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This study explores how Lacanian psychoanalysis governs and understands the mother-child relationships in Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie (1944/2014) and Darren Aronofsky’s Black Swan (2010). In so doing, the primary purpose of this study has been to establish the links between the central characters' behaviors and the psychoanalytic concept of 'deferral of desire’.' The research proposes a novel aspect of 'psychoanalytic meaning' by basing it on the counter-intuitive process of evading the jouissance of actualizing and immersing oneself in one's object of desire. To support the proposition mentioned above, this study has explored the eventual fate of the children in Black Swan (Nina), and The Glass Menagerie (Tom and Laura), analyzing their respective experiences of (dis)satisfaction after their ultimate success or failure in their attempts to attain their objects of desire. This study has employed the Lacanian psychoanalytic concepts of the objet petit a and register theory to posit that satisfaction lies not in obtaining one’s object of desire, but in repeatedly failing to do so, due to the fact that possessing the object of desire shatters the lack which is the necessary condition of maintaining the desirability of the object of desire. The article concludes that while we are intuitively equipped to think of satisfaction as the effect of the realization of the object of one's desire, psychoanalytically speaking, satisfaction is found in precisely the opposite direction, that is, in a repeated failure to obtain the object of one's desire.

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In this paper an analytical model for investigating of the ballistic impact behavior of two dimensional woven E-glass/epoxy composites is presented on the basis dividing the impact duration to several time intervals and calculating the energy absorbed during each time interval. The major components of energy lost by projectile during ballistic impact are identified, namely the cone kinetic energy formed on the back face of the target, the secondary yarns deformation energy, the tensile failure energy of primary yarns, the delamination and matrix cracking energy. It is assumed that the shear plug formation is not observed for glass reinforced composites and the energy lost in overcoming the frictional force between projectile and composite is negligible. Analytical formulations have been presented for calculating energy absorbed by each mechanism in each time interval. Finally, a good correlation has been observed, comparing the analytical model presented in this paper to the experimental results presented by others investigators.

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Aims: Colored windows are part of the architecture of traditional Iranian buildings in the Islamic period, which act as gates for the passage of single light into space and its division into different colors. The main purpose of research is to create sensitivity in design of colored glass, to express the principle of using color in colored windows of traditional and Islamic buildings, to discover the relationship between color separation and architectural space quality in sustainable lighting system. the other goal is to achieve one of the effective characteristics in creating balance in a permanent building (Nasir Al-Molk Mosque).
Methods: The type of research is qualitative-quantitative. The extraction of materials has been done by collecting information from documentary sources and field perception of the pattern and area of Nasir Al-Molk Mosque colored glass.
Finally, through the comparative analogy of the proportion of colored glass surfaces with the theoretical basis of the results have been extracted.
Findings: In the sample, five types of general coloring and 15 types of partial coloring were analyzed. Blue, turquoise, green (cold colors) and red and yellow (warm colors) are used in colored windows with balance and one in between.
Conclusion: Extraction of the ratio of cold to warm colors close to one in accordance with the principles of Islamic philosophy showed that, the pattern of color distribution in space was not random, and in this regard, there is unity.

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Similar to religious reverse glass paintings, Gilan's holy shrine paintings are also religious art from the Qajar period. Among these paintings in the matter of religious beliefs and artists' origins, a unity in the style of narration and illustration can be found. Transtextuality, introduced by Gérard Genette, is one of the most important theories in literature and art. He addresses different ways of how a text can remind the reader of a previous one and guide the reader towards it. The main question of the research is which factors that have been used in reverse glass paintings and holy shrine paintings have transtextuality and similarity. The research method is descriptive and analytic and the library collecting content method is taking fiche notes and reading pictures text; the data analyzing is qualitative. Findings are indicative of a similarity and transtextuality relation between holy shrine paintings and reverse glass paintings. Forgery similarity is the application of visual elements and semantic implications, with functioning and imitating form and pretext content. Transposition Transtextuality in the visual structure and semantic implications has a critical role in hypertextuality. Artists have created a new concept by modifying elements and changing the concept in Gilan's holy shrine painting.
 

