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Research Subject: One of the important methods in the treatment of skin wounds is the use of wound dressings. Recently, the use of polymer-based wound dressings has become increasingly common. The use of natural polymers is very important in wound dressings. The aim of the present study is to design and manufacture a polyvinyl alcohol/aloe vera wound dressing with the capability of healing skin wounds.
Research Approach: The electrospinning method was applied to prepare the samples. Aloe vera gel was first extracted, purified, and powdered by freeze-drying. In all samples, the amount of polyvinyl alcohol and aloe vera powder was fixed at 8 wt.%. This value was selected empirically based on the quality of the produced fibers. Different samples including different amounts of polyvinyl alcohol and aloe vera were produced and their properties including morphology, tensile strength, swelling, degradability, and antimicrobial properties were investigated.
Main Results: The results showed that the dropless random oriented fibers with uniform diameter were produced. The diameter increased with increasing aloe vera contribution, which was attributed to an increase in viscosity due to the presence of aloe vera. With increasing aloe vera contribution in the samples, tensile strength decreased and the elongation percentage increased. The swelling behavior of the specimens was evaluated by measuring the weight of the specimens in a simulated skin environment and the results showed that the presence of aloe vera increased the hydrophilic properties of the specimens. Antimicrobial activity of the samples against two gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated using the disk diffusion method and it was found that the presence of Aloe vera in the samples brought antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, the findings of this study confirm the feasibility of using polyvinyl alcohol /aloe vera for the production of the electrospun wound dressing.

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Metaphors based on animal names are found in almost all languages and cultures, and thus, they can be considered as one of the linguistic universals. The present study has investigated the metaphorical application of animal names in addressing people as well as the primary concepts of each animal name in Bushehr and Shahr-e Kord of Iran. The analyses were based on the data collected from 200 native informants (100 from each region) through the questionnaires on the forms of address as well as the primary concepts of 70 animals (35 endemics to each region).  Additionally, the morphological structures of the animal names were explored and the terms, phrases, expressions and proverbs related to each animal name were also listed. The findings show that when addressing people, native speakers, from the two areas under study, used their metaphorical interpretations of the animal’s behavior to describe different traits and characteristics of people; some animal names are, therefore, used as address forms in the two regions. This indicates the fact that the human community reflects on the behavior and the attributes of the animals in their surrounding environment.
 

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One of the Quranic style is the “Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh: Lām Taʻlīl+fiʻl Muḍāriʻ (Maṣdar Muʼawwal Majrūr bi Lām and belongs to the verb existing or ordained in the verse); wāw+ Maʻtūf: Lām Taʻlīl+ fiʻl Muḍāriʻ (Maṣdar Muʼawwal Majrūr belongs to the fiʻl Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh). In these methods, Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh  and Maʻtūf  considering the Lām Taʻlīl is mentioned in them, are the reason for the verb belongs to themselves in the verse. Sometimes in these methods mentioned Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh. Sometimes mentioned Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh method and sometimes deleted. Since God is wise, the elimination of the Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh in this method has wisdom. The present study with the analytical-descriptive method examines this wisdom and its effect on translating these verses. The results indicated that the reason for deleting the Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh is the existence of secrets that the audience cannot understand it, so God almighty has eliminated the Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh to observe the audience position. The author analyzes the reason for removing the subjects of these verses, including the issues of verses express the causes of formative and legal commandment or force and authority that cannot be understood by the people. The combination of these verses is: waw ʻAtf, Lām Taʻlīl+ fiʻl Muḍāriʻ Muʼawwal (Jār wa Majrūr) that is coordinate on Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh  Muqaddar (Jār wa Majrūr) that belongs to the mentioned verb in the verse. This method of composition informs the audience in the verses translation that the mentioned Maʻtūfun ʻAlayh in the verse is not the final reason for the verb belonging to the Lām Taʻlīl, and there are high ends that in the verse have been eliminated.

