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Rural handwoven carpet weavers, particularly in the context of handmade silk carpet production, grapple with significant challenges concerning recognizing all stakeholders and establishing timely connections. These challenges have a substantial impact on the adoption of innovation in carpet production and the overall enhancement of productivity. This research was conducted to scrutinize the communication network of carpet weavers within the Knowledge and Innovation System (KIS) of handmade silk carpet production in rural areas. Data were gathered through interviews with 270 rural households in Zanjan province, specifically in the Tarom, Khodabandeh, and Zanjan counties, utilizing a structured questionnaire. Social Network Analysis (SNA) in UCINET was employed to examine the interactions among these actors, and graphical representations were created using Net Draw. The results revealed that the network's density varied across different levels, showing weakness in some cases, moderate strength in others, and strong connections in select instances. The connections of carpet weaving families with other actors within the KIS were predominantly localized. Among these families, those utilizing the home-based wage production method exhibited the most extensive interactions. The individuals designated as "FMs" (likely referring to family members) and "WNVKRs" (possibly local experts) demonstrated the highest degree of connection and influence within the network of weavers' interactions
 

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Handover is the process of maintaining the active sessions of a mobile terminal as it changes its point of attachment to the access network. To reduce the Handover latency in the MIPv6, fast Handovers for the MIPv6 (FMIPv6) has been proposed in the IETF, But not acceptable in FMIPv6 Handover delays led to efforts to improve this method and therefore the existence of multiple Handover methods in the literature. In order to select the appropriate method، in this paper, existing methods have been classified and then performance metrics are identified. Then Categories importance in calculating Handover performance metrics is investigated. Call blocking probability, Handover blocking probability, Probability of an unnecessary handover ,Duration of interruption and delay ,as the most important Handover algorithm performance metrics are introduced. Continue using the AHP algorithm in example topology, according to the selected sound aplication, weight is given to the metrics and using Topsis methods appropriate Handover algorithm has been specified.

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One of the most important predator-prey interactions is functional response which its type and parameters are affected by different factors including host plant characteristics. In this research, the influence of leaf surface on functional response and prey consumption rate of third instar larvae of the Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776) (Diptera: Syrphidae) to third instar nymphs of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were studied on sweet pepper and cucumber leaves. The results demonstrated that leaf surface of host plants; different prey densities and their interaction had significant effects on the numbers of prey killed by a predator. Logistic regression indicated type Ш functional response on both host plant leaves. The values of b constant were 0.00231 and 0.00351h^-1 while handling time (T_h) estimates were 0.14 h and 0.095 h on cucumber and sweet pepper leaves respectively. Moreover, plant leaves and different prey densities had significant effect on the prey consumption rate and voracity of predator. The maximum voracity values reached were 180.73 ± 7.71 and 282.25 ± 11.71 nymphs on cucumber and sweet pepper leaves respectively. These results emphasize on the importance of physical traits of host plant surface on the performance and searching efficiency of natural enemies that should be considered for optimizing their application in aphid biological control.  

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The effects of stress on body cortisol and reproductive performance of guppy, Poeciliar eticulata, was evaluated on  90 immature female fish (0.29 ± 0.03g body weight). The experiment, carried for 30 days in three replications, included: the control (without any manipulation), handling stress (daily holding in a net for 2 minutes) and feeding with the cortisol-treated diet (500 mg per kg food). After this period, reproduction was induced by adding male fish to the remaining females in each tank. No significant difference was observed in growth rate among the treatments (p=0.001). The mortality rate and body cortisol content in both handling and cortisol-fed treatments were significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0.000). The minimum and maximum number of embryos was observed in the control and cortisol-fed  groups, respectively. Our results indicated that such manipulations have negative effects on survival and reproductive efficiency and change whole-body cortisol content. Therefore, the measurement of whole-body cortisol content could be a suitable criterion for determining physiological condition in small laboratory fishes.

