Modares Mechanical Engineering

Modares Mechanical Engineering

Investigation of sub-cooling methods for discharged liquid nitrogen jet from injector

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
seyed davood moosavian 1
ali reza mostofi zadeh 2
Hojat ghassemi 3
1 Student, Department of Aerospace, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology
2 Associate Professor, Department of Aerospace, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology
3 Associate Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, Iran University of Science and Technology
10.52547/mme.22.5.323
Abstract
One of the problems in the experiment of breakup cryogenic liquid jet is the state of discharged cryogenic liquid jet from injector. In some applications, it is necessary jet to be in the sub-cooled condition. However, at atmospheric condition, the discharged cryogenic liquid jet becomes two-phase. In the present article, the methods for sub-cooling of the liquid nitrogen jet are investigated and a simple method to achieve this goal is used. With this method, which is based on holding at low pressure, a sub-cooled liquid nitrogen jet with a temperature of about 7 K lower than the saturation temperature was obtained. Then, the behavior of the liquid nitrogen jet at high pressure and atmospheric pressure is evaluated. High speed camera was used to observe the behavior of the jet. The speed of liquid jet is changed from 12 m/s to 34 m/s according to the Reynolds number from 90000 to 260000. When the liquid nitrogen jet is discharged into the environment under standard conditions, the jet becomes two-phase and expands. The larger the injector pressure difference, the greater the expansion of the jet; So that in the pressure difference of 6 and 13 bar, the diameter of the jet is 1.5 and 3.3 times the diameter of the injector, respectively. In the test speed range, under the conditions provided for the liquid and the environment, the breakup of the sub-cooled liquid jet leads to the production of very small droplets that are consistent with the expectation of such a liquid.
Keywords
Liquid jet
cryogenic liquid
sub-cooled liquid
Liquid nitrogen
Thermodynamics of cryogenic liquid jet

