The cylinder head is one of the most important and complex parts of the engine that withstands thermal and mechanical loads. Thermomechanical stresses applied to the cylinder head can lead to fatigue damage. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of local plasticity on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life of the cylinder head. For this purpose, in the first step, thermo-mechanical analysis of the cylinder head was performed using ANSYS software to predict temperature and stress. Then, the effect of local plasticity on the low-cycle fatigue life was evaluated using the Neuber method using ANSYS nCode Design Life software. Constants of the Chaboche hardening model of the aluminum alloy were calculated using low-cycle fatigue tests at different temperatures. LCF tests were simulated by ANSYS software, showing a very good fit between the experimental and simulation results of LCF tests.The results of thermo-mechanical analysis showed that the maximum temperature and stress in the cylinder head were 212.8°C and 87.211 MPa, respectively. The minimum LCF life of the cylinder head with and without considering local plasticity was predicted to be 1486 and 3058 cycles, respectively. Based on the results of the low-cycle fatigue life, not considering the effect of local plasticity causes the LCF life of the cylinder head to be estimated significantly higher than the allowable limit. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effect of local plasticity in the analysis of the LCF life of the cylinder head.