Search published articles
Showing 38 results for Thermal Comfort
Volume 2, Issue 3 (1-2022)
Abstract
Problem statement: Today, the issue of thermal comfort has been raised as one of the important factors in the quality of urban open spaces along with physical factors. Basically, citizens tend to be in spaces where they feel thermally comfortable. Due to the effect of various parameters in urban open spaces that affect the thermal comfort of users and the lack of codified principles in this regard, the creation of such a space in an urban area has become difficult to identify and meet the thermal needs of city designers.
Results: Studies showed that in the open spaces of the urban environment, due to the influence of various factors, absolute thermal comfort conditions can not be achieved throughout the day; Rather, thermal comfort conditions are expected to be provided for certain hours. To improve thermal comfort in urban open spaces, elements such as vegetation, water, proper orientation, type of materials, color, activity rate and coverage rate are important. It is obvious that by using these factors and observing the time of presence in the open space of Rudkenar sidewalk, thermal comfort will be provided in it.
Method: The research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose; And is based on analytical method. In this method, in order to study the microclimate, the software simulation technique (Envi met) has been used as one of the most complete simulation software in the field of urban microclimate, and the values of PMV thermal comfort index (average vote prediction) using simulation in different parts of the route The designed sidewalk that has different conditions and situations has been calculated and the changes of two factors of temperature and radiation and its effect on the thermal comfort of Khorramabad river in Lorestan in summer have been studied.
Conclusion: Finally, it was found that factors such as choice of direction, walking time, sidewalk width, the presence of trees and vegetation, shade and water, as well as some user characteristics such as metabolic rate and activity, coverage rate in terms of thermal comfort in this season of the year Has been impressive.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Presently, energy suppliment is considered as a pivotal economic and political characteristic in government; so that, an increasing trend in energy price appears in countries namely Iran due to energy resources limitation and increasing costs in extraction and exploitation. Therefore, parallel to efforts made to tackle the energy upgrading costs and lackness, improving energy efficiency and conservation in buildings are considered as main solutions to address the problem. Addition to applying thermal insulation in buildings, it is extremely significant to emplement energy-efficient strategies and approaches to decrease energy transfer rate in construction sector. Undoubtedly, following approaches positively influence buildings energy balance over a year. Directly influenced by climatic condition, building elements specifically, roofs, play an important role in heat transfer rate in a structure There are thermal exchange between roof and ambient temperature including: 1) Heating ignorence 2) Heating absorption 3) and finally solar reflectance). Furthermore, roof coverings compose a large area of buildings envelope; accordingly, it has a major impact on energy consumption and thermal comfort even considering construction roofs area in urban scale. Regarding to previous research experiences, there is a large scope of data on buildings envelope details to level down energy consumption; however, less studies are devoted to building elements shape to formally analyze energy consuming. The following paper develops the studies on roofs shape thermal behavior based on building heating load; while it uses a computerized simulation methodology as an alternative to field-based research. The simulation weather date is based on Isfahan city, in Iran. Modeled and analysed four roof covering types (flat roof, domed roof, pitched roof (30°-60°), pitched roof 45°), the final result shows that however the flat shape roof appears in an appropriate thermal performance, (30°-60°) pitched covering (mostly faced to the south in terms of surface) is regarded as the most energy-effecient form in Isfahan hot and dry climate area while domed shape roof appears in mostly inefficient sample to apply as covering in the area owing to most surface area. Moreover, the graphs show that applying thermal insulation as a layer in different roof shapes, remarkably decreases heating load over a montly simulation.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
The increase in energy consumption within modern societies in addition to expiration of fossil resources are two vital factors which compel the world to alter dangerously, while construction industry around the world consumes 25%-40% of energy in different countries. Above all postindustrial era causes the increase in number of employees as well as bureaus. As a result, the amount of energy consumption and also the quality of indoor offices has always been one of the main concerns of architects. Several studies represent that the thermal discomfort is the most common complaint in offices. The thermal aspect of indoor buildings, not only provides comfort for the residents, but also brings saving in energy, health, productivity, and also a significant morale improvement of the staff. Since most complaints of indoor environment are caused by failure in providing the adequate thermal comfort, researches concentrated on several offices around the world suggest that indoor quality of such buildings is about average; in which many are dissatisfied about their workplace and while many are suffering from building-related illnesses that negatively affect the productivity, duration of working and having economic consequences for those countries. The requisite of thermal comfort within the indoor environment is the existence of thermal comfort standards. These standards define indoor thermal comfort zone according to the physical and personal