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  This study shows the integration of e-commerce and advanced algorithm-based learning to establish a sustainable economic system and foster cultural education. The research also investigates the impact of rural aging on the utilization of several different land types, including arable land, forest land, and transportation land. The incorporation of e-commerce platforms offers advantages such as resource consumption reduction and efficient supply chain management, enabling broader market access and sustainable production and consumption. However, challenges related to data privacy, algorithm bias, and the digital divide need to be addressed for inclusive access. An artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to analyze the impact of resource consumption and cultural exploration on market access, ethical practices, and data privacy. The ANN predictions showed that cultural exploration is most prominent with restricted market access, while data privacy is inversely related to ethical practices and market access. Regardless of consumption levels, resource consumption leads to increased data privacy. The study also found that rural aging has a significant negative impact on urban, industrial, and transportation land, but no significant impact on arable, forest, and garden land. The impact varies between towns and townships, with rural aging reducing urban and industrial land in towns but promoting the expansion of forest and grassland in townships. The results show the promising avenues for sustainable economic development and cultural education through the integration of e-commerce and advanced algorithm-based learning, while emphasizing the need to address key challenges and the implications of rural aging on land use for sustainable development.

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Aims: The assessment of threats and vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure such as urban water infrastructure can, in many cases, significantly reduce vulnerabilities or minimize the consequences of a threat. The aim of this research was to evaluate the components of the contingency and impact severity of human-oriented and natural-based threats in urban water infrastructure.
Instrument and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, a library collection method, including the study of books, research, and domestic and International articles of researchers as well as Internet search was used. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by Hazop model and Friedman test, using SPSS 21 software.
Findings: According to the experts, the highest scores were assigned to terrorism acts and suppression, and, ultimately, human error. The most critical type of threat was recognized as chemical attack, military attack, and drought by the Hazop model. The second threat was rocket attacks, earthquakes, and terrorism. The human error ranked next in critical threats. The military attack and drought were recognized as an unacceptable crisis and the probability of a flood, a military attack (ground) and human error were ranked one to three. The impact severity (damage) of the military attack (ground), earthquake, and chemical pollution were ranked one to three, respectively.
Conclusion: The most critical types of threats are chemical pollution in urban water infrastructure, military attack, and drought and are recognized as unacceptable crisis. The probability of flood, military attack (ground), and human error are ranked one to three, and the impact severity (damage) of the military attack (ground), earthquake, and chemical pollution are ranked one to three, respectively.
 

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Detergents are a part of human life and are consumed for different purposes, particularly hygiene. In recent years, the detergent industry has experienced significant changes as a result of environmental concerns, the availability, and cost of raw resources and energy, consumer preferences, demographic and sociological trends, as well as global economic and political factors. Several review papers have been published on detergents, but no bibliometric research has been conducted in this field. This study aims to assess the trend of detergent research and show the related hotspots by conducting a bibliometric analysis based on 37650 published articles from Scopus from 2000 to 2022. Numerous significant aspects of these articles, such as subject categories, journals, authors, countries, and keywords, were examined systematically. According to the findings, the number of detergent-related papers has increased significantly over the past two decades. The United States was the leading country in terms of both quality and quantity, followed by China and Brazil. In addition, Detmann, E. from Sweden was the most productive author. Keyword analysis suggests that current research has focused on the development of effective cleaning products that are safe for humans and the environment.
 

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Introduction: In the present century, with the expansion of urbanization and urban development, impermeable surfaces (asphalt, concrete) have also increased and these changes have caused runoff to flow in the city and consequently problems such as traffic disruption, pollution of receiving waters, Reduce groundwater levels and the formation of floods. Traditional methods are not very effective today and in some cases even exacerbate these problems. Therefore, the need for new and creative methods to manage runoff is felt more than ever.
Findings: Three approaches including: water-sensitive urban design, low impact development and sustainable urban drainage systems are among these new approaches that are based on sustainability principles and have multiple benefits (maintaining environmental conditions and completing the urban water cycle) in addition to runoff management.
Method: In terms of purpose, this research is fundamental and from the point of view of analysis method, it is considered as one of the theoretical researches in which by using internet resources and library documents, an attempt is made to identify the concepts, goals and benefits of these three approaches.
Conclusion: Finally by extracting common goals, the success rate of achieving each goal is determined by using the utility matrix, and in addition to formulating a conceptual model of sustainable runoff management, a table of strategies for achieving this approach has been provided.
 

