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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of gender on the L1-L2 syntactic processing in balanced bilinguals who learned their L2 at the age of seven. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI), Turkish-Persian balanced bilinguals (15 women and 15 men) performed an auditory grammaticality judgment task with an alternating language switching paradigm. Based on the Bilingual Dominance Scale, no significant difference was observed between the participants' proficiency in their L1 (Turkish) and L2 (Persian). Imaging results demonstrated strong neural similarity between men and women in two left-lateralized syntax-specific ROIs (Pars opercularis and posterior superior temporal gyrus), supporting the indistinguishable gender performance during L1-L2 syntactic processing. In addition, in EF-specific areas in right-hemisphere (planum temporale, supplementary motor area, superior parietal lobule and superior frontal gyrus), we did not observe differences in hemispheric recruitment by men and women, evidencing empirically for gender sameness in lateralization. Therefore, the present task and sample are not consistent with the previous claims that women show (a) superior language performance and (b) less lateralization. In general, our findings suggest that L1 and L2 syntactic processing in balanced bilinguals is not affected by the gender parameter.
 

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Education and research are fundamental pillars of educational systems, including agricultural higher education institutions. However, an inadequate balance between these components can lead to a deviation from the primary goals of these institutions. This study aimed to conduct a pathological analysis of the equilibrium between education and research in the higher education system of agriculture in Iran. “Three-pronged pathology model” was utilized, comprising components of “context” (including knowledge, moral, individual-psychological, satisfaction, and the thematic nature), “behavior” (including planning, coordination, control, and monitoring), and “structure” (including demonstrative, diversity, consequence, and political). This quantitative study is applied in purpose, non-experimental in design, retrospective in timing, survey-based in data collection, and descriptive-causal comparative in data analysis. The data collection instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire, with face and content validity confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha for each variable (0.704 ≤ α ≤ 0.902). The statistical population comprised faculty members from agricultural departments of public universities in Iran (N=3335), with a sample of 307 selected. Results indicated a tendency among faculty members towards research activities. The greatest gap and imbalance between education and research were observed in the areas of context, followed by structure and behavior. This indicates that the existing context and structure push faculty members towards research activities for their sustainability and advancement in the agricultural higher education system. This poses a serious issue that must be addressed by policymakers and decision-makers.
 

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Abstract
Aims: Affected by natural and human phenomena, the spatial order forms the urban network. In a balanced urban system, due to hierarchical functions and activities in different cities, and fair provision of services to the existing population, there are hierarchical links between cities. The aim of this study was to investigate the urban network based on functional analysis and factors affecting the urban network deformation in Khorasan Razavi province.
Instruments and Methods: Using survey research method, the present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2015 among 118 experts of the provincial government, Road and Urban Development Office of Khorasan Razavi province, Governorate, Municipalities, University Jihad of Ferdowsi University, Geography professors of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and mayors of Khorasan Razavi province; In this study, convenience sampling method was used. The research tool was researcher made questionnaire. Factors affecting spatial imbalance were evaluated through structural equation modeling and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, using SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.52 software.
Findings: Economic, infrastructural, and political factors had the greatest effect on spatial imbalance with factor loading of 0.77, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively.
Conclusion:  Mashhad is at the highest and Bajgiran is at the lowest level in terms of development factors. Among the factors influencing the spatial imbalance, the changes in the country's division in the provincal level (change village to city), centralized system governance, the lack of attention to the role of the middle cities in division of labor (political factors), the focus of activities in metropolises, disproportionate allocation of credits at the provincial level, the focus of roles in Mashhad (economic factors), and the focus of superior educational and health-care services (infrastructural factors) have a more effective role.

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The foreign policy of Saudi Arabia in the international system is, above all, the result of this country's competitive view of the Islamic Republic of Iran and security equations in the West Asian region. The present study, through documentary research and reflective analysis technique aims to explain how Saudi Arabia, in order to shape strategic depth, controls international waters, influences the political structure of African countries, and creates a stream of Salafi groups in Africa, and how it seeks to reduce Iran's power, pose a threat to Iran, and increase its offensive capacity. Saudi Arabia believes that Iran has a high offensive capability in the region and can easily become a country with aggressive and war-initiating power. By shaping the policy of expanding geopolitical and strategic depth, interventionism and dominating the cultural discourse of Saudi Arabia in Africa, it is trying to turn the security equations into acute security threats for the Islamic Republic with trans-regional balancing.
 