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The influence of maleic anhydride-polypropylene (MAPP) (0, 2, 3 and 5%) as a compatibilizer on the wettability of polypropylene/wood flour/glass fiber hybrid composites was studied by using the contact angle determination technique. Sample slats with a cross section of 10×70 mm were made by a twin screw extruder. Specimens were conditioned at room temperature and the angles between the water droplets and surfaces of the hybrid composites were measured. Results revealed that the wettability of the composites was significantly decreased as the MAPP was increased to 3%. However, no significant decreasing effect was observed at MAPP contents above 3%.

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Nanostructured (Al-8wt%Zn-3wt%Mg) alloy was synthesized by simultaneous fracture and cold welding mechanisms in mechanical alloying with initial elemental powders and subsequently, this alloy was applied as matrix to fabricate Al/Short glass fiber nanocomposite in 1, 3 and 5 percent of glass fibers. The resulting powders were consolidated under 400 MPa at 380 °C in cylindrical die to produce consolidated nanocomposites. Relative density of samples reduced with increasing the percentage of glass fibers and this trend was more intense from 3 to 5 percent. Also compressive strength and hardness were investigated for these samples in different percent of glass fiber. The results showed that strength and hardness were enhanced with increasing glass fiber but decrease of mechanical properties was observed in 5 percent due to reducing in relative density. Compressive strength was compared between nanocomposite with pure Al and Al alloy matrix, and results show more reinforcement in Al based sample.

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Recently, great attention has been focused on epoxy polymers in different industrial and scientific activities, owing to superior mechanical properties and their stability in different environmental conditions. In this study, the molecular dynamics method was used to study the structure of cross-linked epoxy polymers and predict glass their transition temperature (Tg). The epoxy polymer with a certain degree of cross linking was constructed through the previously proposed cross linking procedure. A temperature cycle (300-600 K) with a constant rate was then applied to the cross-linked epoxy, and a rough estimate of the glass transition region was obtained through mean squared displacement curves. Thereafter, variation of density in terms of temperature was utilized to precisely calculate Tg. The estimated Tg was found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. Radial distribution function was finally used to investigate the effects of temperature and cross linking on the local structure of simulated polymer.

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In the present study, central composite algorithm was used in order to model and optimize the mechanical behavior of “glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite - structural steel “connections. Initial tests showed that the polymer curing variables play a significant role as key process parameters in producing strong and reliable connections. After conducting Thermal Gravimeteric Analysis on polymer, by selecting curing time and curing temperature as input variables, the parameters were coded and each of them was studied in five levels. In order to estimate the desirable response and provide appropriate models, thirteen tests were conducted systematically. In order to assess the accuracy and to validate the proposed model, analysis of variance was performed successfully. The effect of curing time and curing temperature on the connection’s strength quality was studied utilizing two-dimensional graphs. Utilizing this approach the optimal bonding process variables was achieved at 40°C and 180 min for curing temperature and curing time respectively. Finally, the results obtained from micro structural characterization and fractography analyses of joints by Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope were in good agreement with the results achieved by the developed model.

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Objective: One of the major issues in bone tissue engineering is the design and fabrication of bioactive, bioresorbable porous 3D scaffolds capable of maintaining their structure and integrity over a predictable period of time. One such approach is the fabrication of composite scaffolds. Methods: In this study we present fabrication and characterization of novel silk/bioglass-composite scaffolds. Regenerated fibroin was constructed from mulberry silk cocoons and calcium silicophosphate bioactive glass was made by sol-gel processing. For fabrication of a homogenous composite, grained bioglass particles were modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coating. Fibroin/bioglass composite scaffolds were fabricated by the freeze-dry technique at different concentrations. Results: Silk protein extract was evaluated by FTIR and XRD methods. FTIR spectrum showed sharp amide peaks at 1655 cm^-1 and 1530 cm^-1 wave lengths, which confirmed the existence of fibroin. XPS analysis demonstrated that the amino groups were established on the surface of the glass powder. The fabricated 3D scaffolds were morphologically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed uniformly dispersed bioglass particles in all structures. Scaffolds were seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells for 21 days. Conclusion: Considering the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and osteogenic differentiation during three weeks, it could be concluded that the appropriate combination of structural and biological properties make the silk/bioglass composite scaffold a probable choice for potential use in bone tissue engineering.

