Modares Mechanical Engineering

Modares Mechanical Engineering

Numerical modeling of breast cancer diagnosis with microwave thermo-acoustic imaging

Authors
M. Soltani 1
R. Rahpeima 2
F. Moradi Kashkooli 1
A. Alipoor 1
P. Torkaman 3
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Microwave-induced thermo-acoustic imaging (TAI) is an imaging technique with a great potential in detecting breast cancer at early stages. This technique combines the advantages of both microwave and ultrasound imaging. In this technique, image construction is based on the acoustic waves which are produced in the tissue due to irradiation of microwave pulses on it. Due to multi-physics nature of this phenomenon, the capability and feasibility of a numerical simulation method which can solve this problem consistently, investigated with performing a two dimensional simulation of TAI. In this simulation, a biological tissue including a tumor is considered in a rectangular duct (waveguide) under irradiation of pulsed 2.45 GHz microwave source. The generated heat in the biological tissue due to electromagnetic waves irradiation and the corresponding pressure gradient in the tissue due to the temperature variations are evaluated. It is then studied for different power levels of microwave sources for identifying required power level for producing thermo-acoustic signals. Simulation results show a minuscule rise in temperature as a result of the absorption of pulsed microwave energy, for example, 0.004743°C temperature increment in the center of the tumor, due to excitation pulse of 1000 W, 200 μs. This small temperature variation in tumor, produce several kPa of pressure variations, 0.02759 kPa pressure difference at the interface of tumor and breast tissue. This pressure variation will produce acoustic signals, which can be detected with array of transducers and used for construction of image.
Keywords
Thermo-acoustic imaging
Thermo-acoustic tomography
Breast tumor
Early detection
Microwave

