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Rotation of trading partners by Iran, considering the trading background of each partner and its different attitudes towards economic sanctions is an effective initiation for decreasing the negative effects of the sanctions and persuading other countries to ignore them. This initiative will create a positive and sustainable balance for the trading condition of Iran. To further this effort, a more proactive trading approach is regionalism and consequently selection of the right trading partners can be a useful solution. On the other hand, in cross-regional dimension, with regards to the current economical crisis, specifically in Europe, Iran is able to find suitable trading partners. Additionally, Iran can promote the idea that the global economic super powers are losing numerous lucrative opportunities in the attractive market of Iran. This approach can increase the bargaining power of Iran in economical negotiations and persuade other countries to overlook the current sanctions. In this atmosphere, studying the actors of the sanction games and their capacities, the amount of value-creation and interaction and the mechanism of their motivational leadership are important issues in the process of minimization of the negative impacts of the sanctions and the selection of trade partners must be based on the mentioned criteria.

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Rotation of trading partners by Iran, considering the trading background of each partner and its different attitudes towards economic sanctions is an effective initiation for decreasing the negative effects of the sanctions and persuading other countries to ignore them. This initiative will create a positive and sustainable balance for the trading condition of Iran. To further this effort, a more proactive trading approach is regionalism and consequently selection of the right trading partners can be a useful solution. On the other hand, in cross-regional dimension, with regards to the current economical crisis, specifically in Europe, Iran is able to find suitable trading partners. Additionally, Iran can promote the idea that the global economic super powers are losing numerous lucrative opportunities in the attractive market of Iran. This approach can increase the bargaining power of Iran in economical negotiations and persuade other countries to overlook the current sanctions. In this atmosphere, studying the actors of the sanction games and their capacities, the amount of value-creation and interaction and the mechanism of their motivational leadership are important issues in the process of minimization of the negative impacts of the sanctions and the selection of trade partners must be based on the mentioned criteria.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is investigating the impact of servant leadership on followership effectiveness. Model variables are selected through experimental and theoretical study. The data are obtained by survey method, based on surveying the managers and employees of 22 selected governmental organizations, then the hypotheses are investigated. This research is distinguished from other similar researches in that, instead of individual correlation analysis and ignoring other circumstances, using advanced methods, the variables have been simultaneously and two-way analyzed. In order to do this, Eviews 7.1 and spss19 are used for estimating parameters by the use of OLS method; Since there is a possibility for existence of two-way relation between the variables, three stages simultaneous equations (3SLS) is used to estimate simultaneous impacts of servant leadership on organizational effectiveness. The quantitative results of quantitative estimation of the models by the Structural Equation Modeling showed that servant leadership has positive impact on followership effectiveness.    

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One of the newest and the most comprehensive models for the behavior change is Information- Motivation- Behavioral skills (IMB) model. It is both simple and economic, and is of proper efficacy in the studies. IMB model as a health behavior change model is based on integration of the theories in social psychology and health education and promotion, emphasizing on information, motivation and behavioral skills as the basic determinants of the health-related behaviors The purpose of this article is to introduce the IMB model and by review of some studies based on this model; suitability of the model for health education and promotion interventions to be discussed. Iranian and foreign studies conducted using this model reveal the model's effectiveness in various health education disciplines. Although the IMB model has restrictions and disadvantages as any other health education and promotion model, IMB model-based interventions' advantages show that it is an applied model for changing health behavior.