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In this paper, we used a shape matching algorithm to recognize Farsi digits. For each sampled point on the contour of a shape, we obtain a descriptor showing the distribution of the other points of the contour, with respect to this point. Based on these descriptors, we find the corresponding points of the two contours and take the sum of their distances as a dissimilarity measure between two shapes. Then we define a geometric transformation that maps the sampled points of the one shape to the corresponding points of the other shape. The bending energy of this transform is taken as the second dissimilarity measure between two shapes. We optimized the parameters of the matching algorithm for the recognition of Farsi digits and used the method of minimum distance from the class prototypes for the recognition. In a test on a set of 1288 digits, we obtained a recognition rate of 89.9%. This result was obtained without any post processing

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The notion of “the priority of writing over speech” goes back to post renaissance era of Europe and it became the dominant feature of western culture in 20^th century with Derrida’s deconstruction of the binary opposition of speech/writing. In the Islamic culture, Quran, the original source of the Islamic civilization, can be regarded as a turning point in the transformation of the oral culture into the written culture. In other words, it was the means of passage from the fundamental speech to the Originary writing. Needless to say, in some areas the fundamental speech remained dominant and few people overtly discussed the superiority of prose over verse. Sobh ol-a’sha fi sana’t el ensha is an exception. After briefly introducing the author and his work, we will examine his notion of the priority of the prose over the verse and its implications.

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Aims: Due to the high consumption of Pickhandle Barracuda, it is necessary to prepare its amino acid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the proximate composition and amino acid profile of Pickhandle Barracuda and Yellowtail Barracuda fillet in autumn and spring.
Materials & Methods: The present experimental study was carried out on Pickhandle Barracuda and Yellowtail Barracuda in autumn and spring. The fish were equivalently divided in 2 groups of male and female in 3 clusters, each containing 7 fish. The total amino acid composition was performed by liquid chromatography. The data were analyzed by GRAPHPAD-PRISM 5 software, using unpaired T test.
Findings: In two species, moisture in autumn was higher than spring, but, compared to autumn, the amount of fat, protein, and total ash had a significant difference in spring. In spring, the essential/nonessential (E/NE) amino acid ratio and aromatic amino acids did not have any significant differences in two species, but other measures had significant differences. In autumn, the E/NE ratio and acidic amino acids did not have any significant differences. Chemical indices were more than 1 based on the needs of the adult human. In two species, Leucine showed depletion in the range of 2 to 5 years in autumn and spring.
Conclusion: Both species have a higher moisture in autumn, but the amount of fat, protein, and total ash in spring is higher than autumn. The most common amino acids in both seasons are Glutamic acid and Aspartic acid. Regarding the essential amino acids, there is no depletion in adult human necessity in two species in two seasons. Based on the needs of children aged 2 to 5 years, Leucine has depletion in both species.

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Subh al-A'sha, written by Ahmad al-Qalqashandi 9 century (H.), elaborating official letter writing styles in Mamluk period is a valuable source for historical politeness studies. Based on Leech's politeness maxims and Beeman's approach to politeness, this paper tries to unravel the politeness strategies in official letters of the Mamluks, which depend heavily on power relations. The results show that strategies adopted in these letters are in line with Beeman's "self-lowering" and "other-raising" elements. They also confirm Leech's maxim 3 and 4, out of his six maxims, whereby individuals do their best to praise the other party during the communication. Thus, strategies applied in these letters include "exclusion," "raising the addressee," and "praising the addressee." Using a religious discourse, whose lack would be offensive, is another feature of Mamluk official letters. Finally, social discourse was also adopted in these letters through which the writer acquired his dependent / independent identity.   

