety margin of the collapse of the 3 and 7-storey structures also decreased due to corrosion. For example, as a result of 20 percent corrosion scenario, safety margin of three-storey structure decreased by 16.5 percent and the safety margin of seven-story structure decreased by 28 percent. Results also illustrate that the collapse margin ratios of both structures (CMR) are reduced for 10 percent corrosion scenario. Although the probability of failure increased for 3-storey RC frame, it remains below 10 percent. However, for 7-storey RC frame, the probability of failure exceeds 10% (allowable failure probability adopted by the code) and the frame needs to be rehabilitated.