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Cubism, which revolutionized the visual arts during the first decades of the twentieth century, had a significant impact on literature. It is often considered to be the twentieth century’s mode of expression. This article examines the influences of the cubist style on Hajm poetry – an avant-garde movement in contemporary Persian poetry which is mainly associated with Yadollah Royaei’s works. The main question of the article is how it is possible to apply the visual aesthetic principles and techniques to literature. The article is divided into three main sections. In each section, one of the common fundamental concepts between these two movements is introduced. These concepts are as follows: (1) the essence of the thing and the representation of reality; (2) three-dimensional image and the movement of the image; (3) and the concentration on the process of the creation of literary work through focusing on the materiality of artistic medium. These concepts are concretized by using some devices which create an effect similar to the cubist visual techniques, the consequence of which is to challenge the concept of representation in art and literature.

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Wisdom is a complex concept for which an accepted definition has not been presented yet. However, experts generally agree that wisdom consists of knowledge, insight, reflection, and the combination of an individual’s interests and others’ welfare. Due to the mysterious nature of wisdom, it has been the focus of research in different times, places and cultures. Since wisdom has a close relation with culture, and no clear definition of wisdom is available in Iranian culture, the present study analyzed and discussed wisdom and wisdom features in Shahnameh through the comparative study of characteristics of wisdom behavior in Zal based on Ardedt’s three-dimensional model. The population of this qualitative study included Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Through purposive sampling, Zal was selected for further analysis. Shahnameh’s content was analyzed through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Findings showed that wisdom features include religiosity and ethics, thinking/ awareness, perception of facts and lack of subjectivism and projection, empathy / affection and support/ service, communication and acquisition of cultural experiences and values. Furthermore, results showed that it is possible to express wisdom in five different dimensions, including spiritual, cognitive, reflective, emotional, social and cultural dimensions.

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The essay "Discourse Analysis of Imposed War Memories; case study of Da Memory" by Mohammad Reza Javadi Yeganeh and Seyyed Mohammad Ali Sohofi has had the potential for becoming a good and acceptable essay because it adopts a new approach to a controversial text that has bot been analyzed from such viewpoints yet. However, this potential has not been realized. As it is mentioned in the "Introduction" of the essay, the primary objective of the researchers has been to examine the discourse of Da based on Norman Fairclough's model of critical discourse analysis and with regard to the way gender roles are represented in this text. Nevertheless, and this is the weak point of the essay, the authors do not fulfill what they promise at the beginning of their writing, and the result is not "critical discourse analysis" but a simple analysis that at best appears silimilar to Feminist or gender criticism.

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In this paper, numerical 3D simulation of viscoelastic developing flow in a rectangular duct with the nonlinear constitutive equation was considered. So far, researchers have focused on the fully developed zone. In these cases, the effects of entrance region of flow and changes in important quantities of developing flow were neglected. Therefore three-dimensional modeling of the entrance region is an innovation of this work. For modeling the stress term,PTT constitutive equation which is one of the most perfect models was used. It should be noted that, the Oldroyd conditions was ingratiated and secondary flow has been simulated. Considering three-dimensionality of the solution domain as well as the dependency and nonlinearity of equations, artificial compressibility explicit method and staggered grid for solving the equations is purposed. The result is in good agreement with the others reported in the fully developed region.

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Ideology can increase the rivalry or socio-political clashes between political powers within a society. People, political parties and organizations set their policies following a dominant ideology. News agencies are among the highly influential organizations which can affect ideological and political thinking. News agencies, by means of translation, try to direct people’s way of thinking toward a special direction. Therefore, the role of translation in highlighting political rivalry among parties is undeniable. Meanwhile, translators’ word choice can reflect the differences between the Reformists and the Conservatives. The aim of the current study is to examine the representation of ideological foregrounding in journalistic translators’ word choice. The corpus includes 200 journalistic sentences collected from foreign news websites. Then collected data were analyzed based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The results showed that the conflicts between two main parties are reflected in translators’ word choice. The phenomenon can potentially increase clashes and tensions in a society and challenge social stability.
 