indexes. The most important international standards are ISO7730 and ASHRAE 55. Nowadays, various models are introduced for appraising thermal comfort within different standards of thermal comfort. According to ASHRAE Standard 55 (2010) thermal comfort is defined as "condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment". Therefore thermal comfort contains different physical and psychological aspects, which means several factors are in effect for this purpose. Thermal comfort is related to four controllable factors namely air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and as well as humidity. thermal comfort also is influenced by three additional factors: activity, clothing and personal expectations. As mentioned above, there are several standards for thermal comfort in the world. The most important ones are international standards ASHRAE 55 (North America) and ISO 7730 (Europe). These standards congruous the theoretical analysis of heat exchange of the human body and gathering information regarding the climate chamber. These standards are appropriate for stationary and homogeneous conditions which are not suitable and hence not much used in the real world. This fact is evident by the disparity between the predicted thermal comfort by these standards and the real sense of human comfort in different places. These standards specify comfort zones in which a large percentage of people perceive the environment thermally acceptable by certain personal criteria. According to these standards, acceptable thermal zone is defined based on satisfaction of at least 80% of the occupants. In other words, performing within the provided criterion of this standard does not mean the 100% satisfaction, as if it is difficult to satisfy everybody due to personal differences. It is to be mentioned that personal control of thermal environment or personal compatibility (by clothing or activity) also increases the satisfaction level. Considering the complexities of defining thermal comfort, several models are represented which are allied to the physical and psychological parameters as the physiological ones. Two forthcoming models are available for appraisal of thermal comfort: PMV model; which explains individuals' response to the thermal comfort in the physiology of the heat transfer. This model evaluates the indoor environments and constitutes the current thermal comfort standards. According to the aforementioned standards, environmental thermal conditions must be maintained homogeneously. Therefore, PMV model is not appropriate for appraising inert thermal sense in places like residential buildings which are not thermally homogeneous and have different thermal zones. However regarding several capacities of this model, many studies have been accomplished in order to adjust this model for such buildings by implementing some changes. The other model named 'adaptive' explains individuals' response to the thermal comfort considering behavioral, psychological and physiological aspects. The thermal comfort standards define the thermal environment conditions of residents based on data obtained by climate chamber experiments. Therefore, consequently, there are problems for using these standards and also thermal comfort models for those who are living in different climates. That is to say regions with different climatic conditions may need different levels of satisfaction parameters through these standards. In other words, due to different climates, cultures, and etc.,the thermal satisfaction conditions differ in different places. Hence, many countries all over the world have conducted field studies to introduce the most favorable thermal conditions that fit their location best. The lack of essential standards for determination of thermal satisfaction limits in office buildings in Iran, results in employees’ thermal dissatisfaction and overall performance reduction. This study uses field methods for measuring environmental variables (temperature and humidity) and also leading inventory (n=328). Kermanshah city is chosen as a case study. Since this city lacks a dominant type of office buildings and the only common aspect of such buildings is indoor offices, thus this feature is considered to choose the samples. To develop the questionnaire, that of ASHRAE 55 (2010) is used, however according to type of the research and the questions cover, some related questions are added. Moreover, answers are adjusted in seven scales in order to be analyzable using available scales of thermal comfort standards such as 7-point scale of ASHRAE. According to results, 81.7% of whole 328 respondents and 65.5% are satisfiedwithtemperature and humidity respectively. Adapting these results to ASHRAE 55, it is concluded that most staff are satisfied in their work place however the results are the opposite about the humidity. To determine suitable range of temperature and relative humidity in order to define comfort zone in offices in Kermanshah, measured data using FLUKE AIR METER are opposed to the results about temperature and humidity (questionnaire). Data analysis using SPSS represents that neutral temperature range through offices in this city is 20-26 centigrade and low relative humidity is about 19%.
Volume 4, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Problem: More knowledge about the aspects affecting outdoor thermal comfort can help urban designers to enhance the experience of urban places. explaining human responses to thermal stimuli requires more detailed knowledge about the factors and processes affecting thermal comfort. In this regard, beside the impact of objective factors, it is necessary to consider the effect of mental processes. In the last two decades, many researches have been focused on the psychological aspects of thermal comfort. The diversity of influencing psychological factors and the breadth of case study data requires comprehensive reviews to make theoretical inferences and transform them into more structured conceptualizations. On the other hand, review of studies on psychological aspects of outdoor thermal comfort shows a weak link with the basic theories of environmental psychology in the relevant field.