Subjects

O.H. Mayer, H.A. Schik, B. Vielle, C,Chauveau, I, Gokalp, D.G. Tallay, and R.D. Woodward, ʻAtomization and breakup of cryogenic propellants under high-pressure subcritical and supercritical conditions ʼ, Journal of propulsion and power 14 (1998) 1-8. [DOI:10.2514/2.5250]
O.H. Mayer, H.A. Schik, B. Vielle, C,Chauveau, I, Gokalp, D.G. Tallay, and R.D. Woodward, ʻAtomization and breakup of cryogenic propellants under high-pressure subcritical and supercritical conditions ʼ, Journal of propulsion and power 14 (1998) 1-8. [DOI:10.2514/2.5250]
B. Chehroudi, D. Talley, and E. Coy, ʻInitial growth rate and visual characteristics if a round jet into a sub- to supercritical environment if relevance to rocket, gas turbuine, and diesel enginesʼ, 37th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, American, 11-14 January (1999) 1-8 . [DOI:10.2514/6.1999-206]
B. Chehroudi, D. Talley, and E. Coy, ʻInitial growth rate and visual characteristics if a round jet into a sub- to supercritical environment if relevance to rocket, gas turbuine, and diesel enginesʼ, 37th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, American, 11-14 January (1999) 1-8 . [DOI:10.2514/6.1999-206]
B. Chehroudi, R. Cohn, and D. Talley, ʻ Cryogenic shear layers: experiments and phenomenological modeling of the initial growth rate under subcritical and supercritical conditions ʼ, International journal of heat and fluid flow 23 (2002) 554-563. [DOI:10.1016/S0142-727X(02)00151-0]
B. Chehroudi, R. Cohn, and D. Talley, ʻ Cryogenic shear layers: experiments and phenomenological modeling of the initial growth rate under subcritical and supercritical conditions ʼ, International journal of heat and fluid flow 23 (2002) 554-563. [DOI:10.1016/S0142-727X(02)00151-0]
B. Chehroudi, D. Talley, and E. Coy, ʻVisual characteristics initial growth rate of round Cryogenic jets at subcritical and supercritical pressuresʼ, Physics of fluids 14 (2002) 1-12. [DOI:10.1063/1.1421103]
B. Chehroudi, D. Talley, and E. Coy, ʻVisual characteristics initial growth rate of round Cryogenic jets at subcritical and supercritical pressuresʼ, Physics of fluids 14 (2002) 1-12. [DOI:10.1063/1.1421103]
H. Tani, S. Teramoto, and K. Okamoto, ʻHigh-speed observations of cryogenic single and coaxial jets under subcritical and transcritical conditionsʼ, Exprimental fluids (2015) 1-13. [DOI:10.1007/s00348-015-1956-0]
H. Tani, S. Teramoto, and K. Okamoto, ʻHigh-speed observations of cryogenic single and coaxial jets under subcritical and transcritical conditionsʼ, Exprimental fluids (2015) 1-13. [DOI:10.1007/s00348-015-1956-0]
L. Li, M. Xie, W. Wie, M. Jia, and H. Liu, ʻCharacterization of flashing phenomena with cryogenic fluid under vacuum conditionʼ, Journal of propulsion and power (2016) 1-11.
L. Li, M. Xie, W. Wie, M. Jia, and H. Liu, ʻCharacterization of flashing phenomena with cryogenic fluid under vacuum conditionʼ, Journal of propulsion and power (2016) 1-11.
L. Li, M. Xie, W. Wie, M. Jia, and H. Liu, ʻNumerical investigation on cryogenic liquid jet under transcritical and supercritical conditionsʼ, Cryogenics 89 (2018) 16-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2017.10.021]
L. Li, M. Xie, W. Wie, M. Jia, and H. Liu, ʻNumerical investigation on cryogenic liquid jet under transcritical and supercritical conditionsʼ, Cryogenics 89 (2018) 16-28. [DOI:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2017.10.021]
K. Lyras, S. Dembele, D.P. Schmidt, and J.X. Wen, ʻNumerical simulation of subcooled and superheated jets under thermodynamic non-equilibriumʼ, International journal of multiphase flow (2018) 1-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.01.014]
K. Lyras, S. Dembele, D.P. Schmidt, and J.X. Wen, ʻNumerical simulation of subcooled and superheated jets under thermodynamic non-equilibriumʼ, International journal of multiphase flow (2018) 1-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.01.014]
X. Wu, Z. Huang, S. Zhang, and R. Li, ʻDetached eddy simulation of the flow field and heat transfer in cryogenic nitrogen jet ʼ, International journal of heat and mass transfer 150 (2020) 1-19. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119275]
X. Wu, Z. Huang, S. Zhang, and R. Li, ʻDetached eddy simulation of the flow field and heat transfer in cryogenic nitrogen jet ʼ, International journal of heat and mass transfer 150 (2020) 1-19. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119275]
J. Ma, H. Liu, L. Liu, and M. Xie, ʻSimulation study on the cryogenic liquid nitrogen jets: Effects of equations of state and turbulence models ʼ, Cryogenics 117 (2021) 1-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103330]
J. Ma, H. Liu, L. Liu, and M. Xie, ʻSimulation study on the cryogenic liquid nitrogen jets: Effects of equations of state and turbulence models ʼ, Cryogenics 117 (2021) 1-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103330]
D. Poulikakos, (1993) ʻDetermination of Structure Temperature and Concentration of the Near Injector Region of Impinging Jets Using Holographic Techniquesʼ, Proc. of the AFOSR Contractors Meeting.
D. Poulikakos, (1993) ʻDetermination of Structure Temperature and Concentration of the Near Injector Region of Impinging Jets Using Holographic Techniquesʼ, Proc. of the AFOSR Contractors Meeting.
E.W. Lemmon, I.H. Bell, Huber, M.L. McLinden, ʻM.O. NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROPʼ, Version 10.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, 2018.
E.W. Lemmon, I.H. Bell, Huber, M.L. McLinden, ʻM.O. NIST Standard Reference Database 23: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties-REFPROPʼ, Version 10.0, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, 2018.
N. Dombrowski, and P.C. Hooper, ʻA Study of the Sprays Formed by Impinging Jets in Laminar and Turbulent Flowʼ, Fluid Mech. 18 (1964) 392-398. [DOI:10.1017/S0022112064000295]
N. Dombrowski, and P.C. Hooper, ʻA Study of the Sprays Formed by Impinging Jets in Laminar and Turbulent Flowʼ, Fluid Mech. 18 (1964) 392-398. [DOI:10.1017/S0022112064000295]
Huimin, L. ʻScience and Engineering of Dropletsʼ, Noyes Publication Park Ridge, (1981) New Jersey, U.S.A.
Huimin, L. ʻScience and Engineering of Dropletsʼ, Noyes Publication Park Ridge, (1981) New Jersey, U.S.A.
Modares Mechanical Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 5
April 2022
Pages 323-333