Modares Mechanical Engineering

Modares Mechanical Engineering

Studying Oblique Penetration Trajectory of Rigid Projectiles in Semi-Infinite Concrete Targets by Analytical and Experimental Methods

Authors
hassan akhani 1
Hossein Khodarahmi 2
Milad Sadeghyazdi 2
Mojtaba Zia shamami 2
Safa Peyman 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
2 Imam Hossein University
10.48311/mme.2025.24041
Abstract
In this paper, the oblique penetration path of a rigid ogive-nosed projectiles into a semi-infinite concrete target with a compressive strength of 35 MPa is investigated. Analytical and experimental results are compared. The projectile is made of high-strength, hardened steel with a yield stress of 1100 MPa, selected to minimize deformation. Ballistic experiments were conducted at velocities of 500 to 1000 m/s and at impact angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°. Prior to testing, the specimens were scanned to determine the penetration paths of the projectile. In the analytical approach for normal (perpendicular) penetration, the concrete is divided into four zones: plastic, radially cracked, elastic and intact. However, for oblique penetration, these zones are altered due to the influence of the free surface, which is considered in this study to derive analytical relations for concrete under oblique penetration of an ogive-nosed projectile. The effect of weak separation (spalling) is also incorporated into the analytical method. The analytical calculations are performed using MATLAB. The method is applied to determine the oblique penetration path of projectiles into semi-infinite concrete targets. The results show that the analytical model accurately predicts the projectile deflection and penetration path, with a maximum horizontal error of 11.4% and vertical error of 15.8%. Additionally, increasing the impact velocity from 500 to 1000 m/s at an impact angle of 20° leads to an increase in deflection of up to 75%.
Keywords
Oblique Contact
Path of Penetration
free surface
Concrete Scan

Subjects

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Modares Mechanical Engineering
Volume 25, Issue 7
July 2025
Pages 417-427