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Background: This paper is devoted to preliminary assessment of the economic cost of land degradation in Albania resulting from unsustainable land use, based on comparing the costs of action for dealing with land degradation versus the costs of inaction.
Materials and Methods: The causes of land degradation are divided into proximate and underlying ones, which interact with each other to result in different levels of land degradation. The economic impacts of land degradation on soil uses are valued according to their typology and their different impacts have been classified spatially into on-site and off-site effects, distinguished according to the economic values that are affected.
Results: The results showed that the on-site costs of soil degradation are significant, but are not be a major concern in the short run. However, on the local scale, impacts will be more substantial for the affected areas. The off-site costs of soil degradation are substantial, however. In some cases, they may exceed the on-site costs, despite the fact that a large part of the off-site costs could not be quantified. Discussion and Conclusions: Some of these issues, especially the conservation of water resources and their sustainable management to reduce sedimentation in rivers and dams, and flood risk reduction, call for immediate conservation measures.

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  Losses of agricultural products and the related financial losses are considerable in Iran. Potato is one of the most important crops in Iran and has the most nutritious energy per area. The losses of potato are considerable as statistical reports. The mechanical damage is one of the factors in potato losses that occur during harvesting and handling of potato tubers. When reduction in mechanical damage of tubers is of concern, attentions are automatically drawn towards the design and adjustment of the potato harvester. Of course the design and adjustment of the potato harvester is one of the coin, the other side is the potato tuber themselves. For some potato varieties that are highly susceptible to mechanical damages, even a well designed and adjusted harvester can still cause extensive damage. For this reason a prior knowledge about damaging impact energy threshold of potato tubers are as important as the knowledge about the harvester.        In this research a constructed pendulum was used to measure the damaging impact energy threshold for Agria, Aula, Marfona varieties. After measuring volume of damage, the effect of impact angle, varieties and tuber size were studied. Results show that, varieties, impact angle and tuber size has significant effect on the volume of damage and aula variety is more susceptible to damage than other varieties. Although volume of damage in large tubers are higher than other sizes.   

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  The mechanical losses which occur in agricultural products are the damage's which imposed on country economy. It is important to investigate the bruising phenomena, as an index of mechanical losses for loss reduction and optimization of harvest and postharvest machinery. In the current study, by means of an impact pendulum apparatus and by conducting a series of impact tests, the effects of temperature (0, 10, 20 and 30⁰C), variety (Golden Delicious and Red Delicious), padding surface (corrugated carton, rubber and galvanized iron) and kinetic energy (300, 600 and 900 mJ) were investigated on rate of apple bruise. Statistical results showed that the effect of temperature, variety, padding surface and impact energy were significant on the mean value of bruise volume at 1% of statistical level. By increasing temperature, the bruised volume was decreased, whereas it increased by increase of energy level in both varieties. While, the Golden Delicious had more strength than Red Delicious. Also, the maximum rate of bruised volume was related to Red Delicious in contacting to galvanized iron and the minimum rate was related to Golden Delicious in contacting to corrugated carton. Prediction of bruised volume was provided using artificial neural network based on four factors of: temperature, impact energy, padding surface and variety. Multilayer perceptron of neural networks were used for prediction of bruised volume. In comparison with other topologies, algorithm Levenberg-Marquardt had better performance with structure 1-26-4 and logsigmoid transfer function in hidden layer. Based on this algorithm, the mean of prediction accuracy in training, evaluation and testing process was equal to 92.48, 88.94 and 87.72 percent, respectively. In addition, the correlation coefficient (R) was calculated equal to 0.975 for linear regression between predicted model and experimental data.  