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In recent years a high attention has been conducted to the structural application of wood plastic composites (WPCs). Regarding that the WPCs have lower mechanical strengths, fiber reinforcements have been applied for strengthening the WPCs. Hybrid wood plastic composites (HWPCs) include two types of reinforcements of glass fibers and wood flours that are added to a polymeric matrix. WPC pallets as an example can exploit the mechanical strength of HWPCs. In previous work, wood plastic composite was reinforced by continuous glass fibers by a unique extrusion process. Embedding the continuous glass fibers in WPC matrix resulted in significant improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strengths. In this paper, a model has been proposed to predict the tensile strength and modulus of the WPCs reinforced with unidirectional glass fibers. The methodology applied in this research considers the WPC as matrix and the glass fibers as reinforcements. Since WPC matrix is brittle, the rule of mixtures corresponding to the brittle matrix composites was used to predict the tensile strength. Results indicated that the predicted tensile properties were in good agreement with experimental data. The obtained mean errors between the experimental and theoretical results for tensile strength and modulus were 9.5% and 8.6% respectively.

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The purpose of the present research is to investigate effects of long multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on mechanical properties of epoxy resin and unidirectional glass fiber reinforced laminated polymeric composites. Therefore, mechanical properties of polymer (pristine resin), 0.5 wt.% MWCNT/epoxy nano-composites, E-glass/epoxy laminated composites and 0.5 wt.% MWCNT/E-glass/epoxy laminated nano-composites were evaluated. The tensile, flexural and shear moduli and strengths of epoxy polymer and nano-composites were experimentally characterized. Next, the longitudinal and transverse tensile stiffness and strength, also in-plane shear and flexural moduli and the strength of glass fiber laminated composites and glass fiber laminated nano-composites were determined. The experiment results of tensile specimens of laminated nano-composites reveal that the presence of the long MWCNTs improves the bounding properties of fibers in adjacent plies and postpones the failure mechanisms like fiber fracture under tension or edge delamination under shear loading conditions. It can be concluded that the improvement of mechanical properties in laminated composites are more significant than those of the pure epoxy with addition of long multiwall carbon nanotubes. For instance, the longitudinal tensile strength and shear strength of laminated nanocomposites increased by 34% and 26% in comparison with laminated composites, respectively.

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Cracks in composite structures are the most common damages. For example, cracks in thickness direction (translaminar fracture) would be due to inadvertent impact of the projectile with the aerospace structures. Most of studies, so far, aimed at studying the interlaminar crack propagation and emergence of the delamination phenomenon. In this paper, in an attempt to study the translaminar crack propagation of composites, test specimens were prepared in the form of butterfly from a woven glass-epoxy composite by hand layup and the autoclave process. Experimental fracture tests were performed in the first mode, mixed-mode and the pure second mode by changing the loading angle, using a specially developed fixture, based on Arcan. Load versus displacement curves were obtained. Using critical loads of the tests and the dimensionless stress intensity factors, obtained from the finite element analysis by ABAQUS software, translaminar fracture toughness of the composite was determined. As the result, it can be seen that the opening mode translaminar fracture toughness is larger than the shearing mode toughness. This means that translaminar cracked specimen is tougher in tensile loading condition and weaker in shear. Finite element analysis was performed using effective elastic properties of the glass epoxy composite obtained from a homogenized woven composite model based on micromechanics. The effect of laminate thickness on the translaminar fracture toughness behavior of the glass epoxy composite has been studied.