 
 Human life and affairs are not just limited to a particular country or region. Today, everything that happens in a corner of the world can easily affect people’s lives in other countries. Consequently, people want to know what happened in other parts of the world. Therefore, a wide range of communication tools has been developed in recent decades. News media is one of the most important communication tools that has greatly affected human life in the contemporary era. But news media is not just for communication. It is a proper tool to advance the ideological goals of organizations, institutions, and even political parties. Therefore, one of the important elements that should be considered in the news media is ideology. News media also needs some efficient tools to advance its ideological goals. Translation is an effective tool that can be very helpful and supportive for media to put forward society in a predefined path. News agencies, using translation, can direct people’s way of thinking toward a special direction. Therefore, the role of translation in highlighting political rivalry among parties is undeniable. Meanwhile, translators’ word choice can reflect the differences between the Reformists and the Conservatives.
The current research aims to investigate the representation of ideological foregrounding in journalistic translators’ word choice through critical discourse analysis. To achieve this goal, a corpus of 200 journalistic sentences collected from foreign news agency’s websites. As the political rivalry between Iranian Conservative and Reformist parties was to be examined, the Persian translation of this news was also collected. Then collected data were analyzed based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The main question of the present study was to what extent the ideology of the news translator had been reflected in his/her choice of words and to what extent this plays a role in increasing the political confrontation of the parties. Since only translators' word choice is considered, only those parts of Fairclough’s model have been selected that were suitable for lexical analysis. The main hypothesis of the research was that the translator’s word choice could play a key role in ideological clashes between parties.
After analyzing collected data, the results revealed that the conflicts between the two main parties are reflected in translators’ word choice. This can potentially result in clashes and tensions in society and challenge social stability. In addition, it was found that news translating is one of the most challenging translations that is associated with applying the ideologies of political parties, organizations and groups. Furthermore, it became clear that the mode of translation can affect the way of thinking of the society in different situations.
 

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In this paper, the forward kinematic of the special cases of 4- R" R' R' R" R", 4- R" R" R" R' R' and 4- R" R" R' R' R" parallel mechanisms that respectively lead to two 4- R R U R with different geometric structures and one 4- R U U spatial 4-DOF parallel robots has been studied. They are originated from the type synthesis of 4-DOF parallel mechanisms with motion patterns of 3 T1R. Each of them is composed of four kinematic chains and each chain consists of five revolute joints. The directions of revolute joints have been different with each others that create three different geometrical structures. The forward kinematic problem is done in three dimensional Euclidean space and finally, a univariate mathematical expression of degree 344, 462 and 8 is indicated the forward kinematic problem of each parallel robot. Also, the results are compared with simulations.

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In this paper, an approximate solution using layer-wise theory for the vibration analysis of rotating laminated cylindrical shells with ring and stringer stiffeners under axial load and pressure is presented. The cylindrical shells are stiffened with uniform interval and it is assumed that the stiffeners have the same material and geometric properties and cylindrical shell reinforced by outer stiffeners while stiffeners are treated as discrete elements. The equations of motion are derived by the Hamilton’s principle. In deriving the governing equations three-dimensional elasticity theory are used and the study includes the effects of the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations and the initial hoop tension. The layer-wise theory is used to discretize the equations of motion and the related boundary conditions through the thickness of the shells. The edges of the shell are restrained by simply supported boundary conditions. The presented results are compared with those available in the literature and also with the FE results and excellent agreement is observed. Finally, the results obtained include the relationship between frequency characteristics of stiffened cylindrical shell and different geometry of stiffeners, stiffener type, rotating velocities, amplitude of pressure and amplitude of axial load.

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Layout design of a complex system such as a satellite or an airplane is a difficult problem to solve. This problem is known as an NP-complete problem in terms of computational complexity. The main difficulties encountered in the layout design problem are formulation of the problem in mathematics and the solution strategy and practical approaches in engineering. This paper reviews the research work of the authors to automatic layout design process in satellite in last 10 years and the methods of layout design of satellite divides to three main categories that consist of practical method, human-computer interaction and three dimensional layout design and then studies methods of the current state of the art of 3D layout design

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High temperatures and different properties of entering gas into the turbine of a gas turbine cycle can decrease its performance. Considering the complexity of the flow distribution inside the turbine, three-dimensional analysis to find out the flow and temperature field in the turbine stages is very important. As time passing the increasing of the roughness of blades is unavoidable. The aim of this paper is investigation of the blades roughness effects on flow field and efficiency of gas turbine with numerical calculations. In this research, a two-stage turbine is modeled in the form of three-dimensional and the results are validated with experimental data. Then the effects of blades roughness on flow field and performance of turbine in five pressure ratios is investigated. Also, in order to determine the role of stators and rotors in decreasing the turbine efficiency, in a special roughness, the first and second stators and then corresponding rotors have separately been examined and then this phenomenon affected on blades simultaneously. Results showed that the efficiency drop by applying all together on the turbine stage is approximately equal to summation of efficiency drops by applying separately.

