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The slab method can predict rapidly the rolling force and torque in metal forming processes and a large amount of CPU time can be saved. Up to now, the work hardening effect has not been considered in the slab analysis for forging process of double-layer clad sheet. Evaluation of considering or eliminating the work hardening effect of material behavior in the slab analysis of three layer clad sheet forging process and investigating the subsequent effects on the process outputs are a novel subject considered in this paper. The pressure distribution as well as the forging force are investigated for both conditions. In addition, three layer clad sheet forging process is simulated entirely using ABAQUS/Explicit software. The results have showed that considering the work hardening will result into having larger stresses and forces in the process. Moreover, the results of considering the work hardening have better agreements with those from simulation. Finally, some experiments were performed on forging process of two layer Al/Cu clad sheet to evaluate the bonding quality of sheets. Therefore, forging process can be used for producing multi-layer clad sheets in various industries.

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Different applications of thin-walled tube drawing process especially in case of manufacturing the medical apparatuses has caused that different aspects of this process have been investigated by many researchers. In this paper, considering the shear stress as well as the linear variation of normal stress in elements located in the deforming zone, an analytical solution based on the slab method is presented for tube drawing process with a fixed plug. The pressure on the die surface is assumed to be different from that one on the plug surface. Moreover, taking into account a thin-walled pipe, the plain strain condition is applied to the process. In order to verify the accuracy of analytical solution, the process is wholly simulated using ABAQUS/Explicit software. The results show that the drawing stress can be decreased through increasing the die angle or decreasing the plug angle. Moreover, the drawing stress decreases from inner surface of the wall toward the outer surface. In addition, the pressure on die-tube interface is more than that one on the plug-tube interface while the difference of these pressures be increased for greater die angle. The present closed form solution can be utilized as an efficient tool in the related industries to calculate the required tension stress in tube drawing process.