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Abstract
Aims: For the purpose of marketability and consumer preferences, two types of hand moisturizing products (Alginate gel and Fucoidan cream) produced from Sargassum algae, this study was conducted. then evaluated with a common commercial sample as a control.
Methods: Gel and two cream samples were prepared in 3 jars of 10 g to evaluate 30 individuals as panel members. Evaluation was performed using one product per week and with a one-week break between sessions. The designed questionnaire consisted of sociological questions and 12 characteristics of the products that were rated with 3 points of preference The Friedman test was used to analyze the ratings and the scoring method was used to identify the final product.
Results: Two characteristics of produced cream and gel (moisturizing and shelf life) at a significant level. The gel had the highest moisturizing capacity and the cream had the highest shelf life. Consumers paid more attention to the nourishing and hydrating properties of the skin, being organic and soft in choosing the suitable moisturizer for their hands. They like moisturizing cream of 250 gr jar. Nutrition and hydrating, therapeutic effect and skin repair were also ranked as high priority. Ultimately, the Fucoidan moisturizing cream gained the highest preference in market.
Conclusion: The Fucoidan cream produced from Sargassum algae compared to alginate gel from this alga, as a moisturizer with suitable shelf-life and have other hand cream properties, can be an acceptable commercial product in the market.
 

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In some statements and literary terms of the Holy Quran, has been used body language to convey the message, such as "hand gestures". Proper translation is very important in translating these metalinguistic communications and requires extra attention on the part of the translator. Accordingly, due to the cultural similarities and extensive historical ties between the two languages, Persian and Arabic, it has been assumed that metalanguage concepts based on hand gestures have common Equivalents in Persian language. In the present study, the research method is descriptive-analytical and in it, the translation of literary terms and propositions based on hand language in the translation of Mousavi Garmaroodi and Khorramshahi has been studied with a comparative view to determine the commonalities of the two languages in this field and to explain the limits and dimensions of the strengths and weaknesses of translators in the use of cultural patterns and terms that reflect these patterns. The results show that most of the Quranic sentences and phrases based on hand movements and the resulting concepts have an equivalent in Persian culture and language, Regarding the performance of translators, it has been determined that due to this rich context in Persian, they have paid attention to body language Equivalents in their translation. In some instances, they have inevitably taken the literal method, and this is due to the difference in the cultural pattern of the two languages, and it is natural that one cannot expect the same and perfectly consistent spelling conditions.
 

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FAB (French – American- British) group determined a diagnostic classification for leukemia's. but in spite of some reports on different clinical findings and prognosis of HMC and LGL there is no place for Hand- Mirror Cell leukemia and LGL leukemia in this classification. On the other hand, there are different ideas about causes of Hand Mirror Cell and about different changes of large granlar lymphocyte in malignancies including leukemias. Therefore, We decided to evaluate HMC & LGL in leukemic patients in Sayed Al- Shohadda Hospital in Isfahan province. This study was performed on 595 cases of leukemia during 1993-1998. We studied stained peripheral blood and bone marrow aspiration smears of the leukemic patients at the time of diagnosis, in remission and relapse phase of disease. Contrary to our anticipation, the results showed no increase in frequency of leukemia during 1993-1998, but leukemia was more frequent among males than females (2/1). LGL percent was lower than normal in the majority of patients in peripheral blood at the time of diagnosis and relapse phase. LGL percent was normal or increased in 90% of the patients in the remission phase and was lower than normal in 10% of them. Also no case of LGL leukemia was recognized. HMC percent in peripheral blood was normal in 99% of the patients at the time of diagnosis but it was more than normal (20%) only in one patient (ALL-L2) and it was normal in peripheral blood in the majority of patients in remission phase. HMC percent in peripheral blood was normal in the majority of patients in relapse phase but more than normal in one patient with ALL-L2 (15%). HMC percent in the bone marrow was normal in 98% of the patients at the time of diagnosis but it was more than normal in seven patients. Also it was also normal in the bone marrow in the majority of patients during remission and at the time of diagnosis and it has increased in three patients during the relapse phase. In conclusion, a low percent of LGL at the time of diagnosis and during the relapse phase shows a probable insufficiency in the immune system and no case of LGL leukemia was recognized. Also, four cases of Hand- Mirror Variant Leukemia with lymphoid origin (mostly ALL-L2) were recognized which should be under more investigation in the future.