Target: The goal of this study was to comprehensively review research findings in the field of psychological aspects of thermal comfort influenced by the experience of urban places, and to create a link between the evidences about psychological influences on outdoor thermal comfort and theoretical concepts of environmental psychology.
Method: The proposed conceptual framework guides and organizes this review. studies were searched based on keywords extracted from theoretical bases, and 28 articles were reviewed in detail. The extracted research outputs were divided based on thematic categorization of the conceptual model, including long-term experience, short-term experience, restorative environments, and momentary person-thermal environment interaction.
Result: Review of studies demonstrates the effect of cognitive factors resulting from long-term experience (association between thermal conditions and spatial characteristics in memory, preferences and attitudes toward thermal experience in urban spaces, and sense of places for the person), short-term experience (short term thermal history, short-term affects and mental fatigue), restorative environments (physical and functional restorative properties, and personal connection to place) and situational interaction between person and thermal environment (congruence with needs/goals and expectations, and coping potential) on outdoor thermal comfort.
Target: The goal of this study was to comprehensively review research findings in the field of psychological aspects of thermal comfort influenced by the experience of urban places, and to create a link between the evidences about psychological influences on outdoor thermal comfort and theoretical concepts of environmental psychology.
Method: The proposed conceptual framework guides and organizes this review. studies were searched based on keywords extracted from theoretical bases, and 28 articles were reviewed in detail. The extracted research outputs were divided based on thematic categorization of the conceptual model, including long-term experience, short-term experience, restorative environments, and momentary person-thermal environment interaction.
Result: Review of studies demonstrates the effect of cognitive factors resulting from long-term experience (association between thermal conditions and spatial characteristics in memory, preferences and attitudes toward thermal experience in urban spaces, and sense of places for the person), short-term experience (short term thermal history, short-term affects and mental fatigue), restorative environments (physical and functional restorative properties, and personal connection to place) and situational interaction between person and thermal environment (congruence with needs/goals and expectations, and coping potential) on outdoor thermal comfort.
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2024)
Abstract
The problem of thermal comfort of users has long been the concern of architects and designers of residential spaces. In the traditional architecture of Iran, according to the climate of each region, the form, the placement of spaces and the design of open spaces are formed according to the climate of each region. In modern times, due to the increase in the population of cities and the increase in the need for residential spaces and traffic space, the issue of open and social spaces and its role in providing human comfort has been given less attention. Residential has become effective in providing thermal comfort to the residents. For this purpose, using the study of scientific texts, the components of urban form affecting the thermal comfort of urban open spaces were extracted in a hierarchy from texture to building, then ENVI-met software was used to simulate and analyze the design factors, and each of the blocks Residential houses with a certain height are simulated in the software. The results show that the nine isolated cubes provide better heat in the open space. The better performance of this arrangement in providing thermal comfort in the open space can be attributed to the distribution of building blocks, which prevents the creation of open spaces without large shadows inside the site. The shade created by the building blocks prevents the temperature from rising too much in the summer afternoon hours.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (2-2016)
Abstract
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
Volume 6, Issue 4 (2-2017)
Abstract
Volume 7, Issue 1 (11-2008)
Abstract
Internal thermal conditions and cooling load of the buildings intensely depend on outdoor conditions. Outdoor conditions of the building are not constant during a day, so assumption of constant thermal conditions for indoor is not proper. It seems that using adaptive temperature panels proportional to the variations of outdoor conditions decreases the energy consumption in comparison with constant temperature cooling panels. In this paper the effects of adaptive temperature metal panels are investigated on energy consumption of the buildings and thermal comfort conditions of the occupants. Results of hourly analysis show that, in Tehran with maximum relative humidity of 65%, in buildings with north and south orientations, we do not need cooling systems in nearly 10 hours of a day, in remains we can provide thermal comfort conditions by radiant ceiling cooling panels with natural ventilation and without any anxiety about condensation on the panels. However, in buildings with east or west orientations we do not need to air conditioning and cooling systems in only 7 hours of a day. In these buildings condensation is inevitable in some intervals of system operation during a day. In these periods, we can decrease the probability of condensation by using mechanical ventilation. Results also demonstrate that cooling energy consumption is decreased of 29 to 45% depending on the orientation of building.