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Evaluating scientific quality is notoriously a difficult task which has no standard. Ideally, published scientific results should be scrutinized by experts of the related field(s) and should be given scores for qualitative and quantitative factors according to established rules. It is hardly surprising that methods for evaluating research are being sought, such as citation rates and journal impact factors, which seem to be quantitative and objective indicators directly related to published science. The citation data are obtained from a database produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in Philadelphia, which continuously records scientific citations as represented by the reference lists of articles from a large number of the world's scientific journals. The references are rearranged in the database to show how many times each publication has been cited within a certain period, and by whom, and the results are published as the Science Citation Index (SCI). On the basis of the Science Citation Index and authors' publication lists, the annual citation rate of papers by a scientific author or research group can thus be calculated. Since journal impact factors are so readily available, it has been tempting to use them for evaluating individual scientists or research groups. Because Journal impact factors are calculated in a way that causes bias on the other hand for evaluation of scientific quality. There seems to be no alternative to qualified experts reading the publications. Then, much can be done, however, to improve and standardize the principles, procedures, and criteria used in evaluation, and the scientific community would be well served if efforts could be concentrated on this rather than on developing ever more sophisticated versions of basically useless indicators. In the words of Sidney Brenner, "What matters absolutely is the scientific content of a paper, and nothing will substitute for either knowing or reading it.

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Abstact- There exist many methods of adding damping to a vibrating structure; however, very few can function without ever coming into contact with the structure. One such method is eddy current damping. This magnetic damping scheme functions through the eddy currents that are generated in a nonmagnetic conductive material when it is subjected to a time changing magnetic field. in this research work a variable eddy current damper is applied for controlling the vibrations of a cantilever beam. An displacement sensor is attached to the setup for measuring the feedback response for controlling system. A PID control algorithm is developed for the controlling system as the eddy current damper is a non-contacting system. Using this system, experiments are performed on a cantilever beam showing the system can effectively suppress each of the first three modes of vibration by upwards of 10 dB, demonstrating the actuator has an increased bandwidth over previously used eddy current methods. Keywors: Eddy Currents, Magnetic Dampers, FFT

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Collisions between a bird and an aircraft, known as “bird strike event” is a common and dangerous phenomenon in aviation industry. In this study, three numerical methods namely Lagrange, Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) have been implemented in order to investigate bird strike incident. The results have been compared with each other and also with exeperimental data. In order to compare the results obtained from three methods, pressures at the center of impact and also deformation of bird models have been compared. Results indicate that all the three methods are able to predict the pressure at the center of impact almost accurately in both perpendicular and inclined impacts. In addition to that all the methods are able to predict same deformation of bird at particular time intervals. Shorter solution time, not having much parameters to deal with and low probability of numerical errors make the SPH method as a good candidate to analyze bird strike problems.

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surveying the content of Fars local periodical literatures at the late of Qajar and the beginning of Pahlavi shows that women had an effective role in the political and social activities like as the anti-authoritarian and constitutionalist movement and they had could raise their level of political and social awareness. Women in the form of communities and associations and using the magazines which were the most prevailing device at that time, tried to implement the changes in full for the society. Such efforts resulted in political and social awareness of Fars women and the whispering of the issue of women's social rights. Fars province women, through numerous articles of magazines, and for the first time acquainted with the women rights such as the right to education, the right to trade, etc. and gradually they sought to earn the aforementioned rights in the realm of action. The article is concerned on the extension of press and its influence on the process of political-social awareness and women's identity formation to assert their basic rights. The findings of the study show that the Fars press at this era was essentially self-disciplinary with the continuous pursuit of social and political rights for women and greatly assisted women to identify their rights and being socialized. The research method, since the main sources of research in the press, is based on textual analysis, which can be considered as a deeper level of descriptive-analytical method that ultimately leads to appropriate explanations.
 