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Formative period of Persian language and literature (4-6 AH) is undoubtedly considered as a milestone in shared history of Persian and Arabic poetry, because, on the one hand, Arabic language in Iran, by looking at the requirements and political-regional situation having changed into science and literary language and, on the other hand, praised and courtier poem have collectively led to stability of this shared poetry. In this course and history of Persian poetry, Khāghāni Sharvāni (d. 595 AH) is a Persian poet, who was most eager to Arabic language, because the major poetry form of his Divān is Ode (Qaside) that made better scope for depicting this shared poetry and so Hassān Ajams's deep acquaintance with Arabic literature has led to bilingualism in his works. One of these bilingual aspects is content imitating and pride on prominent literary men in Arabic language in visual and meaning language surface. Name abundance of some Arabic literary men on one hand, and effectiveness of their fame in Khāghāni's statements on the other have led the complex Khāghāni's poems be the sign of Arabic literature effectiveness and have multiplied the importance of this study. The authors in this paper, by the aim of detecting Khāghāni's eager to Arabic literature, go to study Khāghāni's poetry prose. First they explain Khāghāni's motives from this effectiveness and then display it in Khāghāni's works visual surface by having paid more attention to Khāghāni's prose works that have been neglected so far. Finally, they describe about some content effectiveness, which is not studied so far. This essay is an answer to the primary question that is the depth of Khāghāni's effectiveness from Arabic language and literature bounded to abundance of word elements? or Has Khāghāni been affected from Arabic literary eloquent in visual and meaning surface?

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  Organizations are considered to be Pillars of the community. Senior Management performance is the result of proper and timely mix of human resources. The concept of culture is an important factor that determines management practices. IT influences on management performance. Therefore Human Resource Management (HRM) procedureslead to higher firm performance and act as a source of long-lasting competitive advantage. This study attempted to test the relationship between organizational culture values and effectiveness of HRM procedures. The study population consisted of all employees of “Yazd Pich Chehre” (60 cases), which 38 sample were selected as a random sample. Data were collected using questionnaires ant its validity and reliability tested through factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha respectively and both has been approved. Spearman correlation coefficients applied for analyzing data. Results show that there is a significant and positive correlation between organizational culture values and HRM procedureseffectiveness.      

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Training evaluations reveal degrees of value creation for stakeholders. The evaluation results can help to improve the quality of teaching and prevent wasting of educational efforts. In this study, using the Kirkpatrick model (1994), effectiveness on management development curriculums of behavioral level has been studied in descriptive and quasi- experimental method. It should be noted that this study is considered as a longitudinal one. Two weeks before starting the curriculum, a pre-test survey was employed to measure behavioral changes resulting from learning experiment. The post-test involves measuring changes in learners' behavior in two time periods: 1) Two weeks after completion of the curriculum, 2) one or two months after finishing the curriculum. Evaluation results indicate that the changes in job behavior resulted from the training curriculum has different effects as follow: although it can be seen within two weeks, but it is not stable. After one month it has decreased, but it is not stable, and finally after one month has decreased. In other words, learning of learners in these curriculums is not conducive to change their job. This Indicate the cause of failure of eleven deterrent effect of reducing or neutralizing the effectiveness trains of management development. The results of this study indicate that the training system of Iran development management is in need of fundamental revision. This review primarily involves the selecting an appropriate theoretical model and then design a training needs assessment based on job level, organizational level, and cross it