Mehdi Maerefat, Amir Omidvar,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (10-2008)
Volume 8, Issue 1 (10-2008)
Abstract
Internal thermal conditions and cooling load of the buildings intensely depend on outdoor conditions. Outdoor conditions of the building are not constant during a day, so assumption of constant thermal conditions for indoor is not proper. It seems that using adaptive temperature panels proportional to the variations of outdoor conditions decreases the energy consumption in comparison with constant temperature cooling panels. In this paper the effects of adaptive temperature metal panels are investigated on energy consumption of the buildings and thermal comfort conditions of the occupants. Results of hourly analysis show that, in Tehran with maximum relative humidity of 65%, in buildings with north and south orientations, we do not need cooling systems in nearly 10 hours of a day, in remains we can provide thermal comfort conditions by radiant ceiling cooling panels with natural ventilation and without any anxiety about condensation on the panels. However, in buildings with east or west orientations we do not need to air conditioning and cooling systems in only 7 hours of a day. In these buildings condensation is inevitable in some intervals of system operation during a day. In these periods, we can decrease the probability of condensation by using mechanical ventilation. Results also demonstrate that cooling energy consumption is decreased of 29 to 45% depending on the orientation of building.
Mehdi Maerefat, Amir Omidvar,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (12-2009)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (12-2009)
Abstract
In cold season, draught or undesired local cooling sensation in ankle and neck region is one of the most frequent cases of complaint of the occupants. A person who are subjected to draughts in winter, tend to elevate the room temperature to counteract the cooling sensation, thereby increasing the energy consumption. In naturally ventilated buildings, draught is due to windows and other cold surfaces in the room. Draught is dependent on the air speed and on the magnitude of turbulence intensity. Serious draught complaints can often occur at mean speeds lower than those recommended by standards when turbulence intensity is high. So investigation of undesired local cooling in floor heating systems is very important, although in these systems the mean air speed is not significant. In this paper, the effects of size of window on draught are investigated in floor heating systems. Results demonstrated that, undesired thermal discomfort caused by local cooling phenomenon in floor heating systems is negligible. At the end, the probability of occurrence of local cooling phenomenon in floor heating systems is compared to vertical heating panels. Thereby the floor heating systems are more effective than the vertical heating panels in aspect of thermal comfort and energy consumption.
Reza Karimi, Majid. Mirzaei,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (12-2009)
Volume 9, Issue 1 (12-2009)
Abstract
In cold season, draught or undesired local cooling sensation in ankle and neck region is one of the most frequent cases of complaint of the occupants. A person who are subjected to draughts in winter, tend to elevate the room temperature to counteract the cooling sensation, thereby increasing the energy consumption. In naturally ventilated buildings, draught is due to windows and other cold surfaces in the room. Draught is dependent on the air speed and on the magnitude of turbulence intensity. Serious draught complaints can often occur at mean speeds lower than those recommended by standards when turbulence intensity is high. So investigation of undesired local cooling in floor heating systems is very important, although in these systems the mean air speed is not significant. In this paper, the effects of size of window on draught are investigated in floor heating systems. Results demonstrated that, undesired thermal discomfort caused by local cooling phenomenon in floor heating systems is negligible. At the end, the probability of occurrence of local cooling phenomenon in floor heating systems is compared to vertical heating panels. Thereby the floor heating systems are more effective than the vertical heating panels in aspect of thermal comfort and energy consumption.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Background: Human comfort involves their physical, psychological and mental comfort. There are several factors that may affect human physical comfort; among them luminous, acoustic and thermal comfort can be mentioned. Usually in researches done in the field of human physical comfort, researchers tried to predetermine human perceived comfort by measuring some physical factors, whilst there are also other ones that can affect human comfort and are necessary to be considered.
Aims: The aim of this paper is to determine the non-physical factors that affect human physical comfort. Another aim is to achieve the model of human physical comfort affected by non-physical factors.