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Dynamic compaction (DC) method is an effective method in soil improvement, which is widely used in the world. This method includes repeated drops with high energy on the surface of the soil by the tampers weighing 5 to 40 tons. The dampers fall from 10 to 30 m heights. This method is used to increase the density of soil deposits. The degree of density depends on the weight of the hammer, the height from which the hammer is dropped, and the spacing of the locations at which the hammer is dropped. The initial weight dropping has the most impact, and penetrates into a greater depth. The following drops, if spaced closer to one another, compact the shallower layers and the process is completed by compacting the soil at the surface. Nowadays, D.C. method is one of the common improvement methods in Iran because the required equipments and technology of D.C. are simple and available. Since the design of this method is empirical and there are a large number of parameters (variables), so to achieve an efficient D.C. pattern, trial D.C. with before and after compaction tests must be carried out in some areas. Considring the cost of the trial D.C and control tests, numerical D.C. models will increase the efficiency and accuracy of this method and the costs will drop as well. In this study, numerical D.C. has been modeled for granular soil using finite difference method. According to axis symmetric assumption, just half of the soil mass and tamper has been modeled in 2D. To model the drop effect on soil surface, initial velocity method is used on the tamper nodes. Granular soil D.C. has been analyzed with Mohr Coulomb behavior model using Flac 2D 4.0 software. The results of this study have been compared with those of Pan & Selby (2002) studies. Also final settlement of the tamper has been compared with the results in Assaluyeh D.C. project. In both of the above cases, the results of the numerical models and the real measured values are nearly the same. Numerical method can estimate improvement degree in different depths as well as the required number of drops to achieve the ideal improvement degree. Also horizontal extent of the improvement area can be determined at the end of each compaction stage by using relative density contours, Then spacing of impact points can be estimated with reviewing the horizontal extent of the improvement area

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In this paper, the influence of nanoclay Closite 30B on ballistic impact behavior of 2D woven E- Glass/Epoxy laminated composite has been investigated experimentally. The glass/epoxy/nanoclay laminate nanocomposites have 12 layers and 60% fiber volume fraction is manufactured by VRTM method. Fibers have a plain weave configuration with density of 200gr/m2, while The epoxy resin system is made of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), Epon 828, as the epoxy prepolymer and a polyoxypropylene diamine with average molecular weight of 400 gr/mol, Jeffamine D-400, as the curing agent. The nanoclay Closite 30B is dispersed into the epoxy system in a 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% and 7% ratio in weight with respect to the matrix. Morphological studies using XRD revealed that nanostructures are mostly in intercalated form rather than exfoliated form. In additional to tensile test, ballistic impact test is carried out on the samples by flat-ended projectile with 14gr mass and 9.77mm diameter in 130m/s, 142m/s and 155m/s velocities. The results have shown that not only the mechanical properties, but also ballistic impact resistance can be improved with adding nanoclay.

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One of the important applications of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) in Iran is its use as infill block in Block and Joist Reinforced Concrete Floors. The properties and performance of EPS blocks in this floor system, including reaction-to-fire, mechanical properties, thermal resistance and acoustical performance of the system, was studied. Fire behavior of blocks was tested with ISO 5660 cone calorimeter test method. The fire properties of standard and flame retarded types of EPS were measured and discussed, including time to ignition, average and peak values of heat release rate and total heat release. The influence of type of EPS on its fire behavior was investigated. The results showed that the time-to-ignition and total heat release parameters can not be a characteristic value for distinction between standard and fire retarded types of EPS under cone calorimeter test condition. The reason is that both types are flammable and burn completely at fire temperatures. The peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) of EPS is the most important parameter that can be utilized for distinction of Standard and flame retarded types of EPS with cone calorimeter test method. PHRR values higher than 300 kW/m 2 were achieved for standard types, but the results for flame retarded ones were less than 250 (and mostly less than 200) kW/m     2 . The fire risks of specimens were also evaluated using Conecalc software and Richardson method. The results showed that even flame retarded   EPS needs to be protected with a thermal barrier in building applications. Moreover, it is required that the   protective barrier be mechanically fixed to the structural system, since EPS melts and recedes away heat,   once it is exposed to high temperatures. Hence, it is not able to keep barrier, say plaster, in its position.   The flexural strength of blocks under static and dynamic loads and its relation with density and   dimensions of blocks was evaluated. The results showed that minimum 12 and 14 (kg/m     3 ) density of foam is required respected for 25 and 20 cm of height of blocks with a width of 50 cm. An optimum 27      2 mm was obtained for the width of sitting section of blocks on joists. The influence of different properties and   geometry of EPS block (conductivity, width, height and existence of a thermal covering layer under joists)   on thermal resistance of floor system was also studied. The THERM software, Enery Efficiency and   Renewable Energy Program, was used for evaluation of thermal resistance of the floor. The increase of   height and width of blocks caused improvement in thermal resistance of the floor system, but the best result   was obtained when a thermal covering layer was considered under the joists. The acoustical results showed   that the replace of EPS blocks with hollow clay blocks does not influence importantly the impact sound   insulation of the floor system. Neither of them can fulfill the impact sound acoustical requirements and   need to be improved with an extra system, like a floating floor or an appropriate elastic floor covering for   this purpose.    