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In this paper, the effect of processing temperature on the elastic and viscoelastic properties including storage modulus, loss modulus and damping value of PVC/plain weave fiberglass composites laminates was investigated. For this, composite samples with [0/90]10 lay ups were produced in three different temperatures including 160 ᵒC, 200 ᵒC and 230 ᵒC using film stacking procedure. Firstly, the flexural strength and modulus of the samples were measured using three points bending test according to ASTM D790-07 standard. Then, viscoelastic properties of the samples were measured in the temperature range of 25 ᵒC up to 220 ᵒC using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and the effect of temperature on the viscoelastic properties was studied. Also, the effect of fiber/ matrix impregnation quality on the thermal and dynamic properties of the samples was evaluated using optical microscope images. It was concluded that the temperature of 230 ᵒC is proper to achieve high quality impregnation, according to both DMTA and three points bending test. Also, it was seen that increase of processing temperature up to 230 ᵒC increases the storage modulus; however, processing temperature doesn’t affect the glass transition temperature of the samples.

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This research investigated experimentally the effect of useing of 3D fiberglass fabric in the energy absorption in glass fiber metal laminate composite made by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) method. The prepared GLARE is made of two or three Aluminum 2024 facing sheets and E glass/epoxy as nano composite core. Composite core section for samples of glass fiber plain weave has been composed of plain weave glass fiber 200 g⁄m^2 , 3D fiberglass fabric samples consists of 3D fiberglass fabric to thickness of 5 mm, resin R510 and hardner H515. All panels fabricated using VARTM method in section glass fiber plain weave in fiber volume fraction of 71%. Low velocity impact tests were conducted using by drop weight device at the impact energy of 50 and 80 j. The results of the low velocity impact experiments show that the amount of resistance of impact plain weave samples in comparison to the 3D fabric in various energy levels is more and better. In applications where weight is an effective agent component, the weight of glass fiber plain weave base samples is less than 3D fiberglass fabric samples.

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Due to the polar functional groups of PVC thermoplastic and its good adhesiveness to the metals, production and roll forming of PVC/ aluminuim/ glass fiber FMLs were investigated in this research. At the first, flexural strength and bonding quality between PVC matrix and aluminuim layer in the FMLs were studied by doing three point bending tests according to ASTM D790 standard. In the following, FMLs with dimension of 12×80 cm and two layups including [0/90, 0/90, Al]s and [45/-45, 45/-45, Al]s were produced using film stacking and hot pressing procedure. The FMLs were rollformed into 30, 45 and 60º channel section profiles at 160ᵒC using a single stand rollforming process and geometrical decects including profile bowing, edge wrinkling, spring back and also aluminuim/composite layers delamination of the resulted profiles were evaluated. The FMLs also were roll formed into 86º channel section profiles using a multi stand roll forming process and the effects of multi stand roll forming on the defects stacking were evaluated. Finally, it was concluded that more than 45º bend angle increase in a rollforming stand results in composite/ aluminum delamination. Also, placement of the reinforcing fibers in the longitudinal direction of the profiles reduces the profile bowing and edge wrinkling defects significantly.

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Today, composite materials have extensive use in aerospace automotive and defense industries compared to metals, because of their high strength to weight ratio and good corrosive resistance. Machining of these materials regard to their composite structure is complicated. Achieve optimal machining conditions, depending on the needs, according to the type of fiber and resin used in composites, need proper analysis and careful investigation. In this study, composite pipes made of glass-epoxy to a thickness of 5 millimeters, which are often used in the body of Aerospace structures, produced by hand lay-up and their surface roughness after turning process is measured. In order to obtain the minimum roughness in the turning process, tool type in two modes, and cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are studied at three different levels. So Taguchi experimental design method and experimental test samples on roughness the results analysis and performed by minitab software. Finally, concluded that the minimum value of the surface roughness is obtained by tools with chip-breaking levels, cutting speed 100 m/min, feed rate 0.05 mm/rev, and the depth of cut 1.5 mm.