Methods: In this paper by conducting a library research, researches done in the field of non-physical factors that affect human physical comfort were investigated and analyzed; in this way that physical comfort evaluation methods for users of a space, factors affecting it, places in which those researches were done and those researches results were classified and analyzed. In this paper, among factors that can affect human physical comfort, luminous comfort, acoustic comfort and thermal comfort were studied. Analysis method was statistical and by modeling charts and defining oriented trend process in previous researches.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings of this paper indicated that human physical comfort in a space can not be predicted only by relying on physical factors that were usually used in comfort-related indicators.
Aims: The aim of this paper is to determine the non-physical factors that affect human physical comfort. Another aim is to achieve the model of human physical comfort affected by non-physical factors.
Methods: In this paper by conducting a library research, researches done in the field of non-physical factors that affect human physical comfort were investigated and analyzed; in this way that physical comfort evaluation methods for users of a space, factors affecting it, places in which those researches were done and those researches results were classified and analyzed. In this paper, among factors that can affect human physical comfort, luminous comfort, acoustic comfort and thermal comfort were studied. Analysis method was statistical and by modeling charts and defining oriented trend process in previous researches.
Findings and Conclusion: Findings of this paper indicated that human physical comfort in a space can not be predicted only by relying on physical factors that were usually used in comfort-related indicators.
Q. Dorosti, M. Maerefat, A. Omidvar,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
- The effect of panel height on performance of ceiling radiant cooling system has been studied. Investigation has been done by employing solution of conservative equations, together with the radiant and thermal comfort equations. Calculation is performed for the typical hottest day of Tehran. Vapour condensation is one of the most important problems whit these systems. Therefore effect of panel height on condensation has been also studied, in a residential place with several different ranges of ventilation rate. The results show that appropriate design of the panel height can significantly reduce the rate of condensation.
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
For this purpose, field study and data recording in two parts, and different environmental situation in one micro climate.
Material and method: crowded places were studied to 18 days from the first day of shahrivar to 18th of shahrivar; two categories were created: the first Baghe fin open spaces and the second historical textures open spaces. After finishing library studies, physical presence in the texture and conducting field study (observation, and data collection of site) simultaneously the responses of 788 of inhabitants and tourists to the questionnaires (environmental and thermal situations), climate parameters (temperature, air flow speed, moisture, co, co2) were recorded. Then the dress rate and the metabolism of people was computed with delta log10 software, and after collecting and analyzing the data with spss24 software, thermal comfort of respondents based on UTCI was determined by Ray Man software.
Findings: The finding shows that the respondents in the whole surrounding of the study experienced thermal comfort between 20,23 and 35,61 centigrade degree. Also thermal comfort scope in Baghe fin between 19,45 to 37,63 and in historical texture between 18,5 to 35,16 centigrade.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the scope of thermal comfort in Baghe fin is higher the that of Kashan historical texture about 1,52 centigrade.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (11-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Thermal comfort is one of the main factors for the participation of people in open urban spaces. This article focuses on the planting system in Jahan Nama Garden in Shiraz. The paper seeks to achieve the goal of reaching thermal comfort, increasing the people participation and optimization the outdoor thermal comfort in Jahan Nama garden.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of qualitative methodology. It used quantitative measurement in which the Jahan Nama garden has been simulated with ENVI-met 4. By selecting eight points in Jahan Nama Garden of Shiraz, climatic variables have been analyzed at 9, 12 and 17 o'clock on the 1st of July as the hottest day of the year. By comparing these points with the thermal comfort index PET they are analyzed.
Findings: Checking the plant simulation models (trees type and canopy and their number) in their place have improved the open space thermal comfort conditions, and by passing through the garden space, the environmental conditions return to the previous state and the average rate of radiant temperature has the greatest effect on thermal comfort, which will be presented in form of bar and line diagrams.
Conclusion: In planting system, increasing the number of trees has a greater effect on the thermal comfort in garden space. It is to boost the participation rate and the reduction of thermal stress in the hot seasons. The height and the form trees have direct effect on the thermal comfort.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (11-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Based on the thermal adaptation concept, an individual adaptation at physiological, psychological, and behavioral levels can be effective in providing residential thermal comfort, consuming energy, and designing building. The present study was, therefore, aimed to investigate the thermal adaptation in residential apartments of Shiraz, Iran by determining thermal comfort range, priority of thermal behavior, and causes of thermal dissatisfaction of the residents.
Methods: The quantitative research method was performed by using the survey of thermal comfort, behavioral priority, and thermal dissatisfaction factors. The correlation between the variables was then, analyzed. Thermal adaptation was further investigated through analytical and inferential methods.