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Already in a variety of buildings with different uses, what would seem more architectural design, the changes after utilization by users that this change in terms of non-compliance with design requirements and not due to changes in other aspects, such as engineering and pre-operation. Sometimes encountered with a sudden change in the design process and according to the traditional structure of the design process, this change does not apply in other dimensions and design errors during the operation, to show the changes will be binding, it could be next a model to follow design changes and pre-operation would lead to elimination; as necessary. Building Information Modeling (BIM) by removing complexity in the design, manufacturing, integration of information with possible changes in the other components of the structure, anticipate and reduce errors after the operation and construction. With technology development, process improvement and change the industry has improved, but still compact construction industry based on the traditional process, with the architectural design or building design, constructed by contractors. This is while, the building of new systems and due to the changing demands of the employer, are very complex, so that we add to this complexity, architects, owners and contractors to align themselves with these developments, in the wake of Operation changes into the design drawn on the body, it's important to be consistent and comprehensiveness of information between other elements of building construction creates a problem, since more of the architect's plans need to be integrated and followed this interference with the program at all stages make a pre-operation. In fact, building information modeling, a new change in the design and construction industry is documenting, modeling, building information, information about the whole building gives us the full documentation and integration into a database gives us. All of these parameters are therefore connected to each other, any change in the model of an object, the entire project will affect all aspects, building information modeling, data includes actual building is only two-dimensional maps, which are common Maps drawn with CAD found not formed. Building Information Modeling, a common mistake is called as a digital model generated by CAD software in a process known as Building Information Modeling. Construction industry due to the large number of documents it is much more complicated than ever. BIM new promising tool in architecture, engineering and construction industry, which will build a virtual model before the actual construction of buildings on the main field allows information. In fact, this model designs because this method, using the building information and it is also the most important stage design. Building and weaknesses through analysis software is documented. In enhancing the effectiveness of the do the right thing, in this method, two-dimensional plan was rejected and assessments in specific applications with methods to identify the areas and their dimensions are considered qualities, at different times of exposure, etc. is checked.
In the construction of a project, including design partnership with the consultancy, construction and post-run (after the operation) is, in fact semantic knowledge building must be provided, building information model, common architecture Other aspects of the project such as building provides structural and semantic knowledge, based on continuous improvement approach, which supports the evolutionary changes simply and recovery. It improves with time-saving schematic design, design changes and development, creation and coordination between the various elements of project design and control documents in advance of the operation increases productivity. The main objective of this study was to develop methods to improve the architectural design stage before an exploit is in fact to determine the effectiveness promoter factors, using the building information model, the final design is done. The rise of the more complex, faster and build sustainable development in the form of improved technology makes BIM drawing because the traditional activities are not able to meet these pressures. It is hoped that with the widespread use of building information modeling in the field of construction, the cost of future performance and reduced use and improved performance of the operation to reduce errors. The Building Information Modeling as an innovative way to design, construction of process before and after the operation, implementation and management, compared with more traditional methods of design and attitude as human activities that model, instead of seeing it as an object-oriented approach or a special software. In fact, BIM improves the automation industry and process two-dimensional animation project, has been integrated into the workflow in the batch process, the ability of computing, networking and data information and knowledge society maximized and errors are reduced.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) by removing complexity in the design, manufacturing, integration of information with possible changes in the other components of the structure, anticipate and reduce errors after the operation and construction. With technology development, process improvement and change the industry has improved, but still compact construction industry based on the traditional process, with the architectural design or building design, constructed by contractors. This is while, the building of new systems and due to the changing demands of the employer, are very complex, so that we add to this complexity, architects, owners and contractors to align themselves with these developments, in the wake of Operation changes into the design drawn on the body, it's important to be consistent and comprehensiveness of information between other elements of building construction creates a problem, since more of the architect's plans need to be integrated and followed this interference with the program at all stages make a pre-operation. In fact, building information modeling, a new change in the design and construction industry is documenting, modeling, building information, information about the whole building gives us the full documentation and integration into a database gives us. All of these parameters are therefore connected to each other, any change in the model of an object, the entire project will affect all aspects, building information modeling, data includes actual building is only two-dimensional maps, which are common Maps drawn with CAD found not formed. Building Information Modeling, a common mistake is called as a digital model generated by CAD software in a process known as Building Information Modeling. Construction industry due to the large number of documents it is much more complicated than ever. BIM new promising tool in architecture, engineering and construction industry, which will build a virtual model before the actual construction of buildings on the main field allows information. In fact, this model designs because this method, using the building information and it is also the most important stage design. Building and weaknesses through analysis software is documented. In enhancing the effectiveness of the do the right thing, in this method, two-dimensional plan was rejected and assessments in specific applications with methods to identify the areas and their dimensions are considered qualities, at different times of exposure, etc. is checked. BIM improves the automation industry and process two-dimensional animation project, has been integrated into the workflow in the batch process, the ability of computing, networking and data information and knowledge society maximized and errors are reduced.

