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Seasonal variability of different parameters of the water column including chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen and turbidity in Noshahr region in Mazandaran province based on measurements using CTD device taken during different seasons of 1397 are investigated. According to the results, maximum chlorophyll-a during the spring in offshore area is below the mixed layer at the depth of 20 (m), during the summer with the lowest concentration among all the seasons is inside the mixed layer at the depth of 20 (m) in offshore area and during the fall and the winter the highest concentration of chlorophyll-a is observed near the coast. Maximum dissolved oxygen during the spring is located at the depth of about 20 (m), in the spring in the offshore is at the depth of 40 (m) and during the fall and winter is observed with maximum values near the surface and the lowest values near the bottom. Maximum turbidity is observed in all seasons near the shore at the depth of 5 m and the maximum values of the turbidity are found during the cold seasons. Zero values of the turbidity during the winter is observed inside the mixed layer, while during the fall and the summer is below the mixed layer and in the spring is found in the deep layer.

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Geotechnical designs are commonly based on several assumptions. Regardless of limitations caused by the inherent variability of soil and its unknown behavior, field measurements by the site instrumentation provide opportunities to have a safe and efficient design. Therefore, instrumentation has an important role in geotechnical research and professional studies. With the development of urban construction, excavations adjacent to buildings have increased dramatically. With large changes in stress distribution due to excavation, displacements may occur in the adjoining buildings and the soilmass. In urban excavations, the control of displacements created in soil and adjacent buildingshave always been an important issue due to the risk of damages.  An optimum design and safe operation of the supporting system require a full understanding of the load distribution and displacement patterns in it. A simple traditional method in protecting the excavations is the use of inclined struts.This method,commonlyusedinIran,is the use of inclined strutsto support the adjacentbuildings. This method is not merely used in large excavations, but it is very popular for small to medium size excavations because of long-term traditional uses in Iran. Althoughthe mentioned method has practical applications but it is not fully investigated. It is necessary to investigate the presented method to determine itsadvantages and disadvantages as well as the limitations and the appropriate scope of its application.  Some theoretical and numerical studies have been conducted in this regard and in fact the primary understanding of the performance mechanism of inclined struts and the loads acting on them are based on numerical studies. Thispaper reports the results of aninstrumentation undertakenon inclined struts during excavation and presentsvaluable informationaboutthe performance of such struts. In addition, a two dimensional numerical modelingwas performedand calibrated in order toverifythe mechanism ofstruts performance observed in thefield monitoring. The results proposethe mechanismof the inclined struts during excavation beside existing buildings as follows: (a)Partofthe load of the adjacent building ispassed to the bottom of the excavation through theinclined strutand consequentlyless pressure is exertedonthesoilbeneath the foundation. Therefore the amount of settlement beneath the foundation decreases. This mechanism suggests that inclined struts act as underpinning. (b) The inclined strutreduces the horizontal displacements of the excavation wall and the neighboring buildings due to the lateral constraintsit creates. As described below, the reduction of horizontal displacement has a significant impact on reduction of damage in neighboring buildings. Moreover, the paper in troduces a set of simpleinstrumentations which are designed in the course of the presented study andcan beusedin common engineering practice for small to medium size excavations. Monitoring is commonly neglected in small or medium projects but the use of proposed set of monitoring tools could play an important roleto increase safety and also in the investigation of excavations in urban areas

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Wind is one of the factors influencing the performance of the dry cooling tower. According to research, wind will decrease the efficiency of dry cooling tower about 20%. Therefore, many studies have been done to improve the performance of dry cooling towers. Although various numerical methods and wind tunnel studies have been conducted, but the data obtained has not been properly validated and therefore requires that the appropriate field research done. To study the effect of wind on the performance of dry cooling tower, it is appropriate to model airflow around the cooling tower and the entrance of the deltas. In this research, which is the field research, air flow pattern around the tower and the deltas of Montazar ghaem plant cooling tower has been evaluated. The survey results found that the flow around the cooling tower has no separation. The sectors are positioned in front and back of the wind have the most efficiency and the least efficient sectors that are tangential to the wind. There is a vortex flow pattern in the critical deltas.

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One of the major issues in the industry is inhomogeneity depth profiling in the metallic structures before reaching them to the border of demolition. Fuzzy logic based methodologies, due to their ability to describe the complex issues with empirical nature such as non-destructive testing, are used for this purpose and usually provide acceptable results. But empirical rules and also extracted data from non-destructive testing methods mainly have high degree of uncertainty and therefore Classical fuzzy methods, which are based on exact membership grades and Type-I membership functions, are incapable to deal with them. Therefore, they cannot deal with noisy environments and also cannot represent a good performance for accurate depth estimation of unknown cracks. In this paper, to allocate uncertainty to rules and membership functions, the type-II fuzzy logic system is used to solve the inverse problem of crack profile depth estimation. Also Alternating Current Field Measurement (ACFM) signals are used to sizing the depth of crack profile. Then, experimental results of the proposed method are compared to the other state of the arts in the presence of different level of noise and different type of cracks. The results show the superiority of the proposed method to the other methods.