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Inverse design is one of the design methods of aerodynamic ducts such as S-duct intakes. In these problems, the geometry of the duct is unknown but the pressure distributions along the walls are given. In this paper, a new inverse design method called “flexible string method” is introduced. In this method, the duct walls are modified from initial guess to final shape based on the flexible string movement algorithm according to pressure distribution. In 3D design, the duct design process starts with a 2D one. At first step, a 2D Jet-Engine S-shaped air intake considering flight mach number is designed using the inverse design method based on an Euler flow solver (with no considering the jet nose engine effects). At the second step with considering duct sections like circle, ellipse and bean the 2D duct is modified to obtain the 3D duct. Finally, it is validated by analyzing the duct flow in 3D turbulent regime. The numerical studies show in spite of severe height change with respect to duct length, there is no separation in the duct and the uniformity of flow at the duct exit is completely satisfactory.

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With respect to special conditions apply to the gas turbine, its blades are affected by many different factors such as, hot corrosion, oxidation, wear, impact of external particles, and etc. and are destroyed. Due to the reduction of their working life time, the turbine efficiency reduces and ultimately the heavy costs of periodic repairs are needed, and also new replacements of their blades are unavoidable. The aim of this study is investigation of the effects of corrosion and blade damage on flow field and gas turbine performance, by numerical simulation. In this research, a two stage turbine is modeled in the form of three dimensional and the results are validated with experimental data. To analyze of the behavior of entire flow, conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations are solved. The numerical simulation of the turbine is done with ANSYS CFX software. Then the increased rotors tip clearance effects with decreasing thickness due to corrosion in both nozzles and blade leading edge and trailing edge were separately studied on turbine flow field and its performance in five actual different pressure ratios. The results showed that the most important factor in reducing the efficiency of gas turbine is due to rotor tip clearance increasing. Also corrosion of the blade edge respect to the trailing edge damage is a little more affected on reducing efficiency and increasing loss coefficients.

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Conventional Ritz and Galerkin methods based on local theory of elasticity employ polynomials as their approximating functions, however these methods are not convenient to use in three-dimensional nonlocal analysis. In the present study, to conquer this difficulty, a type of weighted residual approach with a set of trigonometric approximating functions were developed. By using appropriate trigonometric approximating functions, it is possible to consider the effect of various edges boundary condition on frequency behavior of nanoplate. Validation of present formulation is carried out by comparing numerical result with the published results. It is concluded that the effect of nonlocal parameter on natural frequencies is significant especially in higher modes due to the lower wavelength of the mode. The research shows that in nonlocal elasticity there are distinct discrepancies between behaviors of two and three-dimensional results. In addition, the difference between the two- and three-dimensional results in local elasticity is not as noticeable as in nonlocal elasticity. Furthermore, the effects of length to thickness ratio, aspect ratio, nonlocal parameter and different boundary conditions on fundamental natural frequency of nanoplates were studied. This benchmark solution can be used to assess the accuracy of conventional two-dimensional theories.

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In this paper, sound transmission loss through double-walled orthotropic cylindrical shells based on three-dimensional elasticity theory is investigated. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the acoustic wave incidence under two different angels on sound transmission loss through the shell. The present model is a double-walled orthotropic cylindrical shell immersed in a fluid with an infinite length, whereas the acoustic plane incident waves impinge upon the shell with two different angels of θ and δ. The state space method is used to investigate the laminate approximated model along with transfer matrix approach for modeling both walls of cylindrical shell. In order to consider the two different angles of θ and δ, the corresponding wave equations have been modified according to the wave numbers. Comparing the results obtained from presents study with those of other researchers shows an excellent agreement between the results. Moreover, the effects of different parameters on sound transmission loss through the shell have been evaluated. The results show an enhancement of sound transmission loss in double-walled cylindrical shells rather than single-walled cylindrical shells particularly in high frequency range. Also, the results indicate the dependency of sound transmission loss on both of two θ and δ angels. In other word, the variety of two incident angles may cause the significant variations in sound transmission loss.