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Strategic planning is presently considered as a key managerial process. Despite the abundance of literature on strategic planning, few research projects have focused on the measuring of strategic planning. This paper offers a diagnostic toll and twenty key features for measuring strategic planning effectiveness based on Hoshin Kanri. The model was tested in a large sample of state-owned company in Iran and the results are put to the fore by the author.

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This article aims to examine the role of the ineffectiveness of the repressive apparatus in Arab revolutions of 2011. This year, the four Arab regimes (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen) collapsed one after another but others, such as Bahrain, Morocco, Algeria, and Jordan, despite being faced with massive protests, did not experience the revolution. Several common factors have been effective in the collapse of political regimes in Arab world, or what is known as the Arab revolutions. This study, according to the experiences of previous revolutions and expected outcome of the revolutionary ideas, to investigate one of the most determine the causes of the revolutions, seeks to answer this question: Is the ineffectiveness of the repressive apparatus and specifically the Army, has been effective in the Arab revolutions? The results of this study by comparing four revolutionary (Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen) and two non-revolutionary cases (Algeria and Morocco) with using comparative method and Mill^,s difference techniques  shows that The ineffectiveness of the repressive apparatus in all four cases is common and Arabic countries, despite the similarities with these countries but did not experience the revolution in 2011, these factors were absent. So the presence and absence of this factor has been determined in the occurrence / non-occurrence of these revolutions.

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Aims: To evaluate oncology nurses' practices regarding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients and whether there is a correlation between the effectiveness of an interventional program on nurses' practices and their demographics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an interventional program on nurses' practices regarding patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pretest/posttest strategy, from October 28, 2021, to May 14, 2023, in Al-Habboubi Teaching Hospital. 60 nurses were selected by available sampling and were allocated into two groups; control and intervention (each 30 nurses). The data-gathering tool had two sections; demographic information of the nurses and an observation checklist for nurse practices regarding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (27 items). The data was analyzed using SPSS 26 software by Chi-square and One-way analysis of variance.
Findings: There was no significant difference in practice scores regarding CIPN between the control (1.06±0.05) and study (1.03±0.04) groups (t=-2.658; p=0.13). The practice score of the study group (2.68±0.14) was significantly (t=-52.145; p<0.001) higher than that of the control group (1.11±0.07) after the intervention. One-way analysis of variance showed no relationships between the two groups in pretest and posttest according to demographic parameters.
Conclusion: The chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy training program improves the practice of oncology nurses.
 

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Performance appraisal is considered as an important and critical function in facilitating organization effectiveness in the field of human resource management. In recent years, there has been more attention toward the role of performance appraisal system, became it is believed that an effective performance appraisal system can present many advantages for the organization and its members. Performance appraisal system has gained considerable attention from public sector especially in Iran and in recent years the government has tried to implement this system by improving its present status among managers, supervisors/experts and employees. In this article, the degree of past and present performance appraisal effectiveness is studied and in this regard 7 hypothesis and its referent questions are presented. By testing in a comparative method the questionnaire forms are distributed among certain members of experts in the ministry of economic affairs. The results indicate a comparison between past present performance appraisal system show a remarkable move toward a better system in the future. At the end, recommendations for developing and improving a system of performance appraisal system for public employees also removal of current difficulties and upgrading the effectiveness of the system are presented.

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The attention to servant leadership has increased in the recent years and different kinds of business, profit, educational and even governmental organizations have used servant leadership principles for managing their organizations. But doubts have been raised in regard to the effectiveness of implementing servant leadership for organizational effectiveness, especially, in governmental organizations. In the light of mixing Iranian culture with the goals of servantitude and importance of the topic, this article is concerned to test the effect of servant leadership on organizational effectiveness of Iranian governmental organizations through the two ways of leadership and followership effectiveness. For this purpose, after problem statement and reviewing the literature, the factors and the variables of theoretical research model was recognized and the respected questions were distributed among the managers and employees of 22 Iranian public organizations. T- student test was employed for examining the whole status of research dimensions. For testing the hypotheses, statistical tests of regression and Spearman correlation were employed. In examininig the relation between research dimensions, all of the relationships under study were verified. But the low score obtained for the mean of servant Leadership Measuring Instrument (OLA) in comparison to average mean explained that servant leadership is exercised weakly in Iranian public organizations while paternalistic leadership dominated them. Also the weak relationship of realization of organizational effectiveness through servant leadership - followership effectiveness denotes thelack of necessary attention to the followers and their role in organizational effectiveness. Finally, some suggestions are offered according to the results.