 

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In recent years, significant efforts have been focused on advancements of novel biomaterials based on natural polymers and utilization of efficient methods such as skin tissue engineering for wound treatment. In this study, a 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold coated via immersion in a 1:4 blend of 40% silk fibroin from Bombyx mori cocoons and TEMPO-oxidized was developed. The pore size and the porosity were 180 µm and 85%, respectively. The results demonstrated an enhancement in exudate absorption (swelling and water uptake of 1342% and 80%, respectively), improvement in storage modulus (G’) from 500 to 4000 Pa, as well as viscoelasticity up to 60%, which all are favorable for wound dressing applications. Moreover, the wettability and biodegradability studies revealed an overall increase in contact angle and degradation rate of 19.9°±3, and 95%, respectively. Cell viability and migration studies on fibroblastic cells (L929) using MTT assay, DAPI/ Phalloidin staining, and scratch test showed over 90% viability up to 7 days and complete scratch repair within 24 hours. These findings show that 3D printed PCL scaffolds coated with silk fibroin and oxidized nanocellulose are promising for wound healing applications and might pave the way to natural polymer-based wound dressings.
 

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It is inevitable to replace the tissues and organs that were disrupted due to trauma or various diseases. One of the methods that can help to speed up the regeneration of wounds is to improve the technology of wound dressings. In the current research, by using the properties of polyurethane nanofibers and improving their properties with additives including graphene oxide, selenium nanoparticles, and henna plant extract, it was aimed to improve the performance of wound dressings. After finding the optimal concentration for the electrospinning machine, DMSO solution containing 12 wt.% polyurethane was used to produce wound dressing nanofibers. The images from scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the production of uniform scaffolds composed of polyurethane nanofibers. Antibacterial properties and mechanical properties of the fabric were studied to check the performance of the manufactured fabric as a wound dressing. For the PU-GO-Se-Henna composite sample, the antibacterial activity against two bacteria, S.aureus and E.coli, was 3.26 and 2.85, respectively, which indicates the very attractive antibacterial properties. This sample reached a tensile strength of 92 MPa in the tensile test, which showed a 104% increase in strength compared to the pure polyurethane sample.
 

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Mounted point grinding is a machining method to reduce surface roughness and improve surface finishing on workpiece walls and hard-to-reach areas. This process is usually used without preparing the grinding wheel before and during the grinding operation, which reduces the proper performance of the process. Environmental contamination, surface integrity, coolant-lubricant-related diseases that affect workers' health, and machining costs heavily depend on the appropriate dressing and proper coolant-lubricant usage. In this study, as a novel approach, the effects of dressing conditions (depth of dressing and dressing feed rate) and the feed rate of the workpiece during the grinding of a hardened Mo40 steel workpiece in two traditional cooling-lubricant minimum lubrication environments have been investigated. Surface roughness and wheel loading are two significant outputs in every grinding operation. The experimental result of this study reveals an improvement in enhancing the surface roughness in a soft dressing. Moreover, another aim of this study was to achieve proper surface roughness by implementing minimum quantity lubrication to significantly reduce total cutting fluid usage compared to traditional continuous coolant-lubricant. In this study, higher wheel loading in the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (M.Q.L.) technique was observed compared to the traditional continuous coolant-lubricant technique.
 

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In our previous studies, we prepared by mechanical treatment and tested several formulations of plant protection products based on Tebuconazole (TBC) with different delivery systems. As a result of those studies, polysaccharides showed high efficiency in increasing the solubility and the effectiveness of products based on these polymers. An important task in developing an effective seed treatment is to increase the efficiency of adhesion and penetration. However, the question arises as to which factor is more important for plant protection or which factor plays the main role in the activity of the protectants: the amount of dressing agent on the surface of the seed or the amount penetrated into the grain? This question remained unanswered in previous experiments and the purpose of this study was to find an answer to this question. For this purpose, protectants of various compositions based on TBС and polysaccharides were prepared and spring wheat seeds were treated with them. At the same time, these seeds were divided into two variants: seeds treated with protectant (TBС on the surface that managed to penetrate inside the seeds) and seeds whose surface was washed by water and, so, seeds were without sorbed Tebuconazole (TBС only inside the seeds). Thus, seeds were prepared that contained only the Adsorbed tebuconazole (SPrA) and seeds containing the drug that Penetrated into the grain (SPrP). These two types of seeds were used in biological tests and the results obtained were compared. An analysis of seed germination and infection with the main pathogens showed that SPrA seeds had an advantage over SPrP seeds both in germination and in protection from diseases. Further research in this direction will help to understand the effect of the penetration of drugs into plants on the possibility of increasing their efficiency and yield of grain crops.