ارزیابی موردی اثرات تغییرات ترموفیزیکی بر روانکار گیربکس و موتور بالگرد

مهرابی, علی

doi:10.48311/mme.2026.115539.1000

ارزیابی موردی اثرات تغییرات ترموفیزیکی بر روانکار گیربکس و موتور بالگرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

علی مهرابی

گروه مهندسی هواگردها، دانشکده مهندسی و پرواز، دانشگاه افسری امام علی (ع)، تهران، ایران

10.48311/mme.2026.115539.1000

چکیده

در این پژوهش، تغییرات خواص ترموفیزیکی و رئولوژیکی روغن توربین آیروشل 500 در طول دوره کارکرد در دو پلتفرم بالگردی با شرایط عملیاتی متفاوت بررسی شده است. بالگرد تهاجمی بل 209 با تنش‌های حرارتی بالا و ناگهانی و بالگرد ترابری بل214 با شرایط تنش های مکانیکی بیشتر و پیوسته انتخاب شدند. نمونه برداری از موتور و گیربکس در یک دوره کارکردی انجام شد. آزمون‌های آزمایشگاهی شامل اندازه‌گیری ویسکوزیته، رسانایی حرارتی، ظرفیت گرمایی ویژه، چگالی ، محاسبه تغییرات ضریب نفوذ حرارتی و تحلیل رفتار رئولوژیکی بود. نتایج نشان داد که شدت تخریب روغن در موتور بیشتر از گیربکس است. در موتور بل209، ویسکوزیته تا 34% و در بل214 تا 25% افزایش یافت که این امر منجر به افزایش متناظر تلفات اصطکاکی شد. رسانایی حرارتی در موتور بل209 تا 23.7% و در بل214 تا 18.9% کاهش یافت که نشان‌دهنده کاهش توانایی خنک‌کاری روغن است. ظرفیت گرمایی ویژه در هر دو پلتفرم کاهش و چگالی افزایش یافت که به تغییرات ساختاری ناشی از پیری حرارتی و اکسیداسیون نسبت داده می‌شود. تحلیل رفتار رئولوژیکی نشان داد که روغن در گیربکس هر دو پلتفرم رفتار نیوتنی دارد اما در موتور بل209 پس از 100 ساعت و در بل214 پس از 150 ساعت به رفتار شبه‌نیوتنی و در موتور بل209 در 50 ساعت آخر به غیر نیوتنی ملایم با شاخص سیال 0.94 تغییر می‌کند. این نتایج اهمیت پایش دوره‌ای روغن در سامانه‌های هوایی با وظایف سخت نشان می‌دهد و به بهینه‌سازی برنامه‌های تعمیر و نگهداری، طراحی سامانه‌های خنک‌کاری و انتخاب نوع روانکار مناسب کمک میکند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

روغن موتور

خواص ترموفیزیکی

بالگرد

تخریب روغن

موضوعات

موتور احتراق داخلی

عنوان مقاله English

A Case-Based Evaluation of Thermophysical Property Changes on Helicopter Powertrain Lubricant Performance

نویسنده English

Ali Mehrabi

Flight and Engineering Department, IAMU, Tehran, Iran

چکیده English

In this study, the evolution of thermophysical and rheological properties of Aeroshell Turbine Oil 500 during its service life was experimentally investigated in two helicopter platforms operating under different conditions: a Military Attack Helicopter (MAH) subjected to severe thermal and mechanical loads, and a Military Utility Helicopter (MUH) operating under comparatively milder conditions. Engine and gearbox oil samples were collected over 200 hours of operation at 25-hour intervals. The experimental analysis included measurements of viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat capacity, along with the evaluation of thermal diffusivity and rheological behavior. The results indicated that oil degradation in the engine was significantly more severe than in the gearbox. Kinematic viscosity increased by 34% in the MAH engine and 25% in the MUH, leading to a proportional rise in frictional losses. Thermal conductivity decreased by 23.7% in the MAH and 18.9% in the MUH, reflecting a reduction in oil cooling capability. In both platforms, specific heat decreased while density increased, indicating structural changes associated with thermal aging. Rheological analysis showed Newtonian behavior in the gearboxes of both helicopters. However, engine oil exhibited nearly Newtonian behavior after prolonged operation and transitioned to mild shear-thinning behavior in the MAH engine during the final service stage. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of oil thermophysical properties in high-load aircraft systems and provide a basis for optimizing maintenance strategies, lubricant selection, and thermal management system design.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Thermophysical properties

Oil degradation

Helicopter

Powertrain Lubricant

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