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Information systems security (ISS) is a critical issue that organizations face world wide. Information systems security involves both technology and people (human factors). The focus in most researches on information systems’, security as a technical issue has dominated ISS researches and practices. Lately, a new paradigm is emerging, addressing it as a “people issue” and an “organizational issue”. In that paradigm, people are the weakest element in the information systems security. The present research takes a different perspective on ISS by focusing on “behavioral information security” and with considering the general lack of empirical research and the importance of information security to modern organizations, it presents a managerial framework for explore the role of human factors in ISS. Specifically the purpose of this research was to identify and model the critical managerial constructs that mostly influence the effectiveness of ISS. The methodology of this study combines both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Through a qualitative technique and investigating the research literature, identified key constructs in information systems security were identified. Then developed mod was based on the effects of these constructs on the information systems’ security effectiveness. Then based on the research literature and scholars ideas, a questionnaire was developed and distributed in some organizations. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS and LISREL software. The results of empirical analysis supported and validated the model.

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Today, firms depend on technology transfer to establish competitive advantage in the global market place. Since the failure rates in TT projects are surprisingly high, special attention should be given to the identification of factors leading to ineffectiveness of TT projects and factors facilitating TT effectiveness. One of the most important factors affecting TT success is the organization’s competence in dealing with the newly transferred technologies. Every organization must somehow modify its structure, resources and culture to adapt the new technologies. In this paper, we first identified all the significant indicators representing organizational competence and TT effectiveness in Iranian firms. Then we measured the effect of each of organizational competence indicators on TT effectiveness in Iranian electrical manufacturing firms.

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Literature review indicates that systemic agricultural Human Resource Development (HRD) interventions are rarely carried out in developing countries, and limited knowledge exists about how successful they have been. A comparative study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of three multi-project HRD interventions including Extension Plans, Adaptation Plans and Diffusion-Push Plans in Fars Province of Iran, and to determine factors correlated with their effectiveness. The research population consisted of 41 target farmers of HRD interventions, whom were all interview surveyed. 41 farmers were also randomly selected from non-plan partners of the same communities as the comparison group. Data were gathered through two separate questionnaires. Face validity was verified by a panel of experts, and reliability was obtained through pilot test. Wilcoxon Test revealed significant differences in HRD levels of interventions partners, before and after the programs, and Mann-Whitney Test showed significant differences between HRD levels of partners and non-partners. Statistically significant correlations were observed between some variables such as supportive environment or plans characteristics and plan effectiveness. The results could improve the understanding of HRD effectiveness and its influencing factors.

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Flipped classroom is one of the relatively new teaching methods in which teaching takes place outside the classroom and class time is devoted to practice, and learning is established under the supervision of the teacher. Various studies in the world and in Iran have examined the effectiveness of flipped learning in teaching English, but these studies have been done either in the context of schools and institutes or with English language college students. This study examines students’ attitudes towards the flipped classroom, and the effectiveness of flipped learning in General English courses at Farhangian University. Findings show that students are satisfied with the flipped classroom and prefer it to traditional classes. Based on the results of paired and independent t-tests, flipped learning improves students' learning in General English courses. In addition, gender can affect the effectiveness of flipped learning, but students' field of study does not have such a role. Based on the findings of this study, flipped learning can used to increase the effectiveness of General English courses in face-to-face and virtual classes.