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The main purpose of this research is experimental and theoretical study on demulsifying components effect on demulsification rate of water-in-oil emulsions. In other words, some surfactants is considered and their function as a demulsifier in breaking crude oil emulsions has been investigated by bottle test. To develop a theoretical model to take into account the effect of demulsifier agent on demulsification rate of water-in-oil emulsion. Considering similarity between gas adsorption, and agent adsorption on the water-oil interface, a Langmuir isotherm based model is developed to correlate interfacial tension of water and oil phases to demulsifier concentration. Based on the proposed correlation, the collision frequency function in population balance equation is modified to account the effect of demulsifier agent on water droplets coalescence. The proposed model consists of some adjustable parameters that need to be fitted with experimental data. Therefore, a group of surface-active compounds are supplied and their demulsification capability is investigated through bottle test method. The experimental demulsification results are compared with population balance simulation results and it is apperared that the developed model could appropriately reproduce experimental data at different agent concentrations.

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The graphical technique for nonlinear circuits was described that enable us to optimize circuits to obtain maximum output power, maximum efficiency or minimum intermodulation. According to this method a high power amplifier in the Ka band was designed. Using a nonlinear model of the transistor, optimum slope for load-line was determined so that maximum power at the output was obtainable, then the output matching circuit was synthesized. Finally, the nonlinear network of the high power amplifier was analyzed by the harmonic balance method and the output load cycles were optimized by modification of the bias point or output matching network.

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Since, proverbs are composed of bits, line, concise sentences and musical metaphor: they are considered a type of Persian literature. One of the reasons for the spread of proverbs is that they indicate the general and pervasive thought or experience in the shortest terms. In addition, the music (the use of the balance of sound in speech) has a big impact on the development and spread of proverbs, and causes the listener to enjoy the magical word. Sometimes, the music is so strong that the collective memory of the community, regardless of the meaning of some words, enjoys the harmony and melody within it. Shafie Kadkani named it "magic vicinity". In this study, the book "Dästännämeye Bahmanyäry" by Ahmad Bahmanyary, which is about six thousand proverbs, is examined from this perspective. The results of research show that fifty proverbs in this book enjoy a variety of musical balance and literary industries as parallelogram rhyme, pun, and phonological layout and repeat, which are the largest in the musical of proverbs. Also by presenting numerous examples, the theory of Shafie Kadkani about the formation of some proverbs based solely on magic vicinity is proved.

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This article studies the perceptual correlates of lexical stress in Persian. The minimal stress pair // was used as the stimulus token, and the values of duration, overall intensity, spectral balance and F0 were varied in several steps both in the accented and de-accented conditions. 20 native Persian speakers were asked to identify the stressed tokens in a force-choice perception experiment. The results showed that in the accented condition, F0 is the most reliable perceptual correlate of stress. Other correlates are in additive interaction with F0. In de-accented condition, stress is strongly cued by duration, while among the other correlates, spectral balance provides stronger stress cues than overall intensity.

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Special literature of the Qur'an leads to difficulty of its translation. Study of emphatic devices as a grammar technique in Qur'an translation reveals their unbalanced equivalents based on exist theories of translation science. Because of the position of this technique in source language, assessment of ablative absolute and turning synonyms based on House textual theory can lead to their precise translation. Study of aforementioned emphasis devices; in Shakir, Irving and Hilali-Khan translations shows some Inequalities in comparing with source language  like; imprecise equivalence of ablative absolute not reflecting of its emphatic structure and qualification and unbalanced grammar translation of  turning synonyms (by vāv). But their translations are equivalent in some cases like; making emphatic structure equivalence by parallel structure in translation of turning synonyms (by vāv and Lā). Though felicitous miracle of the Qur'an, linguistics differentiates and the translator role, himself, have effective role about balanced or unbalanced translation of these emphatic devices, but based on linguistic position of these technique in source language, the House overt translation method can be considered as better method in this field.

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Analysis of signed biological networks has been an interest of some researchers in recent years. We consider communities and balanced clusters as two structural patterns that may reveal different structures in the networks. Although biological networks tend to structural balance, this study clarifies adhesive communities in some transcriptional networks of ecoli and yeast differ from the balanced clusters and have significantly more negative links in their structure. This difference may be used as an index in categorizing various systems' structure and function. Also we study the important role of the positive links between balanced clusters, even though the links between these clusters are mostly negative. Analyzing data of some Gene Regulatory Networks, shows that perturbing the genes located at these links, has a larger effect on the system and causes more distance from the initial equilibrium state. So, signed clustering and detecting the links between these clusters can be considered as an effective approach in detecting the functional units and the key components in the system. This can be useful in applications like gene targeting in drug synthesis.