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Anthracnose disease caused by Ophiognomonia leptostyla, is the most important and widespread fungal disease on Juglans regia. Walnut disease symptomatic samples were collected from different provinces of Iran, during 2015–2016. Fungal isolates were identified based on ITS-rDNA sequence data. Variance analysis of colony growth rate (mm/day) and acervulus density on medium, was significant. Acervulus density on medium was strongly correlated with colony growth rate. The Max acervulus density was 60% and > 80% for Hamedan and Mazandaran isolates respectively. The virulence of six selected isolates was examined on cv. Chandler. Virulence indices including spot diameter, disease severity, spot area average and logistic infection rate except spot number index, could successfully detect significant differences among isolates. SA-SE1 isolate from Mazandaran showed significantly the most virulence indices: disease severity (%), spot area and logistic infection rate. For the other five isolates, four significant levels in all virulence indices were observed. In summary after this isolate, other isolates including TA-ZY21, LA-SY21, U94-SR1, HA-GH22 and MA-K1 were placed in the next steps of virulence ranking. There was insignificant correlation between colony growth rate and disease severity. However, the acervulus density and disease severity were significantly correlated implying the importance of acervular conidial inoculum in secondary disease cycle progress. Disease severity was strongly correlated with number of spots, spot diameter and logistic infection rate. Disease severity was also negatively correlated with Mid-time (time to progress 50%). Moreover, there was positive relationship between logistic infection rate and three traits: number of spots, spot diameter and spot area average. This study was the first of the disease virulence components on cv. Chandler in Iran.
 

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The Ligvan-chai basin is located on the north slope of Sahand mountain.The evolution of this basin is inseparable from the Sahand mountain transformation. Due to dominant of the perglacier and fluvial erosion systems, on the north slope of Sahand mountain, Mass movements, fluvial flows and flood are the morphogenic phenomena and the geomorphological hazards in the Ligvan-chai basin. These events threated the cities and rural settlements. They prevente to progress development programes. This study present the zonning of mass movements hazard on the Ligvan-chai .It try to mapping of the mass movemnts hazards and recognition of high hazard – low hazard regions, so that planners and managers lead to planning and accurate management of landuse.Therfore,it is possible the development of agricultural, settlements and industrial sections, in the area of faraway the geomorphological hazards. The zonning of mass movemnts hazard’s map draw by the digitaly topography maps (1: 250000 and 1:50000), geology and geomorphology maps,Remote sensing data,GIS(Arc/Inf and Arc/View). The variaibles are slope, distance of fault, distance of stream, distance of rurale, distance of route, precipitation, litology and landuse.Results indicated that , 36.11% of the study region is located on the medium zone–very high hazard,the point view of mass movements hazard.

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Stream erosion is one of important cause for the increase amount of sediment .Countless factors plays important role as a single or in set,when acts as erosion's factors on stream beds or on slopes and delivers materials in streamflow.Aggradation and degradation landforms and changing shape of longitudinal profiles of rivers at time,are evidences of these operation.The shape of longitudinal profiles gives important information about processes .By use of the regression analyses ,explained and interpreting of shape of longitudinal profiles and to compare many rivers with each other is possible.Evolution valleys defines rate of erosion at bed of rivers or basin.In this articles ,analyses erosion at longitudinal profiles of rivers concern to valleys and basin and area zonation with many type of erosion in study area .The results of this study show that,Garangoo basin settles in mature stage and medium erosionis prevail.