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Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of gender on language. Some have considered elements of feminine and masculine styles in this regard, while others have considered language to be non-gendered. The discussion of feminine writing style that emerged from the views of those like Lakoff is based on feminist and postmodern ideas. In this article, while reviewing the basics of gender linguistics and a brief outline of the components of Lakoff on feminine writing style, we do a comparative study on the researches done in Iran in this field on translated and compiled literary works. Finally we study 12 articles, analyzing the general state of these studies and their results. In general, the shortcomings of researches, (translation and compilation), in Iran include the sheer field of research results, the lack or weakness of analyzes based on social, psychological, and cultural theories, and their non- generalizability. Regarding researches on the impact of gender on translation, it should be noted that in addition, the number of studies is not high and some points are ignored or the methodology is inadequate.
 
1. Introduction
Chromosomal and consequently cellular differences between men and women, as well as differences between male and female hormones, cause differences in men and women’s brains biologically. This affects their intellectual, emotional, linguistic processes and their general viewpoints. Since language is related to social attitudes, it can be concluded that people with different attitudes have different linguistic or discourse functions. Differences in social attitudes are caused by cultural differences, education, age, and gender, and as women enter the field of fiction, we see a novel discourse called "women's writing style."   
After the expansion of feminist beliefs in the 1960s in addition to the rise of feminist linguistics and gender linguistics, more and more women entered the field of writing, talking about their experiences, issues, and concerns. Apparently, owing to the lower status of women in society, and the rejection of the existing patriarchal culture, many female writers adopted a different style and discourse. In this article, we intend to review the studies on the role of gender in women's writing and translation; besides, we will review eleven published articles to find the answers to the following questions:
1. What components have been studied in women's style researches, including authorship and translation in Iran?
 2. What are the shortcomings of the researches conducted in Iran?
3. Do the researches carried out regarding translation in Iran show the effect of translator gender on his/her translation?
Studies indicate that existing researches have presented field statistics of a number of well-known components in this area, and despite the efforts of recent researchers, the role of in-depth analysis based on valid socio-cultural-psychological theories in these researches is limited. Consequently, they are not generalizable. Regarding the effect of gender on translation, there have been few studies, which were either methodologically inappropriate, or avoided considering some points and the absence of extensive researches in this field is felt.
 