1. Introduction
Successful teaching and the improvement of learners’ achievement is undoubtedly the goal of all educational systems, and the advent and availability of technology to the public, has made this goal more attainable in recent years. Flipped classroom model is one of the innovations in teaching made possible through technology, which is an attempt to respond to challenges in traditional teaching by devoting more time to active learning in the classroom using a blended learning approach. In flipped classroom model, the direct teaching presented to the whole class changes into interactive personalized teaching which occurs outside the classroom, and hence the classroom becomes a dynamic and interactive learning environment to consolidate learning (Kaviani et al., 2018).
Although many studies have studied the effectiveness of flipped learning in schools and language institutes in Iran, and in college contexts overseas, no rigorous study has been devoted to this issue in university contexts in Iran till the date of conducting this study. Therefore, this study aimed to investiage the effectiveness of flipped learning in a general English course in Farhangian University, and also to review students reactions to this experience.

2. Methodology
In this study, which was conducted in the second semester of the academic year 2017-2018 at Farhangian University of Mashhad, eight general English Language classes of the undergraduate course in Shahid Beheshti Campus (males) and Shahid Hasheminejad Campus (females) were randomly selected to participate in the research. These classes included 300 students (103 females and 197 males) from different fields of study in humanities and science.
The teaching in the classes was done following flipped format until the mid-term exam, and then, classes were taught through traditional methods. In this way, each of the students had two scores, one of which was obtained after the reverse training and the other after the traditional training.
A mid-term and a final exam were used in the research, each of which consisted of 50 multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay-type items. The tests measured knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and reading and comprehension of the learners. At the end of the semester, the attitude questionnaire about the flipped classroom, which was adapted and translated from the study of Hsieh, et al. (2017) was administered to the students.

3. Results
These results showed that the students were satisfied with their experience in the flipped classroom. According to Hsieh, et al. (2017), the items in the questionnaire measure four aspects of motivation, effectiveness, participation and overall satisfaction of learners. They did not provide items that measured each construct, but since all items had means above the midpoint of the scale, the findings suggest that students believed that the flipped classroom motivated them, and it has been more effective and attractive for them.
 Moreover, the results of the paired t test to compare the performance of the flipped and tranditiona classrooms (t = 8.08, df = 299, p<0.05), showd a significant difference between the students' grades obtained after reverse education and the grades obtained from traditional education.
To study the effectiveness of flipped classroom for the two genders , an independent samples t-test was run. According to the results (t=-2.14, p<.05), there was a significant difference between the scores of women and men as a result of flipped learning, and women had a higher mean. This indicates that flipped classroom has been more effective for women.

4. Discussion
The results of this study about students' satisfaction with the flipped classroom are in line with the findings of other survey studies about the flipped classroom using other questionnaires (Baker, 2000; Lage et al., 2000; Mehring, 2015).
The finding of he effectiveness of flipped learning is consistent with theoretical discussions about the effectiveness of the reverse method (Bergman & Sams, 2012; Kim et al., 2018). The better performance of students in flipped classroom is also in line with the results of other studies conducted in the field of English language teaching and flipped learning (Farsi et al., 2020;  Hsieh, 2017; Hung, 2014; Sahragard et al., 2020).

5. Conclusion
According to the findings of this research, one of the effective ways to improve English learning in general language classes in the university, regardless of the field of study, is to use flipped learning so that students who have different backgrounds can wathc the teaching video as many times as they need before coming to the class, and use the opportunity to practice in the classroom to consolidate learning and solve possible problems.

 

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Design and implementation of QMS will cause to the improvement of organizational performance if it concerns on the especial characteristics of the organization. In general, previous studies have obtained different results about the effect of QMS (7 main practices) on organizational performance (4 main practices). In this survey, the relationship between QMS and organizational performance practices is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that QMS practices have a significant relationship with the employee’s satisfaction, customer satisfaction and organization effectiveness, but the relationship between financial practice and QMS is not significant.