Results:While thermal comfort range was found to be higher than the international standards, 45% of the respondent's dissatisfaction was reported to be due to the lack of proper climatic design. Both clothes change and cooling system use as the first, and opening the windows as the second priorities of thermal behavior in hot season. Drawing curtains, closing doors and windows, and clothes change, however, were the respective priorities in winter, which vindicates the priority of using passive approaches in cold season. The effect of season on both behavior and reactive behavior were further investigated.
Conclusion:The higher thermal comfort range and neutral temperature found in comparison to those reported in standards, as well as the study of either reactive or interactive behaviors and seasonal habits of residents vindicated the individuals' thermal adaptation. Using aforementioned items in building design has significant effects on improving thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption.
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2022)
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different planting plans, especially trees with varying characteristics of branch and leaf structure, height, canopy diameter, and density, leaf shape, and size, and compare the cooling effect under similar conditions to a suitable planting plan for maximum productivity.
Methods: The data collection method in this field and library research and the analysis method used are simulations, and the findings and comparison of results are quantitative and qualitative. Vegetation information of the site in the first stage is harvested, and the current situation is simulated, and its impact is determined. Then two new planting plans with the same amount of greenery in the current situation are designed and manufactured in the environment, and the results are compared.
Findings: The simulation results show that group planting mode is completely similar conditions in terms of plant species and the number of trees 0.85 ° C reduces the average air temperature compared to the linear planting mode and the biggest difference is in the average radiant temperature, which is more than 3 (3.18) ° C There is a temperature difference between group planting mode compared to linear planting mode and group planting mode has a lower average radiant temperature.
Conclusion: This study revealed the effect of the group planting plan factor, despite creating a full shade of trees and reducing the shading area of trees, improved the PMV thermal comfort index and improved environmental variables.
Volume 12, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Indoor comfort is affected not only by dwellings architecture, but also by physiological adaptation and behavioral settings. Since the human behavior plays an important role in their thermal balance with the environment, the subject of this research is adaptive behaviors of the occupants due to environmental, architectural, and individual-demographic variables and the role of factors affecting the occupant thermal satisfaction.This research aimed at investigating the thermal adaptation of residential dwellings occupants of Rasht in winter to save energy.
Methods: The research is an applied type, collection of required data is an in-situ method and the main question is,"Which behavioral patterns of villa and apartment dwellings occupants affect thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption in cold periods of the year?"The required data gathered through questionnaires and field surveys, and data analysis based on bivariate, multivariate regression models.
Findings: According to ASHRAE (±1), the occupants in comfort zone were 88.8% and 84.3% for villa and apartment units. The adaptability of villa house occupants is -4.9 and +1.9, and apartment unit occupants -2.1 and 0.8 C from the lower and upper limits of the comfort standard range (21-25). Occupants used many adaptive behaviors, indicating the priority of using passive solutions over active solutions to achieve thermal comfort.
Conclusion: The results of the multiple regression model showed that environmental factors in villa houses and individual-demographic in apartments have the greatest effect on thermal comfort.The research results can be useful in designing more suitable and flexible residential spaces, leading to an energy consumption reduction.
Volume 12, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Aims: The spread of the COVID-19 threatens the citizens health, especially the elderly, in community spaces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the presence of vulnerable groups such as the elderly in community spaces, with the aim of providing lessons in order to be prepared for the post-Corona architecture and healthy environment.
Methods: The research method is "meta-analysis" of the documents and scientific reports development regarding the impacts of pandemic on architecture and planning. The research which was carried out with a comprehensive method and a designerly approach. The theoretical framework of the research is a synthesis of the highperformance architecture theory and theory of healthy environment. The methodology analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of urban community spaces in critical paradigm.
Findings: Studies show that after the spread of Corona virus and pandemic of COVID-19, the presence of the elderly and other vulnerable groups in urban spaces became less than before. As a result, urban spaces have moved towards polarization, which endangered the value and the quality urban spaces.
Conclusion: The outcomes of the study show that collective open spaces should be planned and designed based on an integrated approach to theories such as "healthy environment" and "healthy city" in order to allow the presence of vulnerable groups, especially the elderly in order to increase the quality of the urban environment. The performance-based design should span from visual-thermal comfort to pollution dispersion and healthy corridor design.