2. Literature Review
Like any other social movements, feminism has had its ups and downs. The first manifestations of feminism can be found in the poems of the Greek poet Sappho of the seventh century BC. The French poet and philosopher Christine de Pizan (1330-1464) also continued this style. Since the 15th century, a number of men and women have written in defense of women and the idea of ​​equality between men and women.
Virginia Woolf pioneered twentieth-century feminist critique with her book of Room of Her Own (1919). After the World War II, Simone de Beauvoir revived the feminist movement with the publication of The Second Sex. After the second wave of feminism, the style of feminine writing was founded upon the ideas of Jacques Lacan, Luce Irigaray, Julia kristeva, Jean Baudrillard, Jean-François Lyotard, Hélène Cixous, and Gilles Deleuze, the founders of postmodern thought.
Hélène Cixous published The Laugh of the Medusa in Arc magazine in 1975, coining the term "feminine writing" (Fauvrelle-Pomeon, p. 183). According to her, women should write about themselves, their feelings, their bodies, their gender, and in this case, their language and language structures will be different. Researches on language and gender initially focused on the effect of gender variable on individual’s verbal behavior at the phonetic level and interactive methods. Robin Lakoff's book Language and Woman's Place (1975) revolutionized the study of language and gender, and expanded researches that had previously focused solely on individual’s verbal behavior at the phonetic level by enumerating lexical, syntactic, and practical features (Moradi and Bahrani, 2016, p. 85). Afterwards, Lakoff mentions 14 characteristics for female speech in the book of Talking Power (1990) (Fotouhi, 2012, pp. 398-399). 
The book A literature of their own (1977) by the American Elaine Showalter is another great work in this field. Influenced by Cixous, Showalter writes on the analysis of women-centered critiques and feminine aesthetics, and uses four biological, linguistic, psychological, and cultural approaches to analyze women's texts and explain their differences. Julia Kristeva and Luce Irigaray are also writers whose work pieces have had a great impact on global feminism and the explanation of women's writing style (Talaei and Talaei, 2018, pp. 434-440; Fauvrelle-Pomeon, p. 184).
However, separating writing into feminine-masculine is not entirely acceptable to all linguists. Taheri (2009, p. 98) does not provide a scientific basis for the theory or method of women's writing, because in Cixous's own words, "it is not possible to provide a definition of women's writing ... and as a result this method is never theorized, defined and codified." . Fotouhi (2012) distinguishes between sex and gender while discussing the use of the term "gender dialect" in linguistics to express the difference between feminine and masculine language. By distinguishing the question of language and gender from the nature of women's literature, or feminism, he mentions five linguistic levels for the characteristics of feminine speech: the phonetic level, the lexical level, the syntactic level, the rhetorical level, and the applied level.
The important point is that there is a difference between a work written in a feminine style and a female-written work: the feminine writing style seeks to reclaim women’s violated rights in the struggle against male domination and has its own components. However, any work written by a woman is considered a female-written work, while a man can also write in a feminine style. This point was the subject of sarailoo's dissertation (2017) entitled  "A comparative Study of female style in Ghadah Al-Samman and Zoya Pirzad's stories". She examines the type of female writing in these two authors' works and concludes that the Al-Samman's works belong to female literary tradition and the Pirzad's works belong to feminism literary tradition.
Aghajari et al. (1398) affirm that the presence of Iranian women in society coincided with the presence of women in written culture during the Constitutional Revolution changes. According to Khayatan (1397), women's storytelling in Iran dates back to before Daneshvar. In the Qajar Era, for the first time, Naser al-Din Shah's daughter wrote stories that were told orally to her father making "Amir Arsalan-e Namdar" the first story written in Persian by a woman. According to Ghasemzadeh and Ali Akbari, Simin Daneshvar is the first Persian-language female novelist in Iran to publish the novel Savushun (1969) after the publication of the first collection of women's short stories entitled A City Like Paradise (1961).
Much research has been done on women's writing style in Iran, both in terms of theoretical, stylistic foundations and applied criticism of literary works. Davari Ardakani and Ayyar in 2008 reviewed the researches carried out in Iran in the field of gender linguistics up to that time and pointed out the problems of those researches. Davari Ardakani and Ayyar also refer to the Book " introduction to the Sociology of Language" written bye Yahya Modarresi in 2007, which analyzes the issues related to society and language, including gender, and men and women’s linguistic patterns and their social differences, and points to gender differences in different languages. The women’s writing style was also studied by Fotouhi in the book Stylistics, Theories, Approaches and Methods, (2012).
 
3. Methodology
In this descriptive-comparative study, while examining the biological and physiological differences between men and women and the theoretical foundations of gender linguistics, we will have a brief and cataloged review of related research in Iran. Then, by reviewing and summarizing 11 applied critiques of women writing (4 researches on the role of translator gender in translation and 7 researches in authorship), we extract and compare the characteristics and components of women's writing style studied in these researches to determine the general status of these researches and existing shortcomings.
The peculiarity and innovation of the present study is that, contrary to the practice of many previous field-researches, which evaluated some presupposed stylistic components of female writing in one or more works, it examines a number of studies conducted in the field of authorship and translation in Iran providing a supra-analysis of the overall status of these studies
 
