The purpose of this paper is design, construction and the control of a two-wheel self-balancing robot. For this purpose firstly, a literature study is carried out on the history of manufactured self-balancing robots and the researches which have been done so far in this area are reported. In addition, the robot chassis with consideration of the size and material is analyzed; and the dynamic equations of the robot are computed according to the designed chassis. Then, the robot inertial parameters are measured through different experimental tests and these parameters are used in the equations. Also, the derived equations are simplified and the transfer functions are evaluated for considering the stability of the robot. In this self-balancing robot, the simplified Kalman and complementary filters are used for identifying of the bias angle from the vertical position by combination of data obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. The PID controller and the robot transfer functions are simulated in MATLAB software. Then, the controller gains are obtained for the stability of the constructed robot. These gains are computed by PID tuning toolbox of MATLAB software as well as theoretically, and the results in each method have been compared with each other. Finally, the robot control electronic circuit is designed for analyzing the results through AVR microcontroller, while angle identification sensor is used.