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Supplier development refers to the purchaser activities to improve supplier performance in the areas of quality, cost, time of ordering to delivery, service, reliability, and promotion of suppliers knowledge which positively affects the operational and business performance of purchaser. The present study deals with suppliers' development strategies including enhancement of suppliers’ quality improvement systems, data exchange with suppliers in the areas of quality, suppliers’ process improvement, suppliers’ productivity enhancement and contribute to the development of the suppliers’ product by the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach, Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Revised Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Revised DEMATEL) techniques. The population of the current research consists of the foundry companies having more than 200 subject as human resources in Iran which manufacture the automobile parts. The research findings have shown that financial perspective (0.5417) ,  learning and growth perspective (0.0688) are respectively the most important and the least important dimensions to improve organization performance. in addition , information exchange with suppliers in the areas of quality (0.30) and suppliers' productivity increasing (0.11) are respectively the most and least important strategies in suppliers' development.

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In recent researches despite the fact that there are significant amount of comments about relationship between work- life balance and employee health, a few studies has been investigated about developing individual and organizational strategies. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to provide effective individual and organizational work life balance strategies for employees' health and measuring its effect on employee health through the mediation role of work- life balance. This paper has been based on a descriptive and correlative study. The statistical population of this study is 374 managers and employees of Tamin-e-Ejtemaie organization of Esfahan province. Using Cochran formula sample size was 188 and random sampling has been used as sampling method. Results of examining study hypothesis confirmed that work- life balance has a direct and positive effect on employee health. Other results revealed that although individual and organizational work life balance strategies do not have a positive and direct effect on employee health; however, deploying these policies has a worthy help on creating work- life balance and they would enhance the level of individuals' general health indirectly.

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The imbalance in the development of regions across the country in various domains is one of the most pressing and challenging issues facing the nation today. This lack of balance and equity has led to certain areas enjoying greater access to both material and intangible resources, resulting in the significant polarization of the country’s spatial structure. This, in turn, has deepened class disparities and created severely underprivileged regions. Such unbalanced development has intensified the class divide between provinces and cities, prompting misguided migration to more developed areas and causing rural inhabitants to move to urban centers, which has further spurred the growth of informal settlements. The spatial and territorial imbalance in Iran is rooted less in natural inequalities and more in the decisions of policymakers over the course of history. Hence, the mindset of decision-makers cannot remain unaffected by the influential geopolitical contexts. This factor inevitably shapes the perspective of Iranian policymakers when it comes to locating activities and assigning uses to specific areas, often through the lens of a concept termed "security." Therefore, a fundamental question arises: What geopolitical factors underlie the security-oriented approach in spatial planning that has led to territorial imbalance within the country? And how have these factors been applied and institutionalized in organizing the country’s development framework?

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Strategy maps show value creation path in any organizations which includes strategic objectives of organization. Strategic objectives can provide a focus on organization’s resources based on balanced scorecard. While organizations developing their strategy map, facing with different objectives and relationships between them, it is necessary to use a practical approach to explain the relationship between strategic objectives. This paper aims to provide a hybrid approach for identifying causal relationships between strategic objectives for drawing a strategic map, So that with minimum number of relationships, the maximum impact among the strategic objectives is clarified in the map. In this regard, the importance of all possible relationships is determined by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and then strategic map was drawn by goal programming with considering to objectives of minimizing the number of relationships and maximizing total importance of the selected relationships. The FAHP results show “supporting demand-oriented researches”, “Strengthen inter-agency cooperation” and “Supporting strategic science and technology” objectives respectively have been the most important in the customer, processes and learning and growth levels of strategic map. Following by goal programming with focus on maximum reach of strategic objectives according to their weights, the minimum connections (14 relationships from 26 relationships) were selected to draw the strategic map. The systematic approach presented in this paper could be the basis of developing the strategic map for all organizations.

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A.Mirbagheri Fard,PH.D.
L.Mirmojarabian
 
Abstract
Savaneh al-Ashshaq of Ahmad Gazzali is the most outstanding and first spiritual and independent work that speaks about love in the Persian language. The language of this work is one of a particular mystic eloquence that often employs appropriate discourse from Qur’anic verses or Hadith. Meanwhile, linguistic principles have associated and adjusted two axis causing projection and distinction of the language. Elements of lingual accretion that has been analyzed and studied in the current paper is the most projecting factor of Savaneh with regard to its associating that has created balance and order in different layers of this book. Among these factors, more than others, author has paid attention to balance accrued from vocabulary repetition especially its defective repetition.
In this work, the frequent remarkable application of this lingual technique (vocabulary repetition) and was up and down in the text is a kind of internal resemblance that is being seen in the language of Ahmad Gazzali. As such, balance of Savaneh is more based on vocal resemblance which is not only the axis of lingual association rather in substitution too has led to the application of types of simile instead of metaphor.
 

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