4. Conclusion
There has been a lot of research in Iran on the effect of the author's gender on writing, but the number of studies on the effect of the translator's gender on translation is very limited. In general, in most studies, some tangible components derived from the theories of Lakoff and other theorists in this field have been studied. Researchers have attempted to describe characteristics and components of feminine writing style through setting the norms and standards of male writing and considering certainty of the difference between male and female writing styles, which is the most fundamental flaw.
Although in more recent research, researchers have tried to look at the issue from a socio-cultural perspective, this approach is very limited and does not provide in-depth analyzes based on social and cultural theories. It seems that researchers in most cases have attempted to prove the theory and its truth in their research; an effort that is in fact anti-scientific. In these studies, the effect of psychological, individual and situational aspects of the author or translator have not been considered and more attention has been paid to their gender.
In the case of translation research, the method adopted is ineffective in some cases. In this regard, it is better to compare different translations of male and female translators of the same work, while bearing the recent translator’s awareness and use of the previous translation in mind.
In examining and criticizing the gender of a translation, one should take the original work in the source language and the style of the original author into account, because the act of translation, compared to the authorship, is restricted and largely depends on the original work. In addition, the researcher should mind the translator’s stylistic features (faithful translation to the text or free translation ...).  
It is also important to respect issues related to editing, publishing norms and requirements in Iran and censorship. When we are going to emphasize the translator's female style in terms of deleting or modifying some words or phrases, we need to know whether the translator did it voluntarily or under the pressure of the publisher or the editor....
    In general, it can be argued that the result of the research presented field statistics and figures of the intended components. That is some tangible components derived from the theories of Lakoff, Mills, Fairclough, and other theorists in this area. Hence, the results obtained from these studies cannot be generalized.
Regarding the issues discussed, it can be said that the study of the effect of gender on writing, both in terms of authorship and translation, requires extensive interdisciplinary researches which are beyond a concise article. To examine this issue in Persian, we must first provide a precise definition of gender and its relationship with other personality factors such as age, occupation, family environment, education, time, and the prevailing cultural discourse. Then, gender differences between languages, men and women’s social differences and their linguistic characteristics need to be recognized. Additionally, while localizing the theoretical foundations of gender linguistics, the components obtained based on related social, cultural, psychological theories and translation should be examined.

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In this paper a neural network with a feed forward topology and a back propagation algorithm was used to investigate the effect of chemical composition on hardness and impact energy in API X65 microalloyed steel. Experimental data was obtained by cutting 100 specimens from pipes manufactured in industrial scale (with 1219 mm diameter, 14.3 mm wall thickness, with similar heats and manufacturing processes). The chemical analysis, Vickers hardness and Charpy impact tests were conducted then according to requirements specified by API 5L standard. The weight percent of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, V, Ti, Nb and Ca were considered as input parameters of the network; while Vickers hardness and Charpy impact energy were considered as output. Scatter diagrams and two statistical criteria: correlation coefficient and mean squared relative error were used to evaluate the prediction performance of developed ANN model. With regard to the exact performance of the developed neural network, it was used then to investigate the effect of chrome and vanadium on Vickers hardness and Charpy impact energy of tested steel.

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Hamed Norouzi. PH.D
Kolsoum Qorbani Jouybari. PH.D
Abstract
The migration of Arabs to Iran began as of 1st Century AH. In that period of time, several tribes from different parts of Iraq and Saudi Arabia immigrated to Iran and settled down in a number of regions in Iran. One of their favorite regions was south of Khorasan. As of then, a number of Arabic-speaking tribes have taken up residence in a region named Arab-Khaneh, which is a village in the vicinity of the city of Nahbandan. The language of these tribes has remained relatively intact. However, still many Farsi terms have entered their language. One of the most important impacts of Farsi language on the Arabic dialect of residents in Arab-Khaneh is the entry of different forms of copula in their dialect. The authors of this article, via carrying out studies in an oasis in the proximity of Arab-Khaneh, have researched the level of impact of Farsi copula on the Arabic dialect of this region. Ultimately, it can be said that in general four types of copula have been observed in this dialect, namely Farsi copula; separable pronouns replacing Farsi copula; a combined form of Farsi copula and Arabic verb; and the Arabic verb کان (with a variety of phonetic types). Among these types, the first and third types are directly impacted by copula and have been shaped with the usage of the Farsi copula است . In the 2nd and 4th types, although the verb is Arabic, the impact of Farsi grammar on it is irrefutable. These four types of structure are only observed in the structure of positive verbs; and in negative verbs only the Arabic verb کان is used (with a variety of phonetic developments).