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The three dimensional panels are one of the modern building systems which can be placed in the category of industrial buildings. It has always been tried to conduct many studies for identifying the behavior and upgrading the capacity of panels due to their earthquake resistance and high speed performance.
In this regard, in this research a comparative study of structural components behavior of the upgraded three-dimensional panels under lateral load in independent and system mode, is investigated. At the same time it is tried to study the effect of strengthening the three dimensional panels and system mode (independent wall, L-shaped and BOX-shaped walls) on the three-dimensional panels. In order to verify, the results of panel were compared with dimensions of 120 × 120 with laboratory results of Kabir and Jahanpour and the results indicate the validity of the model. In the following, twenty-four models with dimensions close to reality (360 × 360〖cm〗^2), are built with Abaqus software. Overall, six independent wall model, L-shaped, roofed L-shaped, BOX-shaped walls with symmetric loading, BOX -shaped wall with asymmetrical loading and roofed BOX-shaped wall were built. Then the models are strengthened without strengthened reinforcement and with strengthened reinforcements ( 10) with an angle of 30, 45 and 60 degrees. The applied lateral loading, is exerted by changing the location on the end wall. After applying the loading, the pushover curve is plotted from which the maximum lateral load bearing capacity, the absorbed energy are obtained. It is warth mentioning for drawing the push over curve the target displacement is determind by ATC 24 guideline. And also for drawing the histories careature ATC40 guidline is used.
The evaluation of results showed that the lateral load bearing capacity of L-shaped wall without strengthened reinforcement is not more than independent wall, but also it will be less. But by adding roof to the structure, the load bearing capacity will be increased due to reducing twisting effect. If strengthening the wall occurs, in roofed and without roofed modes, the capacity will be increased about 50 and 100 %. In BOX-shaped wall, in symmetric and asymmetric loading, the load bearing capacity will be increased about 200 and 50 % respectively. Now, if strengthened, the load bearing capacity in symmetric and asymmetric loading will be increased 3.5 and 2 times respectively. The effective angle of placement of strengthened reinforcement in the independent wall is 45 and 60 degrees. But in BOX-shaped and L-shaped walls, the use of strengthened reinforcement 45 degrees is recommended. In the L-shaped wall alone (not the entire system), the capacity will be increased 21 % and by adding roof, the load bearing capacity will be approximately two times. This mode in the BOX-shaped wall with symmetrical loading will be 63 %. By generally comparing the histories cerratures it is resulted that the L-shaped wall wich has the torsion originated from loading, has a lower energy dissipation in comparison with the models. And also if the exsting story loads to the integrated performance of the walls, it can.

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In the present research, the performance of a Tesla microvalve has been studied under the unsteady three dimensional flow. The time averaged of diodicity is the main criteria for the evaluation of the performance of the valve. By simulation and obtaining the velocity and pressure fields within microvalve, changes in operating parameters of valve including total pressure drop and diodicity parameter in the range of various frequencies studied under sinusoidal excitation. The results showed that the amount of diodicity in steady three dimensional with consideration of third dimension is lower with respect to steady two dimensional flow at entire of studied range of Reynolds numbers. Transient effects on microvalve performance in three dimensional is also studied. It is observed that total pressure drop of unsteady case is greater than steady case at both of forward and backward directions. This important result is in a qualitative agreement with simulation results of other researchers which are obtained by two dimensional simulations. Investigation of effect of applied frequency on Tesla microvalve performance at different Reynolds number is another part of this study. The results showed that at the frequencies lower than 100Hz, the performance of the Tesla microvalve is independent of the frequency, however at higher frequencies greater than 100HZ, its performance is improved by increasing the frequency. Microvalve performance is improved and diodicity is increased by increasing of Reynolds number at all frequencies.