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To aim health risk assessment and determination of consumption rate limit of King soldier bream (Argyrops spinifer), Pickhandle Barracuda (Sphyraena jello), and Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipteru japonicus), 33 fish specimen was harvest from Jofre fishing area. After transport fish to the laboratory, was prepared and concentration of heavy metal iron, manganese, and cobalt was measured by Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry, (ICP-OES). The Concentration of heavy metal in the muscle of fish compared with international standards.  For health risk assessment Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and Total Target Hazard Quotients (TTHQ), for determination of consumption rate limit estimated daily intake (EDI) and estimated weekly intake (EWI), Consumption Rate Limit (CRlim) and Consumption Rate Limit meal month (CRmm) in two groups include adults and children were calculated.  The Results showed that manganese content in all three fish species (36.59 to 55.48 µgr/gr) more than the world health organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Also Cobalt content in Argyrops spinifer and Sphyraena jello (66.62 and 0.38 µgr/gr) more than WHO. According to THQ, TTHQ, EDI, and EWI, the Consumption of none of the three fish species had not health risk for the consumer. Additional to the highest CRlim in adults and children determinate as in Argyrops spinifer and Sphyraena jello was manganese, respectively (10.12 and 2.17 µgr/gr), (29.36 and 6.29 µgr/gr) and in Nemipteru japonicus (184.25 and 39.48 µgr/gr) Cobalt determinate.
 

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Aims: Dynamic cultural World Heritage Sites, as irreplaceable resources with tangible and intangible dimensions, have been shaped by a result of the processes of sociocultural production and experiences in the temporal and spatial context and are going through a series of changes over time. The main purpose of this research is assessing the state of conservation of dynamic cultural World Heritage Sites, which is one of the most fundamental issues in the World Heritage monitoring process.
Instrument & Methods: This study elaborates on applied-developed research methods, using an analytical descriptive method in two sections. The theoretical section is based on the logical reasoning method and technique of content analysis and logical inference; and the practical section is based on the survey method and analytic hierarchy process technique.
Findings: Achieving the effective assessment for the state of conservation of dynamic cultural World Heritage Site is based on two substantial criteria: 1) “securing and conveying cultural significance of the heritage site” with the sub-criteria of “integrity” and “authenticity”; 2) “heritage site experience” with the sub-criteria of “perception of cultural significance” and “experience of authenticity”.
Conclusion: The results show that the “sense of place attachment” indicator is the most important factor in assessing the state of conservation. And periodic use of this proposed model in the monitoring process provides a coherent platform for measuring the efficiency of the study heritage site management system. The developed framework might be used by Tehran Beautification Organization and Tehran Municipality in culturally-rich sites of Tehran.

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Aims: The present study aimed to identify the predictors of hand hygiene intention and behavior among nurses using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on nurses working in a public hospital in Tehran in 2016-2017. In total, 196 nurses were enrolled in this study and selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire guided by TPB. The validity of the questionnaire was measured using the opinions of 14 scholars and professors. The content validity ratio was measured based on the Lawshi method and the content validity index was measured based on Waltz and Basel method. The test-retest and internal consistency were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software 16.0 and statistical tests, including multiple regression analysis.
Findings: The attitude toward hand hygiene (p<0.001) and perceived subjective norms (p=0.012) were correlated with nurses’ intentions to hand hygiene. This set explained 56% of the variance in intention to hand hygiene. In addition, Perceived behavioral control was found as the strongest predictor of hand hygiene behavior (p<0.001), which together with subjective norms and intention could predict individuals’ behavior (R²=0.52).
Conclusion: The constructs of the TPB have predictability regarding hand hygiene behavior.

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A faunistic list of Syrphidae sampled in the agroecosystems of Neyshabur (Khorasan-Razavi Province) through Malaise, yellow water traps and hand net is hereby presented for the first time. A total of 22 species were collected, including 13 species through Malaise trap, 5 through yellow water trap as well as representatives of all species sampled through hand net. Among the species collected, 8 including phytophagous ones were exclusively sampled through hand net. In the case of Malaise trap the hover fly population was strongly dominated (73%) by 3 common species of: Sphaerophoria scripta, Episyrphus balteatus, and Eupeodes corollae while, in the yellow water trap, Episyrphus balteatus was the key species representing about 45% of all specimens. Shannon-Weiner index of biodiversity found out for Malaise trap (H= 1.86) was higher than that calculated for yellow water trap (H= 1.39). The relative efficiency of the three collection methods is discussed.