Subjects

[1] J. Ferlay, I. Soetjomataram, R. Dikshit, S. Eser, et al., Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012, Cancer, Vol. 136, 2015.
[2] L. Ottini, Male breast cancer: a rare disease that might uncover underlying pathways of breast cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 14, p. 643, 2014.
[3] I. Johansson, M. Ringndr, I. Hedenfalk, The landscape of candidate driver genes differs between male and female breast cancer, PLoS One, Vol. 8, pp. e78299, 2013.
[4] S. Zurrida, F. Nola, B. Bonanni, M. G. Mastropasqua, et al., Male breast cancer, Future Oncology, Vol. 6, pp. 985-991, 2010.
[5] Z. Jing, L. Nildason, J. Stein, I. Shaw, et al., X-ray manunography/tomosynthesis of patient's breast, ed: Google Patents, 2009.
[6] J. G. Elmore, M. B. Barton, V. M. Moceri, S. Polk, et at, Ten-year risk of false positive screening mammograms and clinical breast examinations, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 338, pp. 1089-1096, 1998.
[7] D. D. Adler, P. L. Carson, J. M. Rubin, D. Quinn-Reid, Doppler ultrasound color flow imaging in the study of breast cancer: preliminary findings, Ultrasound in Medicine & biology, vol. 16, pp. 553-559, 1990.
[8] B. Li, X. Zhao, S. C. Dai, W. Cheng, Associations between manuuography and ultrasound imaging features and molecular characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer, Cancer Prevention, Vol. 15, pp. 3555-9, 2014.
[9] Q. Zhu, S. You, Y. Jiang, J. Zhang, et al., Detecting angiogenesis in breast tumors: comparison of color Doppler flow imaging with ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography, Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 37, pp. 862-869, 2011.
[10] B. Guo, J. Li, H. Zmuda, M. Sheplak, Multifrequency microwave-induced thermal acoustic imaging for breast cancer detection, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 54, pp. 2000-2010.2007.
[11] G. N. Bindu, S. J. Abraham, A. Lonappan, V. Thomas, et aL, Active microwave imaging for breast cancer detection. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 58, pp. 149-169. 2006.
[12] P. M. Meaney, M. W. Fanning, T. Raynolds, C. J. Fox, et al., Initial clinical experience with microwave breast imaging in women with normal mammography, Academic Radiology, Vol. 14, pp. 207-218, 2007.
[13] M. Xu, L. V. Wang, Time-domain reconstruction for thennoacoustic tomography in a spherical geometry, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 21, pp. 814-822.2002.
[14] L. Nie, D. Xing, Q. Zhou, D. Yang, et al., Microwave-induced thennoacoustic scanning CT for high-contrast and noninvasive breast cancer imaging, Medical Physics, Vol. 35, pp. 4026-4032, 2008.
[15] W. Gong, G. Chen, Z. Zhao, Z. Nie, Estimation of threshold noise suppression algorithm in microwave induced thennoacoustic tomography, Microwave Conference, 2009, APMC 2009, Asia Pacific, 2009, pp. 653-656.
[16] Y. Xie, B. Guo, J. Li. G. Ku, et al., Adaptive and robust methods of reconstruction (ARMOR) for thennoacoustic tomography, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. Vol. 55, pp. 2741-2752, 2008.
[17] X. Wang. D. R. Bauer, R. Witte, H. Xin, Microwave-induced thennoacoustic imaging model for potential breast cancer detection, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 59. pp. 2782-2791, 2012.
[18] J. Song, Z. Zhao, J. Wang, X. Zhu, et al.. An integrated simulation approach and experimental research on microwave induced thermo-acoustic tomography system, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 140, pp. 385-400, 2013.
[19] T. George, E. Rufus, Z. C. Alex, Simulation of microwave induced thermo-acoustical imaging technique for cancer detection, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, 2015.
[20] X. Xu, L. Huang, Y. Ling, H. Jiang, Thenuoacoustic imaging of finger of joints and bones: feasibility study, Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Biotechnology & Medical Science, pp. 243-248, 2017.
[21] W. Ding, Z. Ji, D. Xing, Microwave-excited ultrasound and thermoacoustic dual imaging, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 110, pp. 183701, 2017.
[22] Y. Cui, C. Yuan, Z. Ji, A review of microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging: Excitation source, data acquisition system and biomedical applications, Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences. 10(04):1730007, 2017.
[23] D. Elmas, B. Uzun, M. idemen, M. Karaman, "Cross-sectional thermoacoustic imaging using multi-layer cylindrical media," General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS), 2017 XXXIInd, pp. 1, 2017.
[24] M. S. Aliroteh, A. Arbabian, Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging of subcutaneous vasctdature with near-field RF excitation, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 66, pp. 577-588, 2018.
25] K. G. Mu, M. Popovic, Spectral difference between microwave radar and microwave-induced thermoacoustic signals, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 8, pp. 1259-1262, 2009.
[26] X. Jin, L. V. Wang, Thermoacoustic tomography with correction for acoustic speed variations, Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 51, pp. 6437, 2006.
[27] K. Pitchai, Electromagnetic and heat transfer modeling of microwave heating in domestic ovens, 2011.
[28] M. Soltani, P. Chen, Numerical modeling of fluid flow in solid tumors, PloS one, Vol. 6, pp. e20344, 2011.
[29] M. T. Ahmadian, A. A. Nikooyan, Modeling and prediction of soft tissue directional stiffness using in-vitro forcedisplacement data, Science and Research, Vol. 16, pp. 385-89, 2006.
[30] E. J. Chen, J. Novakofski, W. K. Jenkins, W. D. O'Brien, Young's modulus measurements of soft tissues with application to elasticity imaging, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 43, pp. 1914, 1996.
[31] K. R. Holmes, Thermal conductivity data for specific tissues and organs for humans and other mammalian species, Appendix A chart. CRC Handbook of Thermal Engineering, 2d ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 2017.
[32] T. Stylianopoulos, J. D. Martin, M. Snuderl, F. Mpekris, S. R. Jain, et al., Coevolution of solid stress and interstitial fluid pressure in tumors during progression: Implications for vascular collapse, Cancer Research, Vol. 73, pp. 383341, Jul 01 2013.
Modares Mechanical Engineering
Volume 18, Issue 9
December 2018
Pages 142-150