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Due to the depletion of shallow water resources, the development of exploration and production has shifted towards the deep and ultra-deep water region. The types of floating platforms are all need to be moored when they are working as production platforms. Applying buoys to the catenary mooring system in deep water may reduce part of the weight and radius of a mooring. In this article, Dynamic responses of the Amirkabir semi-submersible platform was obtained under the combination of wind and wave loads in frequency domain and time domain simulation calculated. The JONSWAP wave spectrum and API wind spectrum are considered as environmental conditions .and also the effects of buoy size on the semisubmersible motion response is investigated. Dynamic responses of the semi-submersible platform determine by using the Morison equation and diffracting theory in AQWA ANSYS software and each dynamic mooring line is modeled as a chain of Morison-type elements subjected to various external forces. The obtained result from AQWA ANSYS in time and frequency domain shows that increasing buoy size, could increase motions of the semisubmersible platform but instead could decreasing the mooring line tension.

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ٍExperimental studies indicates that the mechanical behavior of materials at micro and nano scales are size-dependent. Since the classical continuum mechanics theories cannot capture the size effect, employment of different non-classical theories has received a considerable attention among researchers. In this study, the finite element formulation is presented to investigate the bending of square microplates with circular hole subjected to uniform pressure based on the three-dimensional strain gradient elasticity theory. For this account, the 8-node C^1 continuous hexahedral element is introduced in which, in addition to the values of displacement components, some related higher-order mix derivatives are further considered as nodal values. The governing equations are derived based on the strain gradient theory and three-dimensional elasticity model and the finite element formulation is presented using the introduced element. Note that by considering some specified values for coefficients of strain gradient theory, the numerical results can be obtained for modified strain gradient theory and modified couple stress theory. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed finite element, the convergence and accuracy of the results are firstly checked and then the impacts of geometrical parameters on the bending of microplates with circular hole are studied.

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The present paper focused on experimental and analytical study for evaluating the behavior of three-dimensional welded steel moment connection of I beam to box column under constant axial load on the column, cyclic loading in one direction and constant gravity load on the other orthogonal direction of the connection. Box columns are suitable sections for bearing loads on buildings because they have the same geometrical properties in two directions due to the symmetry around the two orthogonal axes and on the other hand they facilitate the joining of the orthogonal beams. However, due to the lack of easy access to the inside of the box sections and the need to use continuity plates or stiffeners that can perform the duty of continuity plates, the relevant solutions under different conditions and proper understanding of the behavior of connection components are still under investigation. In this research, first four specimens, including two internal and two external three-dimensional joints, are made and tested. The internal specimens consist of a cold-formed steel box column (HSS) and connected beams from four sides with the external diaphragm, and the other one with a built-up steel column and inner diaphragm. The external specimens are also the same as the internal samples include two types of inner and two types of the outer diaphragm. In all joints with the outer diaphragm, the steel cover plate connected to the column as a collar by groove welding and the web of beams by fillet welding. Then after, based on the experimental results, analytical finite element models are developed using ABAQUS software and the effect of three parameters such as the axial load of the column, the column steel plate thickness, and the thickness of cover plates on the behavior of internal joints with external diaphragm are studied analytically. Generally, experimental results of all specimens showed that the seismic behavior of samples with the external diaphragm is more close to the other one with the inner diaphragm and the failure mode followed by occurring plastic hinge in the beam precisely at the end of cover plate. However, there is a little bit different due to the experience of smaller strains than the yield limit of the panel zone in the internal joint specimen with the outer diaphragm compared to the inner diaphragm. The results extracted from the nonlinear analysis also illustrated suitable accuracy with the experimental results. Each of the parameters mentioned above could change the failure mode and ductility of the connection system‏. In other words, increasing the ratio of the axial load to the nominal capacity of the column to the value of 0.42, the failure mode transfers from beam to the column despite the growing of ratio of energy dissipation. Meanwhile, for the column bearing load ratio more than 0.58, global buckling of the column and brittle failure will happen. Moreover, by decreasing the plate thickness of the column less than 15 mm, the failure mode transfers from beam to column and the energy dissipation of the specimens reduces. Also, for cover plates, less than 20 mm thick, the mode of failure will take place in the column. However, if higher strength is used for both cover plates and plate thickness of the column, the lower thickness of the cover plate will be required in order to create the failure mechanism in the beam.